A trademark is a design, symbol, word or phrase that identifies the source of products and distinguishes them from others. According to Indian law, a trademark can be any mark capable of being represented graphically that distinguishes goods/services of one from others, including shapes, packaging, color combinations. To register a trademark, it must identify a source without being too long/complex, and not be prohibited. The registration process involves filing an application with trademark offices that examine and may accept or refuse applications.

2. Submitted to
Dr.Priyadarshini S. K
Assistant Professor
Dept of Genetics and Plant breeding
College of Sericulture
Chintamani
Course title--Intellectual property rights(1+0)
Topic --Trade marks
Submitted by
Junjappa G B
I.D no ALC9036
B. Sc(Hons) Agriculture

3. A Trademark is a design, symbol, word or phrase thatidentifies
the source of your products and distinguish them from the
products of other companies.
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4. According to Section 2 (zb) of Trademarks Act, 1999. "trade
mark" means a mark capable of being represented graphically and
which is capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one
person from those of others and may include shape of goods, their
packaging and combination of colors”.
T r a d e m a r k

5. 1. A Trademark must be a mark which includes a device,
heading, brand, label, ticket, signature, word, letter,name,
numeral, packaging or combination of colors or any
combination of the above.
2. It should be easy to speak to remember. A good trademarkis
such that the public can easily spell and speak
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6. 3. It should not be too lengthy and complicated to be forgotten
easily. If it is lengthy or complicated, people will not bother to
take the effort to memorize it and ultimately it will be
forgotten.
4. A good Trademark should not be barred under the trademarks
act under the prohibited classes of Trademarks.
T r a d e m a r k

7.  The business name.
 A Product name.
 Logo or label.
 A symbol or design.
 A Product Package.
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20. T r a d e m a r k
Any person -- individual, company, or legal entity.
The application for trademark can be filed within few
days and can start using “TM” symbol.

21. T r a d e m a r k
o Trademark or logo copy
o Applicant details like name, address and nationality and for
company: the state of incorporation
o Goods or services to register
o Date of first use of the trademark in India, if used by you
prior to applying.
o Power of attorney to be signed by the applicant in 100 Rs.
stamp paper

22. The duration of Trademark registration is ten year, that may be
renewed for a further period of ten years on payment of
prescribed renewal fees.
T r a d e m a r k

23. T r a d e m a r k
• It identifies the service or product and its origin
• It guarantees the unchanged quality of the good
• Marketing and advertising device
• An image In mind of the consumer

24. The Central government took up the matter and circulated the
Trademark bill for public opinion in 1879. The need for a law
exclusively addressing trademark practice and procedure in India was
again sought for in the 19th century which eventually materialized into
the Trademark Act, 1940. Subsequently, in the wake of ensuring
trade and commerce development, the Trademark Act, 1958. The
Trademark Act, 1958 was therefor repealed by the Trademark Act,
1999. Which at present governs trademark law and practice in India.
T r a d e m a r k

25. Madrid agreement
Concerning international registration of marks.
Purpose: to simplify the procedures for the filing of
trademaks & services in different countries. Agreement
of madrid for the prevention of false or misleading
indications of source on goods and the additional act of
stockholm of source of goods consumers against persons
using false indications

26. Trade law treaty and regulations(TLT)
To simplify and harmonise the trade mark registration systems of
the member countries.
Lisbon agreement
For the protection of appelations of origin and international
registration. Purpose is to protect “appelations of origin”, defined as
geographical name of a country. region or locality which serves to
designate a product originating therein having quality and
characteristics exclusively or essentially due to the geographical
environment.

27. INTRODUCTION
Patents, designs and copyright are protected only for a limited
period.
A registered trade mark can be protected in perpetuity subject
only to the following conditions:
It is used and renewed periodically and The registered
proprietor takes prompt action against infringers.

28.  The present Trade Marks Act, 1999 has replaced the Trade
and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958.
 The Trade Marks Act, 1999 has been brought into force only
on 15th September 2003.
 The Trade Mark Rules, 2002 are passed under the Trade
Marks Act, 1999.

29.  Developments in trading and commercial practics
 Increasing globalization of trade and industry
 The need to encourage investment flows and transfer of
technology
 Need for simplification & harmonization of trade mark
management systems and
 To give effect to important judicial decisions

30. UNDER TM ACT OF 1999
To provide for registration of trade mark for services, in addition to
goods
Registration of trade marks, which are imitation of well known trade
marks, not to be permitted, besides enlarging the grounds for
refusal of registration
Amplification of factors to be considered for defining a well known
mark

31. UNDER TM ACT OF 1999
 Providing for registration of “collective marks”
owned by associations
 Providing an Appellate Board for speedy disposal of
appeals ad rectification applications
 Providing enhanced punishment for the offences
relating to trade marks
 To provide only a single register with simplified
procedure for registration and with equal rights

32. UNDER TM ACT OF 1999
 Prohibiting someone else’s trademark as part of corporate
names, or name of business concern
 Provision for filing a single application for registration in more
than one class; Increasing the period of registration and
renewal from 7 to 10 years

33. Trade mark search:
A Trademark search is the first step in determining the
uniqueness of the mark, and its similarity to other, pre-existing
marks.
If no search,then there may be a greater risk of being sued for
Trademark infringement, the rejection of the Trademark
application, and a third-party challenging Trademark application.

34. Application for Registration:
Applications for registration of a trademark are to be filed
with the competent government authority, which in most
countries is the same as the authority competent for
processing patent applications. Usually, it is called “Industrial
Property Office” or “Patent and Trademark Office” or
“Trademark Office.”

35. Trademark Registry, Mumbai (Head Office)
Trademark Jurisdiction: State of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh and Goa.
Trademark Registry, Delhi
Trademark Jurisdiction: State of Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab,
Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and
Chandigarh.
Trademark Registry, Kolkata
Trademark Jurisdiction: State of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar,
Orissa, West Bengal, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Sikkim.

36. Trademark Registry, Ahmedabad,
Trademark. Jurisdiction: The state of Gujarat and Rajasthan
and Union Territory of Damman, Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
Trademark Registry, Chennai,
Trademark Jurisdiction: The state of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala,
Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka and Union Territory of Pondicherry and
Lakshadweep Island.

37. F I L I N G O F A P P L I C A T I O N
The trademark filed for registration must appear in the
application form. If it is intended that the sign should be
registered in color, the colors must be claimed and a specimen in
color or the description of the color(s) must be submitted.
If a three-dimensional sign is filed for registration, it is necessary
to claim protection of the sign in its three dimensional form.
The applicant has also to list the goods for which the sign is to be
registered. In some countries a separate application has to be
made for each class, while in others one application is sufficient
for several classes.

38. F I L I N G O F A P P L I C A T I O N
Acceptance OR refusal
An application for registration of a trademark is accepted only if the
formal requirements are fulfilled.
Before issuing a total or partial refusal of the application, the office
should give the applicant an opportunity to make corrections.
Advertisement of application
When an application is absolutely accepted or subject to some
conditions, the registrar should advertise the application.
Purpose: for oppositions of interested persons with in
time.

39. F I L I N G O F A P P L I C A T I O N
Opposition to registration
With in three months from date of advertisement with prescribed
fee in prescribed manner.
Registration
Final step in the Trademark registration procedure is the issuance
of Trademark registration certificate.
After the application for Registration of Trademark is accepted by
the Registrar, the Registrar shall issue to the applicant a Certificate
of Registration under the seal of the Trademark Registry.
®

40. F I L I N G O F A P P L I C A T I O N
Time Duration:
If there is no objection and/ for opposition raised, the process of
Registration Of Trademark usually takes 15 to 18 months
A trademark is designated by the following symbols:
TM (for an unregistered trade mark)
SM (for an unregistered service mark)
® (for a registered trademark)

41. Under the Trademarks Act 1999,Sec 29, a person infringes a registered
trademark if the person “uses as a trademark” a sign which is:
o “Substantially identical” with or “deceptively similar to the registered
trademark on goods or services covered by the trademark registration.
o Substantially identical with or deceptively similar to the registered
trademark on goods or services of the same description as, or closely
related to, the goods or services of the registration, where such use is
likely to deceive or to cause confusion.
o This may be detrimental to proprietor.

42. These remedies are
1. Infringement Action(sec 29 & 30)
An action for infringement, which is a statutory right, is dependent
on the validity of the registration of the mark. Infringement of a
Trademark is a violation of property rights. Trademark registration is
prima facie proof of ownership of the mark . The jurisdiction and
procedure, in infringement suit, is governed by the Civil Procedure
Code.
The period of limitation for filing the suit for infringement is three
years from the date of infringement. The relief and remedy in to
infringement proceedings include:

43.  Injunction
 Restraining the future use of the mark
 Damages or on account of profits
 Order for delivery of the infringing labels and marks for
destruction
 Seizure and confiscation of the infringing goods by the police
department
 Arrest of the infringers
 Fines and penalties

44. 2. Passing Off(sec 27)
 An action of passing off is a direct subject matter of or
common law of right.
 Passing off is not defined in The Trade and Merchandise
Marks Act, but it provides the rules of procedure and the
remedies available.
 In the case of unregistered yet well known marks, the owner
of the mark can initiate a passing off action in the
appropriate Court of law.