This document discusses the design of hydraulic structures and sediment transport in channels. It explains that as water flows in a channel, it tries to scour the surface, detaching silt, gravel or boulders that get swept downstream in the sediment load. The sediment load consists of bed load, where sediment moves along the bed, and suspended load, where material is maintained in suspension by turbulence. It then discusses mechanics of sediment transport, noting that tractive or shear force from water flow is the basic mechanism, exerted on the wetted area. A formula is provided for calculating the critical tractive force required for incipient motion of sediment particles in a channel.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY AS - HYDROLOGY AND FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY: 1.3 RIVER CHANN...George Dumitrache
Subchapter 3 in the first chapter of Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology, suitable for AS students, consisting in the following: river processes, velocity, flows and Hjulstrom Curve.
Sediment Transport Suspended Load - Khalid Arafat .pptxKhalidArafat1
Sediment is fragmental material, primarily formed by the physical and chemical desintegration of rocks from the earth's crust. Such particles range in size from large boulders to colloidal size fragments and vary in shape from rounded to angular. They also vary in specific gravity and mineral composition, the predominant material being quartz. Once the sediment particles are detached, they may either be transported by gravity, wind or/and water.
The most common modes of sediment transport in rivers are bedload and suspended load. As bedload, sediment particles saltate, roll, and slide, but always staying close to the bed. As suspend load, sediment is carried by the fluid turbulence up in the water column. In the case of river, the volume concentration of solids in the water column tends to be rather dilute even during large floods .
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY AS - HYDROLOGY AND FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY: 1.3 RIVER CHANN...George Dumitrache
Subchapter 3 in the first chapter of Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology, suitable for AS students, consisting in the following: river processes, velocity, flows and Hjulstrom Curve.
Sediment Transport Suspended Load - Khalid Arafat .pptxKhalidArafat1
Sediment is fragmental material, primarily formed by the physical and chemical desintegration of rocks from the earth's crust. Such particles range in size from large boulders to colloidal size fragments and vary in shape from rounded to angular. They also vary in specific gravity and mineral composition, the predominant material being quartz. Once the sediment particles are detached, they may either be transported by gravity, wind or/and water.
The most common modes of sediment transport in rivers are bedload and suspended load. As bedload, sediment particles saltate, roll, and slide, but always staying close to the bed. As suspend load, sediment is carried by the fluid turbulence up in the water column. In the case of river, the volume concentration of solids in the water column tends to be rather dilute even during large floods .
River is a most Important agent in geological field and most important roll of the physical, Chemical and biological erosion. It is common factors of river.
ground water flow and its application.The boundary line along a topographic ridge, separating two adjacent drainage basins called the drainage divide.
The line of the ground water table from which the water table slopes downward away from the line on both sides, is called the ground.The single point or location at which all surface drainage from a basin comes together or concentrates as outflow from the basin in the stream channel is called concentration point or measuring point, since the stream outflow is usually measured at this point.The time required for the rain falling at the most distant point in the drainage area (i.e., on the fringe of the catchment ) to reach the concentration point is called the concentration time.
This is a very significant variable since only such storms of duration greater than the time of concentration will be able to produce runoff from the entire catchment area and cause high intensity floods.
River is a most Important agent in geological field and most important roll of the physical, Chemical and biological erosion. It is common factors of river.
ground water flow and its application.The boundary line along a topographic ridge, separating two adjacent drainage basins called the drainage divide.
The line of the ground water table from which the water table slopes downward away from the line on both sides, is called the ground.The single point or location at which all surface drainage from a basin comes together or concentrates as outflow from the basin in the stream channel is called concentration point or measuring point, since the stream outflow is usually measured at this point.The time required for the rain falling at the most distant point in the drainage area (i.e., on the fringe of the catchment ) to reach the concentration point is called the concentration time.
This is a very significant variable since only such storms of duration greater than the time of concentration will be able to produce runoff from the entire catchment area and cause high intensity floods.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Tractive Approach Part 1.pptx
1. DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
Course Code: 101612
Branch: Civil Engg.
Credit: 03
Prepared By:
Rajkishor,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering,
Bhagalpur College of Engineering, Bhagalpur
2. DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC CHANNEL BY TRACTIVE APPROACH
Sediment Transport:
Whenever water flows in a channel (natural or river), it tries to scour
its surface.
Silt or gravel or boulders get detached from the bed or sides of the
channel.
These are swept in downstream by the moving water.
This phenomenon is known as sediment transport.
Sediment transport further results in silting and scouring which may
damage channels or reservoirs.
Sediment Load:
The sediment in a canal is a burden to be borne by the
flowing water which is known as sediment load.
3. SEDIMENT LOAD
BED LOAD
SUSPENDED LOAD
Bed load is that in
which the sediment
moves along the bed
with occasional
jumps into the
channel.
While the suspended
load is the one in
which the material is
maintained in
suspension due to the
turbulence of the
flowing water.
4. Bed Formation:
• At very low velocities, the bed doesn’t move at all.
• For example, In case of fine sand (lesser than 2mm dia) when
velocity is increased gradually, then-
8. Mechanics of Sediment Transport:
• Considering the soil to be incoherent (c =0), each soil particle can
be studied separately, there are no cohesive force between the
particles such as in sand or gravel.
• Tractive force or Drag force or Shear force is the basic
mechanism involved in sediment transport, exerted by water in the
direction of flow.
• This force is nothing but pull of water on the wetted area.
