Tracing the complex path of allergic reaction
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The document traces the complex path of allergic and inflammatory reactions. It begins when an allergen enters the body and attracts antibodies like Immunoglobulin E (IgE). This causes the production of enzymes like Phospholipase A2 which break down cell wall phospholipids and produce inflammatory mediators like arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid then interacts with enzymes like cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase to produce prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. These mediators cause symptoms of inflammation like increased mucus and the attraction of cells and mediators that perpetuate the allergic response.
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Tracing the complex path of allergic reaction
- 1. Attracts antibodies such as Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Antibodies stimulate adrenergic receptors in epithelial cells, which initiates the production of the enzyme Phospholipase A2 TRACING THE COMPLEX PATH OF ALLERGIC AND INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS. ALLERGEN ENTERS EYE Phospholipase A2 breaks down phospholipids that reside in the cell wall. This produces… Degranulation causes the enzyme phospholipase C to increase intercellular calcium levels in mast cells which initiates the production of phospholipase A2 Inhibited by Steroids Arachidonic Acid. Interacts with Cyclooxygenase Interacts with Lipoxygenase Inhibited by NSAIDs Cyclooxygenase metabolizes arachidonic acid to produce… Lipoxygenase metabolizes arachidonic acid to produce… Prostaglandins Thromboxanes Leukotrienes Increase Mucous Secretion Attract red blood cells (platelets) Attract white blood cells Stimulate nerve endings responsible for Itching and Pain (Nociceptors) Cause Vasodilation and/or Increased vascular permeability Counteracted by Vasoconstrictors Heparin IgE binds to the allergen, then attaches to mast cells, causing degranulation Inhibited by Mast cell Stabilizers Inhibited by Mast Cell Stabilizers Mast cell Degranulation releases inflammatory mediators Complement Attracts other mediators Attracts white blood cells Allows bradykinin in RBCs to enter area Promotes white blood cell migration to area Bradykinin Eosinophilic Chemotactic Factor Histamine Platelet activating factor. (Attracts RBCs) Inhibited by Antihistamines Reproduced by Dr. Emereole C.A (O.D) Department of Optometry, Imo State University, Owerri, 2013.