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Tracing the complex path of allergic reaction
- 1. Attracts antibodies suchas Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Antibodies stimulate adrenergic receptors in epithelial cells, which initiates the production of the enzyme Phospholipase A2 TRACING THE COMPLEX PATH OF ALLERGIC AND INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS. ALLERGEN ENTERS EYE Phospholipase A2 breaks down phospholipids that reside in the cell wall. This produces… Degranulation causes the enzyme phospholipase C to increase intercellular calcium levels in mast cells which initiates the production of phospholipase A2 Inhibited by Steroids Arachidonic Acid. Interacts with Cyclooxygenase Interacts with Lipoxygenase Inhibited by NSAIDs Cyclooxygenase metabolizes arachidonic acid to produce… Lipoxygenase metabolizes arachidonic acid to produce… Prostaglandins Thromboxanes Leukotrienes Increase Mucous Secretion Attract red blood cells (platelets) Attract white blood cells Stimulate nerve endings responsible for Itching and Pain (Nociceptors) Cause Vasodilation and/or Increased vascular permeability Counteracted by Vasoconstrictors Heparin IgE binds to the allergen, then attaches to mast cells, causing degranulation Inhibited by Mast cell Stabilizers Inhibited by Mast Cell Stabilizers Mast cell Degranulation releases inflammatory mediators Complement Attracts other mediators Attracts white blood cells Allows bradykinin in RBCs to enter area Promotes white blood cell migration to area Bradykinin Eosinophilic Chemotactic Factor Histamine Platelet activating factor. (Attracts RBCs) Inhibited by Antihistamines Reproduced by Dr. Emereole C.A (O.D) Department of Optometry, Imo State University, Owerri, 2013.