The RIPE Atlas team released a new online tool that helps to make sense of trace routes that are generated by RIPE Atlas. Use this tool to optimize your routing and debug network problems.
Fast Cars, Big Data - How Streaming Can Help Formula 1 - Tugdual Grall - Code...Codemotion
Modern race cars produce lot of data, and all this in real time. In this presentation I will show you how data could be generated and used by various applications in the car, on the track or team head quarter. The demonstration will show how to move data using messaging systems like Apache Kafka, process the data using Apache Spark and use various storage technics: Distributed File System, NoSQL Database. This presentation is a great opportunity to see how to build a " near real time big data application". The code from this talk will be made available as open source.
Fast Cars, Big Data - How Streaming Can Help Formula 1 - Tugdual Grall - Code...Codemotion
Modern race cars produce lot of data, and all this in real time. In this presentation I will show you how data could be generated and used by various applications in the car, on the track or team head quarter. The demonstration will show how to move data using messaging systems like Apache Kafka, process the data using Apache Spark and use various storage technics: Distributed File System, NoSQL Database. This presentation is a great opportunity to see how to build a " near real time big data application". The code from this talk will be made available as open source.
Emmanuel Mondon (Copernicus World Alliance) described the activities of the Copernicus World Alliance aiming to secure the return of investment in Copernicus and other Earth observation (EO) programmes resulting in societal and economic benefits. One of their contribution towards this goal is to test a multi-cloud solution that can handle the enormous amount of data coming from EO.
Contribution to the WORKSHOP ON CONTRIBUTION
TO THE EUROPEAN LOCATION FRAMEWORK (ELF)
16th February 2016 @ Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre Authority of the Slovak Republic
A presentation about how data from Digimap has helped to find quarries used in the production of stone for Hadrian's Wall. The research was carried out by Kathleen O'Donnell as part of her MSC and will be continued in a PhD.
Emmanuel Mondon (Copernicus World Alliance) described the activities of the Copernicus World Alliance aiming to secure the return of investment in Copernicus and other Earth observation (EO) programmes resulting in societal and economic benefits. One of their contribution towards this goal is to test a multi-cloud solution that can handle the enormous amount of data coming from EO.
Contribution to the WORKSHOP ON CONTRIBUTION
TO THE EUROPEAN LOCATION FRAMEWORK (ELF)
16th February 2016 @ Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre Authority of the Slovak Republic
A presentation about how data from Digimap has helped to find quarries used in the production of stone for Hadrian's Wall. The research was carried out by Kathleen O'Donnell as part of her MSC and will be continued in a PhD.
Internet development in Africa: a content use, hosting and distribution persp...AFRINIC
With increasing demand for videos, streaming media, and for services such as cloud computing in Africa, broadband performance, and specifically how users experience performance, becomes increasingly important. In order to meet a growing demand for digital content, mobile operators across the continent have extensively invested in increasing capacity by investing in undersea cables, as well as in terrestrial fibre networks. Mobile
LTE networks provision is expanding as well but remains insufficient to cover remote and rural areas.
Insight Into Africa’s Country-level LatenciesAFRINIC
This paper provides insight into the effects of cross-border infrastructure and logical interconnections in Africa on both intra-country and cross-border latency on end-to-end Internet paths, by comparing Internet performance measurements between different countries. We collected ICMP pings between countries using Speedchecker and applied a community detection algorithm to group countries based on round-trip times (RTTs) between countries. We observed three main latency clusters: East and Southern Africa; North Africa; and West and Central Africa. An interesting observation is that these clusters largely correspond to countries that share the same official languages or past colonial history. The cluster in Eastern and Southern Africa is the most strongly clustered: these countries have the lowest inter-country latency values. We also found that some countries have a much higher intra-country latency than expected, pointing to the lack of local peering or physical infrastructure within the country itself.
This finding underscores the importance of physical networking
infrastructure deployment and inter-network relationships at a
country and regional level.
Deep Diving into Africa’s Inter-Country LatenciesAFRINIC
The Internet in Africa is evolving rapidly, yet remains significantly behind other regions in terms of performance and ubiquity of access. This clearly has negative consequences for the residents of Africa but also has implications for organisations designing
future networked technologies that might see deployment in the region. This paper presents a measurement campaign methodology to explore the current state of the African Internet. Using vantage points across the continent, we perform the first large-scale mapping of inter-country delays in Africa. Our analysis reveals a number of clusters, where countries have built up low delay interconnectivity, dispelling the myth that intra-communications in Africa are universally poor. Unfortunately, this does not extend to the remainder of the continent, which typically suffers from excessively high delays, often exceeding 300ms. We find that in many cases it is faster to reach European or North American networks than those in other regions of Africa. By mapping the internetwork topology, we identify a number of shortcomings in the infrastructure, most notably an excessive reliance on intercontinental transit providers.
Studying performance barriers to cloud services in Africa's public sectorAFRINIC
Cloud computing allows individuals and organisations to remotely lease storage and computation resources as needed. For such
remote access to computational resources to work efciently, there is need for well-developed Internet infrastructure to support reliable and low-delay delivery of trac. By carrying out the month-long Internet measurement campaign, this paper investigates the hosting situation and latencies in the public sector of ve African countries. Results of the study show that a large percentage of the public sector websites across the countries are hosted in cloud-based infrastructure and are physically located in America and Europe. Analysis of delays shows signicant diferences between local and remotely hosted websites, and that latencies are signficantly lower for countries that host CDN nodes. The results also suggest higher delays for local websites that are accessed circuitously.
Africa has the lowest rate of Internet penetration in the world. This is set to change with Africa predicted to be a major driving force in expanding global uptake. Despite this, recent studies have observed generally poor Internet performance on the continent. This paper presents a large-scale measurement study of the African Internet. It focusses on mapping the performance and topological characteristics of intra-Africa connectivity. Our analysis discovers a series of "communities", in which countries have built up low delay interconnectivity, dispelling the myth that intra delays in Africa are universally poor. Unfortunately, this does not extend to the remainder of the continent, which typically suffers from excessively high intercountry delays, often exceeding 300ms. To explain this, we explore the intra-continental topology to discover a number of shortcomings, most notably an excessive reliance on international transit providers rather than local peering.
Tampering With the Open Internet: Experiences From AfricaAFRINIC
The talk explores the ways, explicit and covert, in which states and private operators hinder the free flow of internet traffic. The security and privacy implications of such tampering numerous, but could intermediaries in Africa play a more proactive role to minimise threats to an open internet? This talk also notes how practices such as surveillance and censorship affect civic engagement, and, as food for thought, poses the question of how the economic and social impacts of internet traffic tampering in Africa countries should be accurately measured.
Assessing Internet Freedom and the Digital ResilienceAFRINIC
Since December 2016, CIPIT, a research centre at Strathmore Law School in partnership with Small Media, a research and advocacy organization based in London, UK , has been running network measurements to investigate the relationship between physical internet infrastructure ownership and internet freedom in Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania. Physical internet infrastructure is used here to mean the networking layer of the internet connecting end users to the global ecosystem from national gateways, exchange points and service providers.
Measuring quality of Internet links in NRENsAFRINIC
This talk focuses on the deployment of perfSONAR at KENET as well as bottlenecks to watch out for when specifying hardware for Internet measurements. In addition, the presentation also delves into ways in which the infrastructure at KENET is utilized for end-to-end network performance measurements for collaborating researchers and faculty in Kenya and other collaborating institutions in other countries.
State of Internet measurement Infrastructure/tools in AfricaAFRINIC
The presentation will aim to highlight the state of the measurements infrastructure in Africa, with the view of devising strategies for increasing the availability and capabilities of the available tools and vantage points. Topics such as how tackle the question of how to increase the footprint and diversity of vantage points (probes and measurement anchors), as well as how to leverage mobile devices for Internet measurements will be discussed.
Measuring the complexity of the Internet: indexes and indicatorsAFRINIC
Measuring internet development in order to achieve better connectivity and resulting socio-economic development goals is a challenge and a necessity to ascertain progress made in terms of ICT sector development and socio-economic growth. Many intergovernmental, governments, non-profit and private organisations have sought to tackle the challenge through setting targets, defining indicators, and applying research methods to measure progress. Nevertheless, ambitious goals and targets relate mostly to the achievement or improvement of physical connectivity to ICT, while as more and more people get connected to the internet, the attainment of users' digital rights including capabilities and liberties will need to be measured as well and will need to be included in policy objectives on ICT development.
Beyond access: measuring digital inequalitiesAFRINIC
hrough the RIA ICT Household and Individual Access and Use Surveys, the digital divide is analysed not only by using narrow supply-side indicators, or at the level of purely descriptive quantitative data, but also through the impact of gender, location (i.e. urban/rural), and age on social and economic outcomes in relation to areas other than ICT. RIA’s studies on ICT access and use move beyond the issue of physical access to the infrastructure to the increasingly critical issue of ICT use as well as the factors that enable and or constrain use. The factors that determine individuals’ abilities to optimally use such potentially enabling technologies are also studied.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
6. Jasper den Hertog | 30 May 2017 | AIS2017
creating measurements
web interface
command line tools
rest API
7. Jasper den Hertog | 30 May 2017 | AIS2017
reading measurements results
web interface
command line tools
rest API
+
streaming API (realtime with websockets/socket.io)
python library (“cousteau”)
8. Jasper den Hertog | 30 May 2017 | AIS2017
measurement types
dns
ntp
ping
http
ssl/tls
traceroute
latencyMON
dnsMON
traceMON
13. Jasper den Hertog | 30 May 2017 | AIS2017
Get Involved!
• Use RIPE Atlas for your operations:
monitoring, troubleshooting, measuring
• Do scientific research
• Participate in a webinar
• Add multi-lingual content
• Become an ambassador or a sponsor
• Host a RIPE Atlas anchor
• Place a probe in a new exotic location
19. Jasper den Hertog | 30 May 2017 | AIS2017
IXP Country Jedi
• Tool and concept by Emile Aben
- https://github.com/emileaben/ixp-country-jedi
- https://labs.ripe.net/Members/emileaben/measuring-ixps-
with-ripe-atlas
• Method:
- Traceroute mesh between RIPE Atlas probes
- Detect whether they go via local IXP(s)’ LAN IP
- Hops geolocated using OpenIPMap database
• Data:
- http://sg-pub.ripe.net/emile/ixp-country-jedi/
20. Jasper den Hertog | 30 May 2017 | AIS2017
IXP Country Jedi
• Benefits:
- Shows how IXPs help keep traffic local
- Comparing countries’ performances with each other
- Routing and traffic optimisation
- Comparing IPv6 and IPv4
• Kenya:
- http://sg-pub.ripe.net/emile/ixp-country-jedi/latest/IE/
24. Jasper den Hertog | 30 may 2017 | AIS2017
Daily Struggles: A reaches B
• How?
- Optimised?
- IXP?
- Which Autonomous Systems?
- Latency?
•Where?
- Which local entity/node of the CDN?
- From which source?
- Is it going in another country?
25. Jasper den Hertog | 30 may 2017 | AIS2017
Daily Struggles: A doesn’t reach B
• Where does it stop?
- Which AS?
- Which geographical location?
• Who is involved?
- Which portion of the network?
- Who is behind a private address or a ✱ in my traceroute?
- Who can I contact?
• What happens at the BGP level?
26. Jasper den Hertog | 30 may 2017 | AIS2017
Let’s use Traceroutes
• RIPE Atlas multi-source
traceroutes
• What about a viz?
- Complex model
- What is a node? (a single one!)
- Filtering/simplification needed (difficult!)
- Complex view
- Precomputing from Traceroute to Graph (no
operators are willing to do it… daily)
- Static snapshot..still a lot of work and not so
useful Static snapshot (only a portion at a
time, no evolution, complex to follow
27. Jasper den Hertog | 30 may 2017 | AIS2017
What’s new: TraceMON
• TraceMON is a web application for
visualising (multi-source) traceroutes
• Infers network topology and
characteristics of the various network
component involved
• Aggregates data from many data
sources, providing a one-click access to
- Resource holder contacts, latency, whois, BGP
visibility, IP geolocation, IXP detection, reverse DNS
lookup …