The document discusses the need for new frameworks for transportation climate policy. It argues that existing approaches focused on technology and fuels alone have not been effective. A more holistic actor-based approach is needed that considers all decision makers including automakers, fuel providers, land use planners, and consumers. The framework should establish a consistent context where all actors make decisions considering carbon impacts. A combination of incentives and constraints is likely needed to motivate emission reductions across the transportation sector.

3. At the broadest level of policy design, what do we know about what works?

4. Trends in Design-Related Impacts of U.S. Automobiles VMT Oil & Carbon Fatalities Air Pollution Source: Derived from DOT, DOE, and EPA statistics. Each index is based on national totals, i.e., total tons of carbon or pollution and total fatalities, not per-mile rates. The air pollution index represents a health damage-weighted composite of light duty vehicle criteria-related emissions. Relative nationwide TOTAL (not per-mile) impacts

5. The "control system" matters PROCESS INPUT OUTPUT PROCESS INPUT OUTPUT FEEDBACK OPEN LOOP CLOSED LOOP

7. Climate Bills vs. Stabilization Needs

8. Climate Protective Targets for the U.S. Auto Sector Auto sector GHG emissions MMTc/yr (full fuel cycle) As percentage of 2005 level Trend, extrapolated from EIA AEO 2007 Sector targets of lesser and greater stringency, assuming proportionality to USCAP economy-wide targets And, remember that carbon budgets are cumulative .

9. Impact of Auto Proposals Now Under Consideration Hill-Terry proposal Senate bill, CAFE only Senate CAFE+RFS Auto sector GHG emissions MMTc/yr (full fuel cycle) As percentage of 2005 level Trend Climate Protective Targets

10. Traditional Factors for Analyzing Transportation GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Travel Activity Vehicle Efficiency Fuel GHG Intensity

13. Actors Whose Decisions Influence Auto Sector GHG Emissions Automakers Land Use and Infrastructure Planners and Providers Fuel Providers $$ $$ $$ Consumers

21. Thank You! ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE NATIONAL CLIMATE CAMPAIGN