2. QUESTIONS:
DESCRIBE THE BASICS OF MANAGING THE SALES FORCE, AND TELL
HOW TO SET SALES FORCE STRATEGY, SALES FORCE SIZE AND SALES
FORCE STRUCTURE-TERRITORIAL, PRODUCT, CUSTOMER OR
COMPLEX
DISCUSS THE PRINCIPLES OFPERSONNEL SELLING PROCESS AND
OUTLINE THE STEPS IN THE SELLING PROCESS
THE ROLE OF VARIOUS PROMOTIONAL TOOLS LIKE ADVERTISNG,
PERSONAL SELLING, SALES PROMOTION AND PUBLIC RELARION
AS APPLIED IN THE TRAVEL AND TOURIM INDUSTRY
EXPLAIN THE 5 IMPORTANT DECISIONS TO BE TAKEN IN DEVELOPING
AND ADVERTISING PROGRAME
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3. DESCRIBE THE BASICS OF MANAGING THE SALES
FORCE, AND TELL HOW TO SET SALES FORCE
STRATEGY, SALES FORCE SIZE AND SALES FORCE
STRUCTURE-TERRITORIAL, PRODUCT, CUSTOMER OR
COMPLEX
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4. MANAGING THE SALES
FORCE
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Successful sales managers come in all size, shapes, colors, and back-
grounds. Hospitality sales management is neither a precise science nor
a formula based work procedure. Nevertheless there are some functions
and Procedures that have historically been associated with the manage_
ment of a professional sales force. Successful long-run hospitality
Sales requires far more professional outlook and approach.
5. SELECTING SALES STRATEGIES
Sales success within the hospitality industry are not the result of a
hit-and-run sales mentally. Success depends on the developments
of a excellent long run relationship with the clients or accounts
There are six general sales strategies. They are:
Prevent erosion of key account
Grow key accounts
Grow selected marginal accounts
Eliminate selected marginal accounts
Retain selected marginal accounts but provide lower-cost sales
support
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6. PREVENT EROSION OF KEY ACCOUNTS
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It does little good to attract new customers if key customers are lost.
Determine the reasons why key customers leave and initiate corrective
Steps. Initiate and carefully manage programs that treat key customers
as royalty. A single sales/service person may be assigned to work with
only a handful of key accounts. Unless these accounts are provided
highly personal service, the risk of loss to a competitor is great.
GROW KEY ACCOUNT:
Key accounts usually offer more sales potential than is currently
Realized. Key accounts may split their business between several
provider company's business.
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GROW SELECTED MARGINAL ACCOUTS:
There are currently marginal accounts for a variety of reasons. They
Are:
o Experimenting or sampling your product of service.
o Have received poor service in the past and therefore use your
services only when necessary
o Account manager changes have resulted in splitting the business
between various hospitality firms.
o Comfortable with your service but competitors have acquired the
bulk of their business through better follow up.
8. RETAIN SELECTED MARGINAL ACCOUNTS BUT
PROVIDE LOWER-COST SALES SUPPORT:
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ELIMINATE SELECTED MARGINAL ACCOUNTS:
It is difficult to eliminate these customers due to an inability to
identify them when the order of reservation is placed. A
professional sales force has the responsibility to remove these
customers from their list of prospects or active accounts, & refrain
from future sales calls & promotions directed to them.
Many accounts represent infrequent purchases or low-yield
business.
9. SALES FORCE STRUCTURE AND
SIZE
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The diverse nature of the hospitality industry means that different
sales force structure and size have evolved. The structure of a sales
Departments depends on the culture of the organisation, size of the
Property , nature of the market, and type of hotel.
Sales force structure:
Territorial-structured sales force
Product-structured sales force
Market-structured sales force
Customer-sructured sales force
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TERRITORIAL-STRUCTURED SALES FORCE:
Each sales representative is assigned an exclusive territory in
which to represent the company’s full line.
MARKET-STRUCTURED SALES FORCE:
Company structure its sales force based on market segment. The
Advantage of market specialization is that each sales force can
become knowledgeable about specific market segmentation.
CUSTOMER-STRUCTURED SALES FORCE:
A cusomer structured sales force recognizes that specific
customers exist who are critical to the success of the organization.
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COMPLEX-STRUCTURED SALES FORCE:
A large hotel might have a catering/banquet sales force(product) a
convention or meeting sales force(market segment), a tour whole
sale sales force(marketing intermediately), and a national accounts
sales force(customer).
The Dalmahoy Golf for strong sales effort in the local market and
for combination-structured sales force.
12. SALES FORCE SIZE
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Customers are grouped into size classes according to their annual
sales volume.
The desirable call frequencies (number of sales calls on an account
per year.
The number of accounts in each size class is multiplied by the
corresponding call frequency to arrive at the total workload for the
country in sales calls per year.
The average number of calls a sales representative can make per year
is determined.
The number of sales representatives needed is determined by
dividing the total annual calls required by the average calls made
by a sales representative.
13. DISCUSS THE PRINCIPLES OF PERSONNEL
SELLING PROCESS AND OUTLINE THE STEPS IN
THE SELLING PROCESS
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14. 01/30/15 14
Personal selling is an art. Effective sales persons have more than
Instict. They are trained in tactics to achieve sales success.
:
Eight major aspects of personnel selling. They are:
Prospects and qualifying
Pre-approach
Approach
Presentation and demonstration
Negotiation
Overcoming objectives
Closing
Follow-up/maintenance
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Prospects and qualifying
The first step in the selling process is too identify prospects Although
the company Will try to supply leads, sales represen tatives need skill
in developing their own.Leads can be developed in the many ways.
They are:
Through call-ins
Having a booth at appropriate travel or trade shows
Participating in international travel missions
Asking current customers for the names of prospects
Cultivating other referral sources, such as suppliers, dealers,….
Through leads generated by the chain
Joining organisations to which prospects belong
Engaging in speaking and writing activities that will draw attention.
Examine data source
Using the telephone and mail to find leads
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Pre-approach:
The salesperson needs to learn as much as possible about the
prospect company and its buyers. The salesperson should set all
Objectives, which might be to qualify the prospect or gather
Information, or to make immediate sale.
Approach:
The salesperson should know how to greet the buyer to get the
relationship off to a good start. This involves the sales persons’s
Appearance, the opening lines, and the follow-up remarks.The
Opening line should be positive
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Presentation and demonstration:
The salesperson emphasizes customer benefits throughout, bringing
In product features as evidence of these benefits. A benefits is any
Advantage, such as lover cost, less work or more profit for the
Buyer. Company have developed 3 different styles of sales presentation
o Canned approach:
It is based on stimulus thinking. It is used for the right stimulus
words, pictures,terms and actions.
o Formulated approach:
It identify early the buyers needs and buying style and then uses
a formulated approach to this type of buyer.
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o Need-satisfaction approach:
This approach starts with a search for the customers real needs by
encouraging the customer to do most of the talking. The approach
calls for good listening and problem-solving skills.
The sales presentation can be demonstration aids such as
Booklets, movies, slides etc…during the demonstration, the sales
Person can draw on 5 influence strategies.
Legitimacy
Expertise
Referent power
Ingratiation
Impression
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Negotiation:
Many of business-to-business selling involves negotiation skills.
The two parties need to reach agreement on the price and other terms
of sales. Price is the most frequently negotiated issue include
Quality of goods and services offered, purchase volume, risk
Taking, and promotion.
Overcoming objectives:
Customers almost pose objections during the presentation or when
asked for the order. Their resistance can be psychological or
Logical. Psychological resistance inculdes preferenece of
Established hotel or airline, predetermined ideas, dislike of persons
decisions. Logical resistance include objections to the price, or
Certain product or company characteristics
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Closing:
Sales persons need to know how to recognize closing signals from
the buyer, including physical actions, statements, and questions. Sales
Person can use one of several closing techniques.
Follow-up/maintenance:
After the closing the sales person should complete any necessary
details on delivery time, purchase terms, and other matters. Follow-up
Or Foul-up is a slogan of most successful sales people. The sales person
Should develop an account maintenance plan to make sure that the
Customer is not forgotten or lost.
21. THE ROLE OF VARIOUS PROMOTIONAL TOOLS
LIKE ADVERTISNG, PERSONAL SELLING, SALES
PROMOTION AND PUBLIC RELARION AS APLLIED
IN THE TRAVEL AND TOURIM INDUSTRY
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22. Personal selling
• Most effective tool at certain stages of buying process
• Personal interaction with two or more people
• Observe buyer’s need and characteristics.
• Selling relation to long term relation
Shortcomings:
• Sales force requires a longer term company
commitment than ads.
• Ads can be turned on and off , but sales force size
harder to vary
• Company’s most expensive tool.
23. Advertising
Advertising’s public nature suggests:
Advertised product is standard and legitimate .
Buyers know that purchasing the product will be publicly
accepted.
Reach masses of geographically dispersed buyers at low
cost
Repeat a message many times.
Build a long term image for a product
Stimulate quick sales
Shortcomings:
• It is impersonal
• One way communication
• Very costly (TV ads)
24. Sales promotion
• A collection of incentive tools designed to stimulate quicker
or greater purchase of particular products or services by
consumers
• Tools include coupons, contests, cents off deals,
premiums..
• Attract consumers attention and provide info.
• Offer strong incentive to purchase by providing
inducements.
• It says “ buy it now”- create stronger and quicker response.
• Used to dramatize product offers and to boost sagging
sales
• Usually short lived
• Not effective in building long run brand preference
25. Public relations
• PR includes a variety of programs to promote or protect a
companies image or individual products.
• Believability factor.
• News stories, features,
• Reach many prospects who avoid salesperson and ads as
news rather than sales directed communication.
Infomercials
• It’s a new addition to the promotion mix.
• Hybrid b/w advertising and public relation
• Provide stories on video tape for use on television.
Eg: tele brand shows
26. EXPLAIN THE 5 IMPORTANT DECISIONS TO
BE TAKEN IN DEVELOPING AND ADVERTISING
PROGRAME
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27. Advertising is any paid form nonpersonal presentation
and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an
identified sponsor.
The hospitality and travel industries spend
billions of dollars on advertising.
• Cendant corporation
• McDonald’s corp.
• Yum brands
• Burger King
• Doctor’s Associates
• Wendy’s International etc.
28. Marketing management must make 5
important decisions in developing an
advertising program.
1. SETTING THE OBJECTIVE.
2. SETTING THE ADVERTISING BUDGET.
3. MESSAGE DECISIONS.
4. MEDIA DECISIONS.
5. CAMPAIGN EVALUATION.
29. 1. SETTING THE OBJECTIVE
The first step in developing an advertising program
is to set advertising objectives. The objectives should
be based on information about the target market,
positioning, and marketing mix.
The advertising objectives can be classified by their
aim:
• Informative advertising.
• Persuasive advertising.
• Reminder advertising.
30. 2. SETTING THE ADVERTISING BUDGET
After determining advertising objectives, a company can
establish an advertising budget for each product. The role
of advertising is to affect demand for a product. The
advertising budget also has some specific factors that
should be considered when setting a budget:
• Stage in the product life cycle.
• Competition and clutter.
• Market share.
• Advertising frequency.
• Product differentiation.
31. 3. MESSAGE DECISIONS
It is the third decision in the advertising management
process. Creative advertising messages can be more
important than the number of dollars spent.
Advertising can succeed only if its message gains
attention and communicates well. For developing a
creative strategy requires three message steps:
1. Message Generation.
2. Message Evaluation and Selection.
3. Message Execution.
32. 4. MEDIA DECISIONS
The fourth step is to choose the media to carry
the message. The major steps in media selection are
1. Deciding on Reach, Frequency, and Impact.
2. Choosing among major media types.
3. Selecting specific media vehicles.
4. Deciding on media timings.
33. 5. CAMPAIGN EVALUATION
Managers of advertising programs
should regularly evaluate 2 effects of
advertising. They are:
1.Measuring the communication effect.
2.Measuring the sales effect.
