Topo Planner tool is designed to specifically meet the needs of engineers, architects and designers using Autodesk or Bricsys products. Using the easy-to-use, wizard-driven interface, you can import georeferenced raster imagery directly from your favorite mapping server (Google, Bing, ESRI…) into the AutoCAD or BricsCAD drawing.
Thank you very much for using Quadcept.
We are offering the new version 9.3.15 that provides new features, improvements and enhancements for a better development environment and service.
The document discusses block modeling in Surpac software. It begins by defining block modeling and describing Surpac as mine planning software with various modules. It then outlines the objectives of block modeling in Surpac as familiarizing with its block modeling module, learning to fill a block model from drill hole data, apply constraints, and report volume, tonnage and grade. The document proceeds to explain the basic steps involved in block modeling and key concepts like model space, blocks and attributes, constraints, and estimation methods. It includes pictures demonstrating block models, borehole data display, and the Surpac interface. It concludes by providing an example workflow for creating a block model in Surpac.
Creating Shape Models from Complex CAD drawingsRussell Crook
This paper was presented at the 2006 Thermal and Fluids Analysis Workshop TFAWS at University of Maryland. It discribes the latest developments in Astrium Model SystemA and T4STAR model editor
Software tools directly useable for spatial plannersKarel Charvat
The document discusses different tools for spatial planners, with a focus on portal solutions for managing and sharing data. It describes the basic components of a portal including: uploading services to allow standardized and non-standardized data formats; updating services to download, upload, and make online and mobile updates to data; data management tools; visualization tools to view internal and external services; and sharing services to allow internal and external access to data and discovery services. Standardized data formats can be directly uploaded while non-standardized formats require transformation models and repositories.
FRCC MAT050 Ratios and Rates (Section 1.1)cccscoetc
This document discusses ratios and rates. It defines a ratio as comparing two quantities without units, using notation like 7:3. It also discusses defining rates, which include units since the units are different. An example is given of the ratio of instructors to students at FRCC being 2:7. Students are asked to interpret this ratio and calculate the number of students if there are 117 people on campus. The document provides examples of writing ratios and rates in lowest terms and as fractions. Students are assigned textbook and online homework problems related to ratios and rates.
This document provides information about Tanzania in 3 paragraphs. Tanzania has a population of 40.4 million and agriculture accounts for 25% of GDP. Tanzania has experienced high economic growth in recent years led by its growing tourism industry. However, Tanzania faces major development challenges like extreme poverty and low productivity in agriculture. Access to finance, electricity, and doing business are also issues. The document then discusses Tanzania's economy, trade, and relationship with India in more detail.
Tanzania /ˌtænzəˈniːə/,[13] officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south; and the Indian Ocean to the east. Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania.
Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. Tanzania's population of 51.82 million (2014)[14] is diverse, composed of several ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups. Tanzania is a presidential constitutional republic, and since 1996, its official capital has been Dodoma, where the President's Office, the National Assembly, and some government ministries are located.[15] Dar es Salaam, the former capital, retains most government offices and is the country's largest city, principal port, and leading commercial centre.[16][17][18]
European colonialism began in mainland Tanzania during the late 19th century when Germany formed German East Africa, which gave way to British rule following World War I. The mainland was governed as Tanganyika, with the Zanzibar Archipelago remaining a separate colonial jurisdiction. Following their respective independence in 1961 and 1963, the two entities merged in April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania
This power point presentation is about the tradition,culture and the kinds of things made in tanzania . i hope you all would like this ppt . And gfor any new edits please comment below .
The document provides an overview of creating a basic web page using Adobe Dreamweaver. It discusses HTML and XHTML basics and the Dreamweaver workspace. It then demonstrates how to set up a Dreamweaver site, insert tables and images, and edit content and properties to design a sample web page.
Thank you very much for using Quadcept.
We are offering the new version 9.3.15 that provides new features, improvements and enhancements for a better development environment and service.
The document discusses block modeling in Surpac software. It begins by defining block modeling and describing Surpac as mine planning software with various modules. It then outlines the objectives of block modeling in Surpac as familiarizing with its block modeling module, learning to fill a block model from drill hole data, apply constraints, and report volume, tonnage and grade. The document proceeds to explain the basic steps involved in block modeling and key concepts like model space, blocks and attributes, constraints, and estimation methods. It includes pictures demonstrating block models, borehole data display, and the Surpac interface. It concludes by providing an example workflow for creating a block model in Surpac.
Creating Shape Models from Complex CAD drawingsRussell Crook
This paper was presented at the 2006 Thermal and Fluids Analysis Workshop TFAWS at University of Maryland. It discribes the latest developments in Astrium Model SystemA and T4STAR model editor
Software tools directly useable for spatial plannersKarel Charvat
The document discusses different tools for spatial planners, with a focus on portal solutions for managing and sharing data. It describes the basic components of a portal including: uploading services to allow standardized and non-standardized data formats; updating services to download, upload, and make online and mobile updates to data; data management tools; visualization tools to view internal and external services; and sharing services to allow internal and external access to data and discovery services. Standardized data formats can be directly uploaded while non-standardized formats require transformation models and repositories.
FRCC MAT050 Ratios and Rates (Section 1.1)cccscoetc
This document discusses ratios and rates. It defines a ratio as comparing two quantities without units, using notation like 7:3. It also discusses defining rates, which include units since the units are different. An example is given of the ratio of instructors to students at FRCC being 2:7. Students are asked to interpret this ratio and calculate the number of students if there are 117 people on campus. The document provides examples of writing ratios and rates in lowest terms and as fractions. Students are assigned textbook and online homework problems related to ratios and rates.
This document provides information about Tanzania in 3 paragraphs. Tanzania has a population of 40.4 million and agriculture accounts for 25% of GDP. Tanzania has experienced high economic growth in recent years led by its growing tourism industry. However, Tanzania faces major development challenges like extreme poverty and low productivity in agriculture. Access to finance, electricity, and doing business are also issues. The document then discusses Tanzania's economy, trade, and relationship with India in more detail.
Tanzania /ˌtænzəˈniːə/,[13] officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south; and the Indian Ocean to the east. Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania.
Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. Tanzania's population of 51.82 million (2014)[14] is diverse, composed of several ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups. Tanzania is a presidential constitutional republic, and since 1996, its official capital has been Dodoma, where the President's Office, the National Assembly, and some government ministries are located.[15] Dar es Salaam, the former capital, retains most government offices and is the country's largest city, principal port, and leading commercial centre.[16][17][18]
European colonialism began in mainland Tanzania during the late 19th century when Germany formed German East Africa, which gave way to British rule following World War I. The mainland was governed as Tanganyika, with the Zanzibar Archipelago remaining a separate colonial jurisdiction. Following their respective independence in 1961 and 1963, the two entities merged in April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania
This power point presentation is about the tradition,culture and the kinds of things made in tanzania . i hope you all would like this ppt . And gfor any new edits please comment below .
The document provides an overview of creating a basic web page using Adobe Dreamweaver. It discusses HTML and XHTML basics and the Dreamweaver workspace. It then demonstrates how to set up a Dreamweaver site, insert tables and images, and edit content and properties to design a sample web page.
Fertility , age population & age populationMunawar Abbas
This document discusses fertility rates and age population. It defines fertility as the quality of being fertile and measures it using birthrate, fertility rate, reproduction rate, and actual fertility. The total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime if she experienced the fertility rates of her time. Factors that affect fertility rates include biological, social-cultural, and economic determinants. Other factors mentioned are status of women, education, employment, religion, healthcare access, and perceived cost of children. The document also defines working age population as ages 15-64 and age dependency ratio. Finally, it describes an age pyramid as a graphical illustration of the distribution of age groups in a population.
This document defines key vocabulary terms related to population studies:
- Demography is the study of human populations and how they change over time. Other terms defined include population distribution, density, birth and death rates, life expectancy, demographic transition model, population pyramid, replacement rate, and dependency ratio. These concepts are used to analyze and understand population changes and characteristics around the world.
The document compares disparities between rural and urban areas in Tanzania. In rural areas, only 1% of roads are paved, most people lack access to safe water and electricity, and primary education is the highest level achieved for most. In contrast, urban areas have 45% paved roads, over 60% access to electricity, and 17% attain secondary education or higher. Overall, the urban standard of living is significantly higher than in rural villages with fewer opportunities and resources.
Alphorm.com Support de la Formation ARCHICAD 19 - les fondamentauxAlphorm
Formation complète ici :
http://www.alphorm.com/tutoriel/formation-en-ligne-archicad-19-maitrisez-les-fondamentaux
Edité par Graphisoft, ArchiCAD est un logiciel de conception architecturale en 3D de type BIM (Building Information Modeling). ArchiCAD offre la possibilité, en une seule application, de synthétiser toutes les étapes de la construction d'un bâtiment : conception, visualisation, assemblage et interactivités des éléments, sur des plans en 2D ou en 3D.
Avec son concept de Virtual Building, ArchiCAD s'impose aujourd'hui comme un logiciel de BIM très innovant ! Fort d'une interface intuitive et logique, ArchiCAD est le logiciel qu'il vous faut que vous soyez architecte professionnel ou débutant.
Avec cette formation ArchiCAD 19, Alexandre BLONDEAU vous apprendra toutes les notions fondamentales du logiciel d'architecture 3D d'Abvent. Vous apprendrez notamment à créer de A à Z une maquette numérique 3D, à éditer les documents nécessaires à sa construction et à sa communication.
Dans cette formation ArchiCAD 19, vous allez faire le tour des principales nouveautés et améliorations apportées, afin de devenir incontournable en conception architecturale. Alexandre vous détaille les techniques pour créer efficacement des plans et dossiers techniques d’architecture. Vous commencez par les fonctions de bases en 2D, vous passez aux fonctions de création de murs, de dalles, de fenêtres, de portes, de configuration d’escaliers …
A l’issue de cette formation ArchiCAD 19, ce logiciel n'a plus de secret pour vous et vous êtes en mesure de mener à bien tous vos projets architecturaux. Vous serez en mesure de transformer toutes vos idées architecturales en maquette BIM cohérente.
Avec son concept de Virtual Building, ArchiCAD s'impose aujourd'hui comme un logiciel de BIM très innovant ! Fort d'une interface intuitive et logique, ArchiCAD est le logiciel qu'il vous faut que vous soyez architecte professionnel ou débutant.
Avec cette formation ArchiCAD 19, Alexandre BLONDEAU vous apprendra toutes les notions fondamentales du logiciel d'architecture 3D d'Abvent. Vous apprendrez notamment à créer de A à Z une maquette numérique 3D, à éditer les documents nécessaires à sa construction et à sa communication.
Dans cette formation ArchiCAD 19, vous allez faire le tour des principales nouveautés et améliorations apportées, afin de devenir incontournable en conception architecturale. Alexandre vous détaille les techniques pour créer efficacement des plans et dossiers techniques d’architecture. Vous commencez par les fonctions de bases en 2D, vous passez aux fonctions de création de murs, de dalles, de fenêtres, de portes, de configuration d’escaliers …
A l’issue de cette formation ArchiCAD 19, ce logiciel n'a plus de secret pour vous et vous êtes en mesure de mener à bien tous vos projets architecturaux. Vous serez en mesure de transformer toutes vos idées architecturales en maquette BIM cohérente.
Russia is facing a population crisis as birth rates have plummeted and death rates have risen, due to factors like poor prenatal care, smoking, alcoholism, and brain drain. Some solutions that have been tried include financial incentives for having children on Russia Day and for having a second child. Other countries face their own population challenges, with high birth rates linked to poverty in places like the Philippines where contraception is restricted, and low birth rates in aging societies in Japan and parts of Europe due to financial barriers and lack of family support systems. Regional differences within countries are also seen, for example with higher fertility in the southern Indian state of Kerala where women have more autonomy and education compared to northern states with practices like child marriage.
Demography is the statistical study of human populations and encompasses the size, structure, and distribution of populations over time and space in response to births, deaths, and migration. Demographic data can be collected directly from vital records like censuses or birth/death records, or indirectly by surveying samples about topics like fertility rates. The scope of demography includes both macro-level trends like economic issues and population growth, as well as micro-level topics like individual families. A balanced view of demography encompasses factors like population size, composition, distribution, labor forces, and population policies.
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages. Any portion of earth’s surface where physical conditions are homogeneous can be considered as a Region in geographic sense, ranging from a single feature region to compage, depending on the
criteria used for delineation. In practice, a prefix is added to highlight the attributes on which the region has been defined, for example, agriculture region, resource region, city region, planning region.
All the daily activities of human beings are carried out on land. Proper organization of these activities i.e. planning will help the human being in leading a richer and fuller life in livable surroundings or environment. "Planning" means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
Urbanization is defined as the process where more people live in urban areas like towns and cities. The document discusses the rates of urbanization in different countries from 2010-2015. It also examines the challenges of rapid urbanization in South Africa, including housing shortages and the rise of shack settlements. China and India are highlighted as experiencing very fast urbanization currently, with China being more urbanized at 41% compared to India's 29% in 2005. The top causes of urbanization mentioned are opportunities for jobs, education, and transportation that cities provide.
Population and demography are major areas of study for social scientists. A population is defined as a group of individuals occupying a particular place at a given time. Key factors in defining a population are group, place, and time. Population growth impacts issues like housing, food security, and the environment. Demography statistically analyzes population characteristics like size, composition by age and sex, birth and death rates, and immigration. Demographic data is important for policymaking and predicting future trends. Sources of demographic data include censuses, vital statistics like birth and death records, and surveys. Population change is influenced by fertility, mortality, and migration. Population pyramids display the age and sex structure of a population.
Demography is the scientific study of human populations, including their size, composition, and distribution over time and space. It involves the collection and analysis of data about populations and population changes. The main sources of demographic data are population censuses, national sample surveys, and registration of vital events like births and deaths. Demographic data is important for planning health services and programs by providing information about the health status, size, and characteristics of communities. The 2011 Indian census collected data on population size, composition, distribution and socio-economic variables from over 240 million households across India. This data helps the government target benefits and plan development programs.
The document discusses the history, theory, aspects, and practice of urban planning. It begins with definitions of urban planning and discusses its origins in ancient civilizations. It then covers influential urban planning theories and thinkers from Hippodamus to modernists like Howard and Le Corbusier. The document outlines aspects of urban planning like aesthetics, infrastructure, transportation and discusses sustainable practices. It also discusses new master-planned cities and different levels of urban planning from national to municipal. In the end, it discusses impacts of urban planning on happiness, education and criminality.
This document provides an overview of remote sensing through a seminar presented by Ashwathy Babu Paul. It defines remote sensing as obtaining information about an object without physical contact through electromagnetic radiation. It describes the basic components and process of remote sensing systems including energy sources, sensor recording, transmission and processing. Various sensors and platforms are discussed along with advantages and applications in fields like agriculture, natural resource management, national security, geology, meteorology, and more. Challenges are addressed but advantages of remote sensing are said to far outweigh these.
TERMS OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA SOURCES
Demography : study of statistical description and analysis of human population.
Population : summation of all the organism of the same group in a particular geographical area.
Population census : a complete population count at a point in time within a particular area.
Vital registration : registration on live Births, Deaths, Fetal deaths, Marriages, and Divorces.
Sample Survey: representative portion of the population .
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Demographic data is the study of the population its static and dynamic aspects.
Static aspect (age, sex, race etc.)
Dynamic aspect (fertility, morality, migration)
Urbanization refers to the increasing proportion of people living in cities and suburbs. It is closely connected to industrialization, as factories located in cities and drew workers. The main causes of urbanization are the industrial revolution, emergence of large manufacturing centers, job opportunities, and availability of transportation. Chicago's population grew from 15 people in 1820 to over 1.6 million in 1898, reflecting the effects of urbanization. Positive effects include opportunities not available in rural areas and a higher standard of living in cities. However, rapid urbanization also led to issues like overcrowding, lack of sanitation, unemployment, poverty, and increased crime rates.
This document provides an overview of the WSOS software package and its features, including:
- User Defined Curves which allow editing and customizing protection curves
- Automatic Data Retrieval which automatically uploads history files from switchgear on a schedule
- Batch Change for remotely executing setting changes across multiple switchgear simultaneously
- Configurable IOEX and DNP3 for customizing input/output mappings to interface additional equipment and SCADA systems
InnerSoft CAD is a plug-in for AutoCAD that installs a set of productivity tools for Civil and Survey engineering, Counting, Estimating and measurements in construction project budgets. You can:
Export to an Excel Sheet the values of Area/Length property or coordinates for various AutoCAD entities.
Import from an Excel Sheet the vertex coordinates for a set of 2D polylines or 3D polylines (you can choose between 3 different methods). You can also import a set of points from Excel or a set of Texts with an insertion point for each one.
Extract all block definitions of a drawing in individual AutoCAD files (each block definition in a single file).
Sum the area or length property of a set of objects. Sum accumulated distance of a user defined walk in the drawing.
Draw the longitudinal profile of a set of entities from a user defined axis. Triangulate a set of points or mesh a model surface.
Take measurements on AutoCAD for construction project budgets.
Create, open or save different libraries, which contain a series of AutoCAD drawings (*.dxf or *.dwg) organized by books.
http://innersoft.itspanish.org/en/index.htm
Key enhancements were made in AutoCAD around documentation, design, connectivity and customization to help create a better user experience for Autodesk customers. Some of the major updates included enhanced PDFs with searchable text and hyperlinks, improved smart dimensioning and command preview tools, easier coordination modeling between designs, and increased customization options through tools like the exchange app.
Key enhancements were made in AutoCAD around documentation, design, connectivity and customization to help create a better user experience for Autodesk customers. Some of the main updates included improved PDF export options, enhanced smart dimensioning, easier coordination modeling between designs, and customizable preferences and toolbars to fit individual workflows.
Key enhancements were made in AutoCAD around documentation, design, connectivity and customization to help create a better user experience for Autodesk customers. Some of the main updates included improved PDF export options, enhanced smart dimensioning, easier coordination modeling between designs, and customizable preferences and toolbars to fit individual workflows.
Key enhancements were made in AutoCAD around documentation, design, connectivity and customization to help create a better user experience for Autodesk customers. Some of the main updates included improved PDF export options, enhanced smart dimensioning, easier coordination modeling between designs, and customizable preferences and toolbars to fit individual workflows.
Key enhancements were made in AutoCAD around documentation, design, connectivity and customization to help create a better user experience for Autodesk customers. Some of the main updates included improved PDF export options, enhanced smart dimensioning, easier coordination modeling between designs, and customizable preferences and toolbars to fit individual workflows.
Key enhancements were made in AutoCAD around documentation, design, connectivity and customization to help create a better user experience for Autodesk customers. Some of the main updates included improved PDF export options, enhanced smart dimensioning, easier coordination modeling between designs, and customizable preferences and toolbars to fit individual workflows.
Fertility , age population & age populationMunawar Abbas
This document discusses fertility rates and age population. It defines fertility as the quality of being fertile and measures it using birthrate, fertility rate, reproduction rate, and actual fertility. The total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime if she experienced the fertility rates of her time. Factors that affect fertility rates include biological, social-cultural, and economic determinants. Other factors mentioned are status of women, education, employment, religion, healthcare access, and perceived cost of children. The document also defines working age population as ages 15-64 and age dependency ratio. Finally, it describes an age pyramid as a graphical illustration of the distribution of age groups in a population.
This document defines key vocabulary terms related to population studies:
- Demography is the study of human populations and how they change over time. Other terms defined include population distribution, density, birth and death rates, life expectancy, demographic transition model, population pyramid, replacement rate, and dependency ratio. These concepts are used to analyze and understand population changes and characteristics around the world.
The document compares disparities between rural and urban areas in Tanzania. In rural areas, only 1% of roads are paved, most people lack access to safe water and electricity, and primary education is the highest level achieved for most. In contrast, urban areas have 45% paved roads, over 60% access to electricity, and 17% attain secondary education or higher. Overall, the urban standard of living is significantly higher than in rural villages with fewer opportunities and resources.
Alphorm.com Support de la Formation ARCHICAD 19 - les fondamentauxAlphorm
Formation complète ici :
http://www.alphorm.com/tutoriel/formation-en-ligne-archicad-19-maitrisez-les-fondamentaux
Edité par Graphisoft, ArchiCAD est un logiciel de conception architecturale en 3D de type BIM (Building Information Modeling). ArchiCAD offre la possibilité, en une seule application, de synthétiser toutes les étapes de la construction d'un bâtiment : conception, visualisation, assemblage et interactivités des éléments, sur des plans en 2D ou en 3D.
Avec son concept de Virtual Building, ArchiCAD s'impose aujourd'hui comme un logiciel de BIM très innovant ! Fort d'une interface intuitive et logique, ArchiCAD est le logiciel qu'il vous faut que vous soyez architecte professionnel ou débutant.
Avec cette formation ArchiCAD 19, Alexandre BLONDEAU vous apprendra toutes les notions fondamentales du logiciel d'architecture 3D d'Abvent. Vous apprendrez notamment à créer de A à Z une maquette numérique 3D, à éditer les documents nécessaires à sa construction et à sa communication.
Dans cette formation ArchiCAD 19, vous allez faire le tour des principales nouveautés et améliorations apportées, afin de devenir incontournable en conception architecturale. Alexandre vous détaille les techniques pour créer efficacement des plans et dossiers techniques d’architecture. Vous commencez par les fonctions de bases en 2D, vous passez aux fonctions de création de murs, de dalles, de fenêtres, de portes, de configuration d’escaliers …
A l’issue de cette formation ArchiCAD 19, ce logiciel n'a plus de secret pour vous et vous êtes en mesure de mener à bien tous vos projets architecturaux. Vous serez en mesure de transformer toutes vos idées architecturales en maquette BIM cohérente.
Avec son concept de Virtual Building, ArchiCAD s'impose aujourd'hui comme un logiciel de BIM très innovant ! Fort d'une interface intuitive et logique, ArchiCAD est le logiciel qu'il vous faut que vous soyez architecte professionnel ou débutant.
Avec cette formation ArchiCAD 19, Alexandre BLONDEAU vous apprendra toutes les notions fondamentales du logiciel d'architecture 3D d'Abvent. Vous apprendrez notamment à créer de A à Z une maquette numérique 3D, à éditer les documents nécessaires à sa construction et à sa communication.
Dans cette formation ArchiCAD 19, vous allez faire le tour des principales nouveautés et améliorations apportées, afin de devenir incontournable en conception architecturale. Alexandre vous détaille les techniques pour créer efficacement des plans et dossiers techniques d’architecture. Vous commencez par les fonctions de bases en 2D, vous passez aux fonctions de création de murs, de dalles, de fenêtres, de portes, de configuration d’escaliers …
A l’issue de cette formation ArchiCAD 19, ce logiciel n'a plus de secret pour vous et vous êtes en mesure de mener à bien tous vos projets architecturaux. Vous serez en mesure de transformer toutes vos idées architecturales en maquette BIM cohérente.
Russia is facing a population crisis as birth rates have plummeted and death rates have risen, due to factors like poor prenatal care, smoking, alcoholism, and brain drain. Some solutions that have been tried include financial incentives for having children on Russia Day and for having a second child. Other countries face their own population challenges, with high birth rates linked to poverty in places like the Philippines where contraception is restricted, and low birth rates in aging societies in Japan and parts of Europe due to financial barriers and lack of family support systems. Regional differences within countries are also seen, for example with higher fertility in the southern Indian state of Kerala where women have more autonomy and education compared to northern states with practices like child marriage.
Demography is the statistical study of human populations and encompasses the size, structure, and distribution of populations over time and space in response to births, deaths, and migration. Demographic data can be collected directly from vital records like censuses or birth/death records, or indirectly by surveying samples about topics like fertility rates. The scope of demography includes both macro-level trends like economic issues and population growth, as well as micro-level topics like individual families. A balanced view of demography encompasses factors like population size, composition, distribution, labor forces, and population policies.
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages. Any portion of earth’s surface where physical conditions are homogeneous can be considered as a Region in geographic sense, ranging from a single feature region to compage, depending on the
criteria used for delineation. In practice, a prefix is added to highlight the attributes on which the region has been defined, for example, agriculture region, resource region, city region, planning region.
All the daily activities of human beings are carried out on land. Proper organization of these activities i.e. planning will help the human being in leading a richer and fuller life in livable surroundings or environment. "Planning" means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
Urbanization is defined as the process where more people live in urban areas like towns and cities. The document discusses the rates of urbanization in different countries from 2010-2015. It also examines the challenges of rapid urbanization in South Africa, including housing shortages and the rise of shack settlements. China and India are highlighted as experiencing very fast urbanization currently, with China being more urbanized at 41% compared to India's 29% in 2005. The top causes of urbanization mentioned are opportunities for jobs, education, and transportation that cities provide.
Population and demography are major areas of study for social scientists. A population is defined as a group of individuals occupying a particular place at a given time. Key factors in defining a population are group, place, and time. Population growth impacts issues like housing, food security, and the environment. Demography statistically analyzes population characteristics like size, composition by age and sex, birth and death rates, and immigration. Demographic data is important for policymaking and predicting future trends. Sources of demographic data include censuses, vital statistics like birth and death records, and surveys. Population change is influenced by fertility, mortality, and migration. Population pyramids display the age and sex structure of a population.
Demography is the scientific study of human populations, including their size, composition, and distribution over time and space. It involves the collection and analysis of data about populations and population changes. The main sources of demographic data are population censuses, national sample surveys, and registration of vital events like births and deaths. Demographic data is important for planning health services and programs by providing information about the health status, size, and characteristics of communities. The 2011 Indian census collected data on population size, composition, distribution and socio-economic variables from over 240 million households across India. This data helps the government target benefits and plan development programs.
The document discusses the history, theory, aspects, and practice of urban planning. It begins with definitions of urban planning and discusses its origins in ancient civilizations. It then covers influential urban planning theories and thinkers from Hippodamus to modernists like Howard and Le Corbusier. The document outlines aspects of urban planning like aesthetics, infrastructure, transportation and discusses sustainable practices. It also discusses new master-planned cities and different levels of urban planning from national to municipal. In the end, it discusses impacts of urban planning on happiness, education and criminality.
This document provides an overview of remote sensing through a seminar presented by Ashwathy Babu Paul. It defines remote sensing as obtaining information about an object without physical contact through electromagnetic radiation. It describes the basic components and process of remote sensing systems including energy sources, sensor recording, transmission and processing. Various sensors and platforms are discussed along with advantages and applications in fields like agriculture, natural resource management, national security, geology, meteorology, and more. Challenges are addressed but advantages of remote sensing are said to far outweigh these.
TERMS OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA SOURCES
Demography : study of statistical description and analysis of human population.
Population : summation of all the organism of the same group in a particular geographical area.
Population census : a complete population count at a point in time within a particular area.
Vital registration : registration on live Births, Deaths, Fetal deaths, Marriages, and Divorces.
Sample Survey: representative portion of the population .
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Demographic data is the study of the population its static and dynamic aspects.
Static aspect (age, sex, race etc.)
Dynamic aspect (fertility, morality, migration)
Urbanization refers to the increasing proportion of people living in cities and suburbs. It is closely connected to industrialization, as factories located in cities and drew workers. The main causes of urbanization are the industrial revolution, emergence of large manufacturing centers, job opportunities, and availability of transportation. Chicago's population grew from 15 people in 1820 to over 1.6 million in 1898, reflecting the effects of urbanization. Positive effects include opportunities not available in rural areas and a higher standard of living in cities. However, rapid urbanization also led to issues like overcrowding, lack of sanitation, unemployment, poverty, and increased crime rates.
This document provides an overview of the WSOS software package and its features, including:
- User Defined Curves which allow editing and customizing protection curves
- Automatic Data Retrieval which automatically uploads history files from switchgear on a schedule
- Batch Change for remotely executing setting changes across multiple switchgear simultaneously
- Configurable IOEX and DNP3 for customizing input/output mappings to interface additional equipment and SCADA systems
InnerSoft CAD is a plug-in for AutoCAD that installs a set of productivity tools for Civil and Survey engineering, Counting, Estimating and measurements in construction project budgets. You can:
Export to an Excel Sheet the values of Area/Length property or coordinates for various AutoCAD entities.
Import from an Excel Sheet the vertex coordinates for a set of 2D polylines or 3D polylines (you can choose between 3 different methods). You can also import a set of points from Excel or a set of Texts with an insertion point for each one.
Extract all block definitions of a drawing in individual AutoCAD files (each block definition in a single file).
Sum the area or length property of a set of objects. Sum accumulated distance of a user defined walk in the drawing.
Draw the longitudinal profile of a set of entities from a user defined axis. Triangulate a set of points or mesh a model surface.
Take measurements on AutoCAD for construction project budgets.
Create, open or save different libraries, which contain a series of AutoCAD drawings (*.dxf or *.dwg) organized by books.
http://innersoft.itspanish.org/en/index.htm
Key enhancements were made in AutoCAD around documentation, design, connectivity and customization to help create a better user experience for Autodesk customers. Some of the major updates included enhanced PDFs with searchable text and hyperlinks, improved smart dimensioning and command preview tools, easier coordination modeling between designs, and increased customization options through tools like the exchange app.
Key enhancements were made in AutoCAD around documentation, design, connectivity and customization to help create a better user experience for Autodesk customers. Some of the main updates included improved PDF export options, enhanced smart dimensioning, easier coordination modeling between designs, and customizable preferences and toolbars to fit individual workflows.
Key enhancements were made in AutoCAD around documentation, design, connectivity and customization to help create a better user experience for Autodesk customers. Some of the main updates included improved PDF export options, enhanced smart dimensioning, easier coordination modeling between designs, and customizable preferences and toolbars to fit individual workflows.
Key enhancements were made in AutoCAD around documentation, design, connectivity and customization to help create a better user experience for Autodesk customers. Some of the main updates included improved PDF export options, enhanced smart dimensioning, easier coordination modeling between designs, and customizable preferences and toolbars to fit individual workflows.
Key enhancements were made in AutoCAD around documentation, design, connectivity and customization to help create a better user experience for Autodesk customers. Some of the main updates included improved PDF export options, enhanced smart dimensioning, easier coordination modeling between designs, and customizable preferences and toolbars to fit individual workflows.
Key enhancements were made in AutoCAD around documentation, design, connectivity and customization to help create a better user experience for Autodesk customers. Some of the main updates included improved PDF export options, enhanced smart dimensioning, easier coordination modeling between designs, and customizable preferences and toolbars to fit individual workflows.
AutoCAD LT 2D CAD software is the perfect solution for designers and drafters who want an easy-to-use tool for creating drawings faster and with more precision. Cost-effective 2D CAD software for drafting, drawing and documentation. Cost-effective 2D CAD software for drafting, drawing and documentation.
by Ben Willett, Solutions Architect, AWS
Database Week at the AWS Loft is an opportunity to learn about Amazon’s broad and deep family of managed database services. These services provide easy, scalable, reliable, and cost-effective ways to manage your data in the cloud. We explain the fundamentals and take a technical deep dive into Amazon RDS and Amazon Aurora relational databases, Amazon DynamoDB non-relational databases, Amazon Neptune graph databases, and Amazon ElastiCache managed Redis, along with options for database migration, caching, search and more. You'll will learn how to get started, how to support applications, and how to scale.
Customizable Embedded 3D Surround View Turn-Key Solution on Apalis iMX6 SoMToradex
Toradex's partner TES Electronic Solutions GmbH presents a customizable 3D Surround View Turn-Key solution based on the Toradex Apalis iMX6 SoM that can be quickly adapted concerning the specific requirements of the targeted vehicle. Read more in their guest blog post here: https://www.toradex.com/blog/customizable-embedded-3d-surround-view-turn-key-solution-apalis-imx6-som
Thank you very much for using Quadcept. We are offering the new version 10.3.0 that provides new features, improvements and enhancements for a better development environment and service.
AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design software used widely around the world. It was first released in 1982 and has since seen 29 generations of updates. The software allows users to design in both 2D and 3D across industries like architecture, engineering, and construction. AutoCAD has various tools and commands to aid in tasks like drafting, 3D modeling, annotation, and sharing designs through tools like layouts and exporting to PDF. It also provides preset workspaces tailored for functions like 3D modeling versus 2D drafting. Users can customize settings, properties, and more to control how they design within the AutoCAD interface.
It is required that after the course study
you should:
Have a general concept about DT
Master Panorama DT operation
Master Panorama data analysis
Chapter 1 DT Introduction
Chapter 2 Panorama DT Introduction
Chapter 3 Panorama DT Data Analysis
Collect System Air interface data
Analyze Air interface data
Assist Export Analysis report
Qualcom CAIT
CDMA Air Interface Tester
WILL TECH DM2K/Pecker
Pecker Navigator, Pecker Analyzer
Panorama
Qualcom CAIT
CDMA Air Interface Tester
WILL TECH DM2K/Pecker
Pecker Navigator, Pecker Analyzer
Panorama
Basic information about Auto-CAD, its uses and application in engineering. Short keys to handle auto-CAD software. This software used in building designing and drawing works.
This manual contains instructions on how to print to file
from different versions of Autocad and Microstation.
Our software development engineers are permanently
improving the drivers we supply with our products. We
recommend that you regularly visit our Web site
(http://www.oce.com) and consult the Download/Wide
Format Printer Drivers section for downloading the most
up-to-date version of the drivers and getting started information
Cst training core module - antenna - (2)Marina Natsir
This document provides an overview of CST Studio Suite, a 3D electromagnetic simulation software. It discusses CST's history and products. It also outlines the software's modeling tools like shapes, curves, and boolean operations. Solvers for time and frequency domain simulations are introduced. Finally, the document describes help resources like documentation, tutorials, and customer support.
The document is a presentation by Naksha Tech Pvt. Ltd. on 3D modeling. It discusses laser scanning as a process to capture 3D surface data of objects using a laser and camera. It then outlines Naksha Tech's 3D modeling workflow including pre-processing captured point cloud data, producing 3D models, quality control checks, and output delivery in formats like AutoCAD, Revit, and Cyclone. Examples of 3D modeling projects are also shown for buildings, industrial facilities, oil and gas plants, and more.
A- LES CONCEPTS
Comprehension du bim.
Travailler dans différentes vues.
Classement et hierarchie des éléments dans Revit.
B-L'ENVIRONNEMENT DE TRAVAIL
Page des fichiers rescents et grand R.
Le ruban.
Fenêtre des propriétés.
Explorateur du projet.
Navigation dans un modèle.(zoom, rotation et panoramique).
Selection des objets, et verouillage.
C-DEMARRAGE D'UN PROJET.
Les gabarits.
Travail collaboratif.
Configuration d'un nouveau projet.
Manipulation des niveaux.
Manipulation des files de projet.
Utilisation des cotes temporaires.
C- MODELISATION PAR OBJETS:
Ajout des murs.
Propriété et type de murs.
Utilisation des accroches.
Ajouts de poteaux et poutres.
Ajout de portes et fenêtres.
Ajout d'élements de plomberie et d'électricité.
Utilisation de la jonction entre murs.
Utilisation des contraintes.
D- LIENS, IMPORTS ET GROUPES:
Lier fichiers DWG/DXF/SKP
Création de topogrpahie d'un site à partir d'un fichier.
Création et gestion des groupes.
Création et gestion des liens Revit.
Utilisation du partage d'emplacement.
E- MODELISATION PAR ESQUISSE:
Sols., toits et plafonds.
Toit par extrusion.
Ouvertures.
F-ESCALIERS.
Edition avancée d'escalier.
Edition avancée de gardes corps.
G- EDITION AVANCEE DES MURS:
Création d'un nouveau type de murs..
Création et gestion des murs empilés.
Création et gestion des murs rideaux.
.
H- GESTION DES GRAPHISMES:
Gestion du style des objets.
Gestion du remplacement de la visibilité et du graphisme des éléments.
Création et application des gabarits de vue.
Cacher et isoler les éléments.
Cadrage de la vue.
Plage de vue et entendues.
Vue isométrique d'une selection.
Option d'affichage des graphismes.
I- PIECES:
Création et gestion des pièces.
J- NOMENCLATURE ET ETIQUETTES:
Gestion des étiquettes.
Création et gestion des nomenclatures.
Modification des nomenclatures.
Enrichissement des VCCTP par les nomenclatures.
K-ANNOTATIONS.
Textes.
Dimensions
Symboles.
Légendes.
Détails.
Définir ses annotations.
L- PARAMETRIQUE ET FAMILLES
Utilisation des paramètres en mode projet.
Concept de famille.
Création d'une famille.
Utilisation des contraintes.
Utilisation des formes solides.
M- FEUILLE, IMPRESSION, PUBLICATION:
Création d'une feuille d'impression.
Export CAO.
Publication.
Impression PDF.
N- TRUCS ET ASTUCES.
A découvrir en formation.
toyota-Challenges towards New Software Platform for Automated Driving.pdfxmumiao
The document discusses challenges in developing new software platforms for automated driving and high computational ECUs. It summarizes Toyota's evolution of their E/E architecture and use of AUTOSAR software platforms. For future systems like automated driving, a central and zone-based architecture is proposed to improve efficiency. Virtual technologies will be important for verifying these complex systems, and software platforms will need to support consistent functionality across development environments and mass production hardware. Collaboration between automakers and suppliers will also be key.
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
From Natural Language to Structured Solr Queries using LLMsSease
This talk draws on experimentation to enable AI applications with Solr. One important use case is to use AI for better accessibility and discoverability of the data: while User eXperience techniques, lexical search improvements, and data harmonization can take organizations to a good level of accessibility, a structural (or “cognitive” gap) remains between the data user needs and the data producer constraints.
That is where AI – and most importantly, Natural Language Processing and Large Language Model techniques – could make a difference. This natural language, conversational engine could facilitate access and usage of the data leveraging the semantics of any data source.
The objective of the presentation is to propose a technical approach and a way forward to achieve this goal.
The key concept is to enable users to express their search queries in natural language, which the LLM then enriches, interprets, and translates into structured queries based on the Solr index’s metadata.
This approach leverages the LLM’s ability to understand the nuances of natural language and the structure of documents within Apache Solr.
The LLM acts as an intermediary agent, offering a transparent experience to users automatically and potentially uncovering relevant documents that conventional search methods might overlook. The presentation will include the results of this experimental work, lessons learned, best practices, and the scope of future work that should improve the approach and make it production-ready.
Getting the Most Out of ScyllaDB Monitoring: ShareChat's TipsScyllaDB
ScyllaDB monitoring provides a lot of useful information. But sometimes it’s not easy to find the root of the problem if something is wrong or even estimate the remaining capacity by the load on the cluster. This talk shares our team's practical tips on: 1) How to find the root of the problem by metrics if ScyllaDB is slow 2) How to interpret the load and plan capacity for the future 3) Compaction strategies and how to choose the right one 4) Important metrics which aren’t available in the default monitoring setup.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Introducing BoxLang : A new JVM language for productivity and modularity!Ortus Solutions, Corp
Just like life, our code must adapt to the ever changing world we live in. From one day coding for the web, to the next for our tablets or APIs or for running serverless applications. Multi-runtime development is the future of coding, the future is to be dynamic. Let us introduce you to BoxLang.
Dynamic. Modular. Productive.
BoxLang redefines development with its dynamic nature, empowering developers to craft expressive and functional code effortlessly. Its modular architecture prioritizes flexibility, allowing for seamless integration into existing ecosystems.
Interoperability at its Core
With 100% interoperability with Java, BoxLang seamlessly bridges the gap between traditional and modern development paradigms, unlocking new possibilities for innovation and collaboration.
Multi-Runtime
From the tiny 2m operating system binary to running on our pure Java web server, CommandBox, Jakarta EE, AWS Lambda, Microsoft Functions, Web Assembly, Android and more. BoxLang has been designed to enhance and adapt according to it's runnable runtime.
The Fusion of Modernity and Tradition
Experience the fusion of modern features inspired by CFML, Node, Ruby, Kotlin, Java, and Clojure, combined with the familiarity of Java bytecode compilation, making BoxLang a language of choice for forward-thinking developers.
Empowering Transition with Transpiler Support
Transitioning from CFML to BoxLang is seamless with our JIT transpiler, facilitating smooth migration and preserving existing code investments.
Unlocking Creativity with IDE Tools
Unleash your creativity with powerful IDE tools tailored for BoxLang, providing an intuitive development experience and streamlining your workflow. Join us as we embark on a journey to redefine JVM development. Welcome to the era of BoxLang.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Northern Engraving | Modern Metal Trim, Nameplates and Appliance PanelsNorthern Engraving
What began over 115 years ago as a supplier of precision gauges to the automotive industry has evolved into being an industry leader in the manufacture of product branding, automotive cockpit trim and decorative appliance trim. Value-added services include in-house Design, Engineering, Program Management, Test Lab and Tool Shops.
"NATO Hackathon Winner: AI-Powered Drug Search", Taras KlobaFwdays
This is a session that details how PostgreSQL's features and Azure AI Services can be effectively used to significantly enhance the search functionality in any application.
In this session, we'll share insights on how we used PostgreSQL to facilitate precise searches across multiple fields in our mobile application. The techniques include using LIKE and ILIKE operators and integrating a trigram-based search to handle potential misspellings, thereby increasing the search accuracy.
We'll also discuss how the azure_ai extension on PostgreSQL databases in Azure and Azure AI Services were utilized to create vectors from user input, a feature beneficial when users wish to find specific items based on text prompts. While our application's case study involves a drug search, the techniques and principles shared in this session can be adapted to improve search functionality in a wide range of applications. Join us to learn how PostgreSQL and Azure AI can be harnessed to enhance your application's search capability.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
2. Table Of Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................3
Installation.............................................................................................................................3
System Requirements .........................................................................................................3
Software Requirements ..................................................................................................3
Hardware Requirements.................................................................................................3
Standard Installation ..........................................................................................................3
Customizing Default Settings ..............................................................................................4
Internet Proxy Settings ...................................................................................................4
Spatial Reference System Settings ..................................................................................4
Units Of Measure Settings ..............................................................................................4
Importing Maps .....................................................................................................................5
Specifying Area Of Interest .................................................................................................5
Rectangular Region.........................................................................................................5
Selecting Closed Contour ...............................................................................................5
Picking Inside A Closed Contour......................................................................................6
Mosaicking Multiple Images ...........................................................................................6
Specifying Map Type...........................................................................................................8
Common Map Types.......................................................................................................8
Selecting Spatial Reference System.....................................................................................9
Spatial Reference System.............................................................................................. 10
Coordinate Transformation .......................................................................................... 10
Raster Imagery Postprocessing ......................................................................................... 10
Image Interpolation ...................................................................................................... 10
Image Smoothing.......................................................................................................... 12
Image Color Adjustment ............................................................................................... 13
Image Drawing Order ................................................................................................... 13
Specifying Resulting Imagery Path .................................................................................... 13
Supported Image Formats ............................................................................................ 14
Image Compression ...................................................................................................... 15
Image Path Type ........................................................................................................... 15
Image Georeferencing File ............................................................................................ 16
Imported Raster Imagery.................................................................................................. 17
Image Layer .................................................................................................................. 17
Image Properties .......................................................................................................... 18
Image Reactors............................................................................................................. 18
Raster Imagery Cache ..........................................................................................................18
Supported Map Providers and Types...................................................................................19
2
3. Introduction
TopoPlanner tool is designed to specifically meet the needs of Engineers, Architects and
Designers using Autodesk or Bricsys products. Using the easy-to-use, wizard-driven interface,
you can import georeferenced1 raster imagery directly from your favourite mapping server
(Google, Bing, ESRI...) into the AutoCAD or BricsCAD drawing.
Unlike similar products available on the market, TopoPlanner does not require Google Earth
nor other 3rd party applications installed on the local computer to be able to access raster
maps or related spatial information. It also minimizes the Internet bandwidth by caching
previously fetched raster imagery in several different ways. Moreover, TopoPlanner does not
rely on AutoCAD Map's spatial reference system library but rather uses its own SRS
management, thus providing much precise coordinate transformation results.
Installation
System Requirements
Before running installation, please be sure that your workstation fulfills minimum software
and hardware requirements as described below.
Software Requirements
§
§
Supported operating systems (both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures):
- Microsoft Windows XP SP3
- Microsoft Windows Vista
- Microsoft Windows 7
- Microsoft Windows 8
Supported host platforms:
- Autodesk AutoCAD 2010-2013
- Autodesk AutoCAD Architectural 2010-2013
- Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D 2010-2013
- Autodesk AutoCAD Map 3D 2010-2013
- Bricsys BricsCAD v13
Hardware Requirements
TopoPlanner minimum hardware requirements adher to underlying Autodesk's or Bricsys'
platform minimum hardware requirements. Internet connection is needed if there's no
centralized raster imagery database.
Standard Installation
To be able to run TopoPlanner installer procedure, Windows user needs to have elevated
(i.e. administrative) privileges. Otherwise, user needs to log on to a system as a Power User
or Administrator to be able to run the installation. Each user has its own set of application
settings, which corresponds to Microsoft's general software installation policy.
1
Georeferencing is the process of associating the scale and position of imported geometry with a particular
location on the earth's surface, along with orienting the geometry's DWG representation to a particular
direction relative to North.
3
4. Customizing Default Settings
Once TopoPlanner is installed, run Autodesk platform to set the tool's default settings. All
TopoPlanner settings can be reached via standard AutoCAD's OPTIONS command, then
navigate far right to the VNS Spatial Data Center tab.
Internet Proxy Settings
In case TopoPlanner needs to turn to the Internet to fetch the requested data, and your
organization uses specific Proxy server used by HTTP protocol to access the Internet, it's
necessary to provide such settings using Options dialog:
Spatial Reference System Settings
It's suggested that you create default
spatial reference system (SRS) or
coordinate reference system (CRS).
Otherwise you'll be forced to pick
target spatial reference system during
each run of TopoPlanner wizard, as
explained in Chapter "Selecting
Spatial Reference System".
Please note: for Belgium you must
choose "Belgium (Lambert 72/2008)",
and for Netherlands you must choose
"Netherlands (Rijksdriehoeksstelsel)".
Units Of Measure Settings
It's also suggested that you specify
units of measure being used for linear
(length, depth, height...) and angular
(angle, bearing...) measurements.
Precision option represents display
precision (the way measure values are
displayed on screen) not computed
numerical precision.
These settings are independent of and
may differ from AutoCAD's own units
setting like UNITS, or INSUNITS, or
any other system variable.
4
5. Importing Maps
Importing georeferenced mapping raster imagery into the active AutoCAD/BricsCAD drawing
is being performed by means of few simple wizard-driven steps. The primary use of this
wizard is to bring an image into the DWG and adjust the position of the image relative to
your model such that the model will lie in the proper scale and position on the earth's
surface. The command for running map import operation is TOPOMAP.
Specifying Area Of Interest
Once the command is issued at the AutoCAD/BricsCAD command line, you are asked to
define the area of interest:
Specify first corner point or [Select/Inside/Mosaic]:
Specified area is displayed using red dashed lines on the screen. Based on your preferences
and available reference objects, TopoPlanner provides following ways of defining area of
interest:
§
§
§
§
Selecting rectangular region
Selecting closed contour
Picking inside a closed contour
Mosaicking multiple images along the path
Rectangular Region
This is default area selection mode. You are asked to pick first and second corner points of a
rectangle representing area of interest:
Selected area
Resulting image
Selecting Closed Contour
By entering Select keyword you are asked to select a single closed contour object – either
polyline or polygon. Outer boundary of selected polygon represents the clipping boundary of
resulting raster image:
5
6. Selected area
Resulting image
Picking Inside A Closed Contour
By entering Inside keyword you are asked to pick a point inside closed contour. This
option is used if there's no single object constituting region of interest. Outer boundary of
resulting polygon, if any, represents the clipping boundary of resulting raster image.
Mosaicking Multiple Images
By entering Mosaic keyword you are asked to firstly select one or more objects constituting
either sites (polygons, regions) or bands along linear corridors (roads, highways, railroads,
canals, rivers etc.):
Select objects or [LAYer/BLock/Object/CLass/SPatial/ALL/Previous/Undo]:
Deault selection mode enables you freely select one or more objects in the drawing, but you
can also pick different selection methods. Following table describes each of the above
selection keywords, in addition to standard AutoCAD or BricsCAD selection methods:
Keyword
LAYer
BLock
Object
CLass
SPatial
ALL
Description
Selects all objects on specified layer. You can specify layer name either
by picking an object residing on it, or typing in layer name using list of
existing layers.
Selects all specified block references in the drawing. You can specify
block name either by picking a block entity, or typing in block name using
list of existing blocks.
Selects all entities of specified type (e.g. Line, Polyline, Point, etc.). You
can specify object type either by picking desired object in a drawing, or
typing in object name using list of existing entity types.
Selects all objects of specified feature class. You can specify feature class
name either by picking an object representing one, or typing in feature
class name using list of existing classes.
Selects all objects in a drawing satisfying specified spatial constraint.
Selects all objects in active drawing. Please bear in mind that objects on
frozen layers are ignored and therefore not selected, whereas objects on
layers that are off are selected.
6
7. Previous
Undo
Window
Crossing
Last
Fence
WPolygon
CPolygon
Remove
Reuses previous selection set.
Undoes last selection addition (if any).
Select by window. Using window, objects must lie completely within the
window boundary to be selected.
Select by crossing window. Contrast to select by window, objects either
within the window or crossed by the boundary are selected.
Selects the last entity drawn from the objects currently visible (if any).
Select by fence. Fence selects all objects crossing specified polyline.
Select by window polygon. Objects must lie completely within the
specified polygonal boundary to be selected.
Select by crossing window polygon. Objects either within the specified
polygonal boundary or crossed by the boundary are selected.
Removes specified objects from the current selection set.
After you select objects of interest, wizard asks you specify buffer distance:
Specify object(s) buffer <5.0000>:
Provided distance (expressed in current linear units2) represents a polygonal buffer distance
constructed around selected objects. It ensures that all objects from selection set get
properly covered by the resulting raster imagery. Please note that larger buffer values also
may result in raster tiles further away from selected objects (e.g. tiles that don't cover any of
the objects, which you can manually delete later). Next, wizard asks you to:
Specify image width <50.0000>:
Specify image height <50.0000>:
Provided image width and height (expressed in current linear units) represent size of a single
raster image tile rectangle in the drawing. Please note that model space, not paper space,
measures should be used. Resulting tile set may look like following:
Selected area/tiles
2
Resulting image tiles
For setting default units of measure please see Chapter "Units Of Measure Settings".
7
8. Specifying Map Type
During this step you need to specify map provider, provider's map type and map scale.
Please note that not all maps support all scale ranges as there's providers serving only large
scale mapping material (e.g. map scales up to 14). Moving scale slider provides feedback of
actual size of pixel on selected map scale.
Also, try to keep scale range suitable to actual map's purpose. Downloading map data on
maximum zoom scale for large area may take lots of time and may result in large image files.
Common Map Types
There are "common" sets of map types provided by most map vendors:
Standard (road) map
Map labels
Satellite map
Hybrid map (satellite + labels)
8
9. Selecting Spatial Reference System
During this wizard step the Source spatial reference system represents picked map's spatial
reference system (which can't be changed since it's defined by map vendor), while Target
spatial reference system represents your drawing's spatial reference system and should
reflect it precisely. Most map providers serve raster imagery using WGS84 projection:
Initially, you're offered default3 target spatial reference system, but you can change it by
clicking on button next to the target spatial reference system name:
Picking target (drawing) SRS is performed using Coordinate Reference System dialog, where
you need to select region/country and one of the associated coordinate reference systems.
SRS naming equals to naming provided by AutoCAD Map 3D. You can also identify target SRS
by its EPSG4 code. But unlike Autodesk's or similar software packages, TopoPlanner uses
3
For more info on setting default drawing SRS please see Chapter "Setting Default Spatial Reference System".
European Petroleum Survey Group or EPSG, a scientific organization with ties to the European petroleum
industry consisting of specialists working in applied geodesy, surveying, and cartography related to oil
exploration.
4
9
10. both globally available and custom-tailored functions for coordinate transformations. One of
the examples is using specialized Belgian National Geographic Institute's (IGN) libraries for
processing coordinate transformations from and to Lambert conformal conic projection used
throughout Belgium, thus making final result much precise.
Spatial Reference System
A spatial reference system (SRS) or coordinate reference system (CRS) is a coordinate-based
local, regional or global system used to locate geographical entities. A spatial reference
system defines a specific map projection, as well as transformations between different
spatial reference systems.
Coordinate Transformation
Coordinate transformation is a method that converts the spherical coordinates of the Earth
representing latitude and longitude into AutoCAD/BricsCAD drawing's Cartesian coordinate
system, and accounts for the curvature of the surface of the Earth with a projection. A
coordinate system is usually defined by a projection, an ellipsoid definition, a datum
definition, one or more standard parallels, and a central meridian.
Raster Imagery Postprocessing
This wizard step defines raster image tile processing, before stitching them together into the
final image:
Image Interpolation
Image interpolation occurs in all imported raster imagery at some stage — whether this be in
raster tile stitching or in raster scaling. It happens while TopoPlanner resizes (scales) or
remaps (distorts) imported image from one pixel grid to another. Image resizing is necessary
when you need to increase or decrease the total number of pixels, whereas remapping can
occur under a wider variety of scenarios. There's following image interpolation modes
(algorithms) available:
§
§
§
Default
Low
High
10
11. §
§
§
§
§
Bilinear
Bicubic
Nearest Neighbor
High Quality Bilinear
High Quality Bicubic
Even if the same image resize or remap is performed, the results can vary significantly
depending on the interpolation algorithm. It is only an approximation, therefore an image
will always lose some quality each time interpolation is performed. Image interpolation
works in two directions, and tries to achieve a best approximation of a pixel's color and
intensity based on the values at surrounding pixels. The following example illustrates how
resizing / enlargement works:
2D Interpolation →
183%
Original
Before
After
No Interpolation
Most popular interpolation algorithms are explained below, on the square [0,3] X [0,3]
consisting of 9 unit squares patched together. Colour indicates function value. The black dots
are the locations of the prescribed data being interpolated:
Nearest Neighbor Interpolation also known as
proximal interpolation or, in some contexts, point
sampling) is a simple method of multivariate
interpolation in one or more dimensions. It is the
most basic interpolation method and requires the
least processing time of all the interpolation
algorithms because it only considers one pixel — the
closest one to the interpolated point. This has the
effect of simply making each pixel bigger.
Bilinear Interpolation considers the closest 2x2
neighborhood of known pixel values surrounding the
unknown pixel. It then takes a weighted average of
these 4 pixels to arrive at its final interpolated value.
The key idea is to perform linear interpolation first in
one direction, and then again in the other direction.
Although each step is linear in the sampled values and
in the position, the interpolation as a whole is not
linear but rather quadratic in the sample location. This
results in much smoother looking images than nearest
neighbor.
11
12. Bicubic Interpolation goes one step beyond bilinear
by considering the closest 4x4 neighborhood of
known pixels — for a total of 16 pixels. Since these are
at various distances from the unknown pixel, closer
pixels are given a higher weighting in the calculation.
Bicubic produces noticeably sharper images than the
previous two methods, and is perhaps the ideal
combination of processing time and output quality.
For this reason it is a standard in many image editing
programs (including Adobe Photoshop), printer
drivers and in-camera interpolation.
Image Smoothing
During image interpolation postprocessing phase each tile may also get smoothed using
specified algorithm. There's following image smoothing modes (algorithms) available:
§
§
§
§
§
None
Default
High Speed
High Quality
Anti-alias
Anti-aliasing is a process which attempts to minimize the appearance of aliased or jagged
diagonal edges. These give text or images a rough digital appearance. Anti-aliasing removes
jagged edges and gives the appearance of smoother edges and higher resolution. It works by
taking into account how much an ideal edge overlaps adjacent pixels. The aliased edge
simply rounds up or down with no intermediate value, whereas the anti-aliased edge gives a
value proportional to how much of the edge was within each pixel:
Ideal edge
resampled
to low
resolution
→
Aliased
Anti-aliased
12
13. Image Color Adjustment
Sometimes it's necessary to simply ignore color information and represent resulting image in
grayscale. Colors in an image get converted to a shade of gray by calculating the effective
brightness or luminance of the color and using this value to create a shade of gray that
matches the desired brightness. Checking this option results in following raster imagery:
Color image
with polygon overlay
Grayscale image
with polygon overlay
Image Drawing Order
Selecting Send Image To Back option affects drawing order of the raster image inserted into
AutoCAD. Sending image to back means positioning it below all other entities in the drawing.
This equals to selecting specified image and first issuing DRAWORDER command in AutoCAD,
then picking BACK option:
Send to back turned on
Send to back turned off
Specifying Resulting Imagery Path
During this step wizard asks you to define output image(ry) destination filename, path and
raster format. Resulting raster file(s) will get imported into the AutoCAD after wizard is
finished data processing. Initially, destination image name is set to random string, while
destination imagery path is set to temporary Windows folder:
13
14. You can change it by clicking on
button next to the destination file name – the Select
location to export Raster image file opens:
Besides selecting target folder and file name, you also need to define output raster format.
Default file format is TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), also enabling creating image
georeferencing ("World") file accompanying output raster file – if this option is checked in
wizard. Please note that not all formats provide creating image georeferencing file.
Please note that if you specified mosaicking5 image tiles, each image tile results in separate
raster file. Thus each file on disk will have numerical suffix after specified file name.
Supported Image Formats
Following output image file formats are supported by TopoPlanner:
5
Please see Chapter "Mosaicking Multiple Images".
14
15. File Extension
TIF
BMP
GIF
PNG
JPG
File Format Description
Tagged Image File Format
Windows Bitmap Format
Graphics Interchange Format
Portable Network Graphics Format
Joint Photographic Expert Group Format
World6
TFW
-
Image Compression
An important concept which distinguishes many image types is whether they are
compressed. Compressed files are significantly smaller than their uncompressed
counterparts, and fall into two general categories: "lossy" and "lossless". Lossless
compression ensures that all image information is preserved, even if the file size is a bit
larger as a result. Lossy compression, by contrast, can create file sizes that are significantly
smaller, but achieves this by selectively discarding image data. The resulting compressed file
is therefore no longer identical to the original. Visible differences between these compressed
files and their original are termed "compression artifacts."
Image Path Type
Running either IMAGE or EXTERNALREFERENCES command in AutoCAD opens up an
External References docker with the list of raster images currently referenced in active
drawing. AutoCAD supports following path types for inserted raster imagery:
Full path option provides complete path to the
output raster image, as displayed in Saved Path
field of the External References AutoCAD
docker. This option somewhat prevents user to
further move image away from specified path,
othwerise AutoCAD may not be able to "find" it
afterwards.
Relative path option deploys relative path to
the output raster image, with regards to the
active drawing path, as displayed in Saved Path
field of External References AutoCAD docker.
This option is accessible only if active drawing is
already saved (newly opened, non-saved DWG
drawings will prevent this option from showing
up in first place).
6
Column "World" depicts whether file format supports georeferencing and if yes, contains the extension of the
resulting goreferencing ("world") file.
15
16. Image Georeferencing File
Image georeferencing (or "World") file is a plain text computer data file used by geographic
information systems to georeference raster map images. This file can be used by both
AutoCAD Map 3D's via MAPIINSERT command to automatically georeference inserted
image, and also many other GIS packages like ESRI ArcGIS. Below is displayed the contents of
a sample world file using EPSG:31370 coordinates:
0.375786317197
0.0000000
0.0000000
-0.376292235547
155420.068430997000
201221.089997690000
The generic meaning of world file parameters are:
§ Line 1: A: pixel size in the x-direction in map units/pixel
§ Line 2: D: rotation about y-axis
§ Line 3: B: rotation about x-axis
§ Line 4: E: pixel size in the y-direction in map units, almost always negative
§ Line 5: C: x-coordinate of the center of the upper left pixel
§ Line 6: F: y-coordinate of the center of the upper left pixel
Graphical view of above described world files parameters and computed values of the four
first upper left pixels of an image:
x positive
x positive
y negative
y negative
Case 1: Square pixels, no rotation
Case 2: Square pixels, with rotation
x positive
y negative
y negative
Case 3: Rectangular pixels, no rotation
x positive
Case 4: Rectangular pixels, with rotation
16
17. Please keep in mind that world file does not support any raster clipping or coordinate system
information. That is – clipping boundary information (if selected during picking area of
interest operation) is lost, only original rectangular image boundary is retained. The name of
the resulting world file is equal to raster image file name, while file extension of the world
file is based on the raster file's extension, as descibed in "Supported File Formats" Chapter
above.
Imported Raster Imagery
Now you're ready to import the map into AutoCAD using specified settings. Click on Import
button to start importing raster imagery data:
Optionally, you can set Break on error checkbox so any error automatically breaks importing
operation and error is displayed below progress bar. During the course of running
TopoPlanner wizard you can always click Cancel button to exit map import procedure.
Image Layer
Resulting raster image gets inserted into AutoCAD drawing on automatically created layer.
Raster image layer name depends on specified map type and map scale, and is concatenated
using following rule:
TOPO_[Map name]_[Map scale]
For example, if you selected "Google" as map provider, "Google Satellite" as provider's map
type and map scale of 16, resulting layer would be:
TOPO_GOOGLE_SATELLITE_16
17
18. Image Properties
Upon inserting of each resulting raster image into the
AutoCAD, TopoPlanner attaches custom properties to them
making it possible to inspect or update maps later on.
Inspecting custom "Map" category properties is performed
using standard PROPERTIES command and docker.
Please note that inspecting custom properties is possible
only on workstations having TopoPlanner installed on them.
Users without TopoPlanner won't be able to see custom
properties attached to inserted raster imagery.
Image Reactors
After resulting raster image is inserted in AutoCAD,
TopoPlanner automatically attaches an object
reactor to it, to avoid the "Unreferenced" warning
within External References palette. Resulting
behaviour is that if you select inserted image in a
drawing and try to delete it, AutoCAD automatically
asks for detaching raster image's XRef definition
from External References palette.
Raster Imagery Cache
TopoPlanner uses specialized image-caching techniques to provide fastest georeferenced
raster imagery access possible. There's specific cache portion (catalog) for each mapping
provider, map type and zoom scale. TopoPlanner queries following resources, in particular
order provided below, while trying to provide requested map data:
1. Local raster imagery cache. This is the fastest executed query but also quite local in
scope, based on imagery data stored on the local computer's hard-disk. Local cache
can also get purged completely, or based on specified date span.
2. LAN-based raster imagery cache. It is possible to define network-wide raster imagery
cache storage accessible by multiple concurent users. This capability is a quite
bandwidth-saving option for large organizations using centralized, pre-populated7
imagery cache.
3. Internet. If there's no results from the queries during steps 1) and 2), TopoPlanner
turns to the specified Internet-based mapping provider and fetches the data,
populating one of the two previously described caching targets.
Raster cache catalogs are organized into raster pyramids. Raster pyramids are reduced
resolution representations of imagery dataset used to improve performance. Pyramid levels
consist of raster tiles arranged by scale. Pyramids can speed up the fetching of raster data by
retrieving only the data at a specified resolution that is required for the selected area of
interest. TopoPlanner chooses the most appropriate pyramid level automatically based on
the specified display scale.
7
Available to TopoPlanner Professional users only.
18
19. Supported Map Providers and Types
TopoPlanner supports following mapping providers and their specific map types:
Map Provider Name
Map Name
GLOBAL MAPS
Google
Microsoft
Yahoo
ESRI
Open Street Map
Open Sea Map
NearMap
Nokia
NASA
Google Map
Google Satellite
Google Labels
Google Terrain
Google Hybrid
Bing Map
Bing Map (New)
Bing Map Satellite
Bing Map Hybrid
Yahoo Map
Yahoo Satellite
Yahoo Labels
Yahoo Hybrid
ESRI Street Map
ESRI Physical Map
ESRI Relief Map
ESRI Terrain Map
ESRI Topo Map
OSM Map
OSM Map (New)
OSM Map Surfer
OSM Map Surfer Terrain
OSM Open Cycle Map
OSM Map
OSM Hybrid
NearMap Map
NearMap Satellite
NearMap Labels
NearMap Hybrid
OVI Map
OVI Satellite
OVI Terrain Hybrid
OVI Hybrid
Terra/MODIS Rapid Response / Day
Average Land Surface Temperature / Day
COUNTRY-SPECIFIC MAPS
Yandex
Yandex Map (Russia)
Yandex Satellite (Russia)
19