The Black Panther Party was founded in 1966 in Oakland, California by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale to challenge police brutality against the African American community. They advocated for black power, or pride in black culture and the right to self-defense against police and white supremacist violence. The Party's goals were outlined in their ten-point manifesto which called for black self-determination, full employment, housing, education, and an end to the draft. The Black Panther Party existed until 1982 to fight for the social and economic rights of African Americans.