This document discusses various project management techniques for developing a project charter and scope management. It describes brainstorming as a technique to quickly generate ideas in a group setting. Nominal group technique is a structured form of brainstorming involving individual idea generation followed by group prioritization. Affinity diagrams allow ideas to be organized into groups for analysis. The Delphi technique is an iterative process where experts privately provide estimates and feedback until consensus is reached. These techniques aid in requirements gathering, risk identification, and reaching agreement on a project's scope.

1. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Assignment
Prepared By: Deepak Chandra Chandola
M. Tech. Engineering Management

2. Objective
Tools to develop a project charters
and explain the scope management
concepts.

3. Table of Content
1. Brain Storming
2. Nominal Group Techniques
3. Affinity Diagram
4. Delphi Technique

4. Brainstorming

5. Brainstorming
A general data-gathering and creativity
technique that elicits input from groups
such as team members or subject matter
experts when developing the project
charter.
Ideas are generated under the guidance
of a facilitator, either in a free-form
brainstorm session or one that uses
more structured techniques.

6. Brainstorming
This technique is used to identify a list of
ideas in a short period of time. It is
conducted in a group environment and is
led by a facilitator.
Brainstorming comprises two parts:
• Idea generation
• Analysis.

7. Brainstorming
The goal of brainstorming is to
obtain a comprehensive list of
individual project risks and sources
of overall project risk.
The project team usually performs
brainstorming, often with a
multidisciplinary set of experts who
are not part of the team.

8. Brainstorming
Categories of risk, such as in a risk
breakdown structure, can be used as
a framework.
Particular attention should be paid
to ensuring that risks identified
through brainstorming are clearly
described.

9. Nominal Group Techniques

10. Nominal Group Techniques
The nominal group technique is a
structured form of brainstorming
consisting of four steps.
Step 1: A question or problem is
posed to the group. Each person
silently generates and writes down
their ideas.

11. Nominal Group Techniques
Step 2: The moderator writes down
the ideas on a flip chart until all ideas
are recorded.
Step 3: Each recorded idea is
discussed until all group members
have a clear understanding.

12. Nominal Group Techniques
Step 4: Individuals vote privately to
prioritize the ideas, usually using a
scale of 1 – 5, with 1 being the lowest
and 5 being the highest. Voting may
take place in many rounds to reduce
and focus in on ideas. After each
round, the votes are tallied and the
highest scoring ideas are selected.

13. Affinity Diagram

14. Affinity Diagram
It is a tool and technique for collect
requirements. Where data
representations is required.
Collect Requirements is the process
of determining, documenting, and
managing stakeholder needs and
requirements to meet objectives.

15. Affinity Diagram
Affinity diagrams allow large
numbers of ideas to be classified into
groups for review and analysis.
It can organize potential causes of
defects into groups showing areas
that should be focused on the most.

16. Affinity Diagram
The key benefit of this process is that
it provides the basis for defining the
product scope and project scope.
This process is performed once or at
predefined points in the project.

17. Delphi Technique

18. Delphi Technique
The Delphi Technique is a method used
to estimate the likelihood of events and
outcome of those.
A group of experts share views, and each
independently gives estimates and
assumptions to a facilitator who
evaluate the data and issues a
summarized report.

19. Delphi Technique
The all group members discuss and
review the summary report, and give
feedbacks to the facilitator, who
again reviews the material and issues
further report. This process continues
until all participant members reach a
final conclusion.

20. Delphi Technique
The technique is an iterative process,
and aims to get a wide range of opinions
from the group of experts. It Results
from the several round of questions and
reviews concluded into the report.
The aim of this technique is to clarify
and expand on issues, identify areas of
agreement or disagreement and begin
to find consensus.

21. Conclusion
All above mentioned techniques are
very useful and more structured to
reach final conclusion.
Several industries in project
management are using these
techniques to reach the consensus.

22. References
• PMBOK® GUIDE Sixth Edition
(2017).
• https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/d
elphi-technique-a-step-by-step-
guide.php