1) Tomato Fusarium wilt is caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. It is specific to tomatoes and can cause 10-90% yield losses.
2) Symptoms include leaf chlorosis, wilting, and brown vascular streaking. Stems of infected plants show brown discoloration.
3) The fungus survives for over 10 years in soil or plant debris. Infection occurs through wounds and spreads systemically through the xylem. Warm temperatures and nitrogen-rich soil promote disease development.
Plants have two types of defense mechanisms against pathogens: structural barriers and biochemical reactions. Structural barriers include pre-existing features like thick cell walls and wax coatings, as well as post-infection responses like cork layers, tyloses, and necrotic tissue that isolate the pathogen. Biochemical defenses include pre-existing inhibitors exuded by the plant and induced responses like the hypersensitive response where infected cells undergo rapid cell death to prevent pathogen spread. Together these mechanisms inhibit pathogens from entering plants, limit their growth and movement within plants, and produce toxic compounds to kill pathogens.
This document discusses different types of plant disease resistance, including complete (vertical) resistance, partial (horizontal) resistance, and quantitative resistance. It then focuses on the gene-for-gene theory of complete resistance, which states that a plant gene confers resistance to a specific pathogen gene. If the plant has the corresponding resistance gene and the pathogen has the corresponding avirulence gene, the plant will be resistant through a hypersensitive response. The document also covers elicitors, signal transduction, localized responses like phytoalexin production, and systemic acquired resistance.
economicaly important MAJOR MAIZE DISEAE.pptxdawitg2
This document discusses several major maize diseases and their management in Ethiopia. It describes the symptoms, impact, and management strategies for:
1. Turcicum leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum, which causes leaf lesions and can defoliate plants. Management includes resistant varieties, fungicide application, and nitrogen fertilization.
2. Common leaf rust caused by Puccinia sorghi, which forms brown then black pustules on leaves as plants mature. Management relies on resistant varieties and fungicide application.
3. Grey leaf spot caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis, which forms rectangular lesions on leaves limited by veins. It can reduce
dissimination of plant biotechnology Ochem.pptdawitg2
This document discusses plant biotechnology in Africa from an African perspective. It outlines the aims of modern plant biotechnology, including developing varieties suited to local environments that are higher yielding, more nutritious, and help limit post-harvest losses. It notes the need for plant biotechnology in Africa to address issues like population growth outpacing food production. The status of plant biotechnology across different African regions is described, showing limited investment and a focus on a few crops. The document calls for more support of R&D to help disseminate plant biotechnology and its benefits more widely in Africa.
Biotechnology has the potential to increase productivity in developing countries by increasing yields and reducing pesticide use for crops like cotton. Field trials of Bt cotton in India found yield increases of 80-87% compared to non-Bt and local varieties, along with a 70% reduction in insecticide use. However, access to biotechnology is limited by intellectual property rights held by companies in developed countries. An intellectual property clearinghouse could help reduce costs and improve access for developing countries by facilitating technology transfers. While biotechnology poses some environmental and health risks, these can be managed, and the technology could make an important contribution to agriculture if developed and used appropriately.
This document summarizes key information about parasitic plants:
- Parasitic plants exploit other plants for water and nutrients through specialized structures called haustoria. They occur worldwide except in aquatic environments.
- There are approximately 4,500 known parasitic plant species across 20 families. The majority are hemiparasites that perform some photosynthesis, while around 390 species are holoparasites lacking chlorophyll.
- Parasitic plants can be either root or stem parasites. Haustoria allow transfer of water, nutrients, and organic compounds between the parasitic plant and its host.
This document discusses the host-pathogen interaction process from inoculation through infection and disease development. It describes how pathogens attach and penetrate the host, then colonize tissues causing disease. Key points covered include:
- Pathogens like fungi, bacteria and viruses must first attach to the host surface through adhesive materials before penetrating and infecting tissues.
- Germination and recognition events occur followed by direct penetration through intact surfaces or openings.
- Successful infection leads to colonization, growth and reproduction of the pathogen within the host, eventually causing disease symptoms and allowing dissemination to new hosts.
- A complex interplay of the plant, pathogen and environmental conditions determines whether disease occurs after contact.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
1) Tomato Fusarium wilt is caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. It is specific to tomatoes and can cause 10-90% yield losses.
2) Symptoms include leaf chlorosis, wilting, and brown vascular streaking. Stems of infected plants show brown discoloration.
3) The fungus survives for over 10 years in soil or plant debris. Infection occurs through wounds and spreads systemically through the xylem. Warm temperatures and nitrogen-rich soil promote disease development.
Plants have two types of defense mechanisms against pathogens: structural barriers and biochemical reactions. Structural barriers include pre-existing features like thick cell walls and wax coatings, as well as post-infection responses like cork layers, tyloses, and necrotic tissue that isolate the pathogen. Biochemical defenses include pre-existing inhibitors exuded by the plant and induced responses like the hypersensitive response where infected cells undergo rapid cell death to prevent pathogen spread. Together these mechanisms inhibit pathogens from entering plants, limit their growth and movement within plants, and produce toxic compounds to kill pathogens.
This document discusses different types of plant disease resistance, including complete (vertical) resistance, partial (horizontal) resistance, and quantitative resistance. It then focuses on the gene-for-gene theory of complete resistance, which states that a plant gene confers resistance to a specific pathogen gene. If the plant has the corresponding resistance gene and the pathogen has the corresponding avirulence gene, the plant will be resistant through a hypersensitive response. The document also covers elicitors, signal transduction, localized responses like phytoalexin production, and systemic acquired resistance.
economicaly important MAJOR MAIZE DISEAE.pptxdawitg2
This document discusses several major maize diseases and their management in Ethiopia. It describes the symptoms, impact, and management strategies for:
1. Turcicum leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum, which causes leaf lesions and can defoliate plants. Management includes resistant varieties, fungicide application, and nitrogen fertilization.
2. Common leaf rust caused by Puccinia sorghi, which forms brown then black pustules on leaves as plants mature. Management relies on resistant varieties and fungicide application.
3. Grey leaf spot caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis, which forms rectangular lesions on leaves limited by veins. It can reduce
dissimination of plant biotechnology Ochem.pptdawitg2
This document discusses plant biotechnology in Africa from an African perspective. It outlines the aims of modern plant biotechnology, including developing varieties suited to local environments that are higher yielding, more nutritious, and help limit post-harvest losses. It notes the need for plant biotechnology in Africa to address issues like population growth outpacing food production. The status of plant biotechnology across different African regions is described, showing limited investment and a focus on a few crops. The document calls for more support of R&D to help disseminate plant biotechnology and its benefits more widely in Africa.
Biotechnology has the potential to increase productivity in developing countries by increasing yields and reducing pesticide use for crops like cotton. Field trials of Bt cotton in India found yield increases of 80-87% compared to non-Bt and local varieties, along with a 70% reduction in insecticide use. However, access to biotechnology is limited by intellectual property rights held by companies in developed countries. An intellectual property clearinghouse could help reduce costs and improve access for developing countries by facilitating technology transfers. While biotechnology poses some environmental and health risks, these can be managed, and the technology could make an important contribution to agriculture if developed and used appropriately.
This document summarizes key information about parasitic plants:
- Parasitic plants exploit other plants for water and nutrients through specialized structures called haustoria. They occur worldwide except in aquatic environments.
- There are approximately 4,500 known parasitic plant species across 20 families. The majority are hemiparasites that perform some photosynthesis, while around 390 species are holoparasites lacking chlorophyll.
- Parasitic plants can be either root or stem parasites. Haustoria allow transfer of water, nutrients, and organic compounds between the parasitic plant and its host.
This document discusses the host-pathogen interaction process from inoculation through infection and disease development. It describes how pathogens attach and penetrate the host, then colonize tissues causing disease. Key points covered include:
- Pathogens like fungi, bacteria and viruses must first attach to the host surface through adhesive materials before penetrating and infecting tissues.
- Germination and recognition events occur followed by direct penetration through intact surfaces or openings.
- Successful infection leads to colonization, growth and reproduction of the pathogen within the host, eventually causing disease symptoms and allowing dissemination to new hosts.
- A complex interplay of the plant, pathogen and environmental conditions determines whether disease occurs after contact.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
