The document discusses whether and to what extent World War 1 constituted "total war". It provides several points showing how WWI was a total war, such as the immense casualties, increased state control over economies, and the war's effects on civilian life. However, it also notes that some historians dispute this, arguing that Germany's goals may have been more limited like creating colonies or localized conflicts in Europe. The document examines how the war economies and rationing affected civilians, and how women began entering the workforce in Britain and France during the war. It concludes by acknowledging viewpoints that Germany may not have aimed for full-scale war given its geographic position in Europe.
World War 1 Retrospective: A Stratfor ReportStratfor
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Get the full 43-page report here: https://goo.gl/9LpcBw
The outbreak of war in 1914 was one of the defining geopolitical moments of the 20th century. This report explores how key events and occurrences from the Great War continue to resonate over 100 years later.
This page examines the reforms made to Germany's currency after the hyperinflation crisis, and also the Dawes and Young Plans regarding World War One reparations.
World War 1 Retrospective: A Stratfor ReportStratfor
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Get the full 43-page report here: https://goo.gl/9LpcBw
The outbreak of war in 1914 was one of the defining geopolitical moments of the 20th century. This report explores how key events and occurrences from the Great War continue to resonate over 100 years later.
This page examines the reforms made to Germany's currency after the hyperinflation crisis, and also the Dawes and Young Plans regarding World War One reparations.
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How important are the opinions of experts in the search for knowledge?Megan Kedzlie
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An essay for my Theory of Knowledge/Philosophy class that I take in the IB. Looks at the value society puts onto experts and the definition of an expert.
Political Speech - "The Lie of Equality"Megan Kedzlie
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A speech I had to write modelled off a previously aired piece. I chose to emulate the 20 Hours in America speech from US Drama show "the West Wing", a personal favourite.
To what extent does the historical film and literature realistically depict g...Megan Kedzlie
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A historical investigation that analyzes the extent to which film and literature realistically depicted the warfare that the US Troops experienced under General Westermoreland's "Search and Destroy" tactics.
Operation âBlue Starâ is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using âinvisibleâ attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnât one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
⢠The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
⢠The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate âany matterâ at âany timeâ under House Rule X.
⢠The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
To what extent can the First World War constitute "total war"?
1. Why, and to what extent did the First World War constitute
âtotal warâ?
Megan Kedzlie
December 2012
No matter where you look in European history, there are few events that shook
the continent more than the Franco-Prussian War, which lead to the unification
of Germany. With this new empire and the death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand,
the façade of Europe would crumble into chaos with the sparks of the First
World War. With its numerous casualties, the increase in state control across the
continent and the effect that the war had on civilianâs displays how the First
World War was obviously a total war, yet many factors openly dispute that claim
such as ideologies stating Germanyâs desire to create colonies across the globe,
or to create localized conflict to help acquire land within continental Europe.
With the implementation of a âWar Economyâ in the majority of powers involved
with World War One, most of the nations began implementing initiatives and
projects to help the state gain control of many aspects of life such as imports and
exports, use of cash and currency and many other facets.This often is seen as a
good thing, as a country begins to use to War to help fuel usage of all products,
rather than working at half-capacity like they may during peacetime. Murray
Rothbard put it perfectly when writing âIt is in war that the State really comes
into its own: swelling in power, in number, in pride, in absolute dominion over
the economy and the society.â The creation of ration booklets and control over
supplies affected the spread of warfare, as countries began sending supplies and
primary products to be used for weaponry and army supplies instead of luxury
goods for civilians. These actions and necessities clearly show how the warfare
affects all aspects of civilian life through the manipulation of economy, a direct
effect of total war.
The loss of âluxuryâ goods and services were not the only effects that civilians
and non-combatants had to work through during the First World War: 1914 was
the first incidence where many women (especially in the United Kingdom and
France) began joining the blue-collared workforce instead of staying as
housewives. Gail Braybon, womenâs historian, claims that for many women the
war was "a genuinely liberating experience" that helped foster a feeling of
inclusivity with the community outside of housekeeping and childcare. The use
of women in factories to create weaponry and supplies was a key influence in the
decision to give women the vote in many nations such as the UK, the United
States, and France.
With the swift surrender of the Central Powers in the final months of 1918, many
countries began declaring armistice and pulling out of the war effort after being
completely exhausted. Both the âvictorsâ and âdefeatedâ in the First World War
had been bled dry â Germany had lost 15.1% of its active male population from
either combat or civilian casualties. Even with these devastating aftermaths, the
Allies decided to write the Treaty of Versailles, which was described by General
2. Hubert Gough in 1920 as âwe thought to establish a good and lasting peace
which would, of necessity, have been established on good will. The Peace Treaty
has done nothing of the kind.â The reparations that had been forced upon
Germany and the Central Powers did nothing to help smooth the ragged edges of
Europe after the conflict, and almost definitely lead to the start of Nazi Germany
and eventually WWII.
Even with all these views, there are still many historians who have the strong
beliefs that Germany was not aiming for a large scale warfare. Even with a Kaiser
who was not known for his military intelligence, it has to be said that Germany
should see with their placement in the geographics of Europe, and the size of the
many nations surrounding them (as unstable and imperialized as they were),
there wasnât much of a chance that an attack from Germany would come to
much. Therefore we can understand the claims of Erdmann and Zechlin, who
place blame in Germany, and german aimâs to create a localized, limited warfare,
to help shift the balance of power in Central Europe for their own gains. Seeing
though how the rest of Europe seemed to be mobilizing (Russia was moving
troops while their country grew restless under revolution, and Austria-Hungary
was desperately holding on to their imperial roots), it was the obvious moment
for Germany to exert some sembelance of control in their localized part of
Europe.
While there are many points that clearly show the extent that the total war
raged, we can also make the point that total warfare may not have been to aim of
Germany, when they decided to mobilize against their enemies.