This study examines empirically the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance of some selected banks in Nigeria with the use of secondary data, sourced from six (6) selected banks annual reports and accounts using Judgemental sampling in a population of fifteen (15) Banks. Financial summary between “2002-2011” i.e. ten (10) years period and NSE FACT Book were used to obtain data. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of banks financial performance on Corporate Social Responsibility. The study utilized multiple regressions for the analysis of collected data, findings from the analysis of selected banks show that financial performance (PAT, ROCE, EPS) have significant positive impact on corporate social responsibility, and the collinearity test show that there is no Multicollinearity between the independents variables. The Independent Variables are PAT, ROE, ROA, EPS and ROCE which constitute indicators of banks financial performance while the Dependent variables are Philanthropic, Economic, Legal and Ethical Responsibilities (CSR). It is recommended that Nigerian banks should embrace the culture of CSR and government should established laws and regulations to oblige financial institutions or rather banks in Nigeria to give adequate attention to social responsibility, social accounting and put in place strong mechanisms and institutions to monitor compliance and if possible determine the quantum amount of charitable contribution to be reported in their annual reports and accounts by providing index or range.
A Study on Linkage between Corporate Social Responsibility and Return on Net ...iosrjce
The purpose of the present paper is to study the linkage of CSR initiatives taken by the Indian
companies and its impact on their RONW. For this purpose, various financial parameters have been used like
Return on net worth, profit before tax and earning per share. Researchers have taken a sample of 5 private
companies namely Tata Steel Company, RIL, Mahindra & Mahindra, Infosys and Larsen and Toubro to
examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility and RONR by considering their financial
statement of five years (from March 2010 to March 2014). The logic behind to take such samples is that these
are big private key players with respect to Indian business. After getting all the data, an analysis on the
relationship between CSR and other financial parameters like EPS, PBT and RONR are tested by Regression
analysis and ANOVA. Irrespective of this general outcome, the current study depicts evidence that there is a
insignificant relationship between CSR and Return on Net Worth (RONR) in case of these companies.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Analysis of the effects of economic corporate social responsibility on financ...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect economic corporate social responsibility on Financial performance. The study was guided by the following objectives: To analyze the effect of innovational CSR cost on financial performance, to examine the effect of social quality practices spending on financial performance ,to find out the effect of corporate entrepreneurship spending on financial performance and to examine the effect of financial literacy expenditure CSR on financial The study was guided by Stakeholders theory, Shareholder theory and Shareholder-Based Financial Performance theory. This study used quantitative research approaches. Quantitative research is generally associated. Collecting and converting data into numerical form so that statistical calculations can be made and conclusions drawn. This study will employ descriptive research design. The target population used was 100 and sampling procedure used was stratified. The study used primary (collected using questionnaires) and secondary data (trend analysis). To test the validity of the research instruments the questionnaires prepared and submitted to the supervisor and other research experts. In order to test the reliability of the instrument used in this study, the researcher used test retest method. Descriptive and inferential statistics method was used for data analysis and interpretation regression model was used to analyze the effect between variables. The study recommended that companies should ensure effective sustainability programs which include social responsibility, They should also ensure effective social programs are accomplished through cause-related marketing and corporate philanthropy, they should also create initiative which has beneficial relationship between the corporation and society, they should also should ensure corporate governance which is the framework of rules and practices by which a board of directors and embrace accountability, fairness, and transparency in a company's relationship with its stakeholders. For further research the study suggests that more studies should be done on economic social responsibility and corporate governance, economic social responsibility and financial literacy.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Commercial banks in NepalMrinal Gaurav
Despite the growing attention in corporate social responsibility (CSR) among practitioners and academicians around the globe, a shadow of doubt remains as to whether industry sector posses a positive or negative attitudes towards CSR. Against this backdrop, this paper examines the attitudes of Nepalese banking sector towards CSR and
the factors influencing their attitudes towards CSR.
A structured questionnaire was developed based on past research. A total of 157 respondents out of 250 questionnaire shows sound percentage of 62.8% were used for
analysis in this study. The results showed that banking employees and banking customers of Nepal have positive attitudes towards CSR. However, the degrees of positive attitudes
on different propositions significantly differ. Analysis also revealed that CSR is still understood as philanthropic activities and has the connotation with philanthropic activities. Interestingly, research also revealed that, besides corporate efforts, the role of
government, pressure groups and other stakeholders is also crucial to promote CSR in context of Nepal. Thus, it has become imperative to make necessary efforts by the all
concerned authorities including the government to promote socially responsible corporate behaviour for creating a more equitable and just society in Nepal.
A Study on Linkage between Corporate Social Responsibility and Return on Net ...iosrjce
The purpose of the present paper is to study the linkage of CSR initiatives taken by the Indian
companies and its impact on their RONW. For this purpose, various financial parameters have been used like
Return on net worth, profit before tax and earning per share. Researchers have taken a sample of 5 private
companies namely Tata Steel Company, RIL, Mahindra & Mahindra, Infosys and Larsen and Toubro to
examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility and RONR by considering their financial
statement of five years (from March 2010 to March 2014). The logic behind to take such samples is that these
are big private key players with respect to Indian business. After getting all the data, an analysis on the
relationship between CSR and other financial parameters like EPS, PBT and RONR are tested by Regression
analysis and ANOVA. Irrespective of this general outcome, the current study depicts evidence that there is a
insignificant relationship between CSR and Return on Net Worth (RONR) in case of these companies.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Analysis of the effects of economic corporate social responsibility on financ...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect economic corporate social responsibility on Financial performance. The study was guided by the following objectives: To analyze the effect of innovational CSR cost on financial performance, to examine the effect of social quality practices spending on financial performance ,to find out the effect of corporate entrepreneurship spending on financial performance and to examine the effect of financial literacy expenditure CSR on financial The study was guided by Stakeholders theory, Shareholder theory and Shareholder-Based Financial Performance theory. This study used quantitative research approaches. Quantitative research is generally associated. Collecting and converting data into numerical form so that statistical calculations can be made and conclusions drawn. This study will employ descriptive research design. The target population used was 100 and sampling procedure used was stratified. The study used primary (collected using questionnaires) and secondary data (trend analysis). To test the validity of the research instruments the questionnaires prepared and submitted to the supervisor and other research experts. In order to test the reliability of the instrument used in this study, the researcher used test retest method. Descriptive and inferential statistics method was used for data analysis and interpretation regression model was used to analyze the effect between variables. The study recommended that companies should ensure effective sustainability programs which include social responsibility, They should also ensure effective social programs are accomplished through cause-related marketing and corporate philanthropy, they should also create initiative which has beneficial relationship between the corporation and society, they should also should ensure corporate governance which is the framework of rules and practices by which a board of directors and embrace accountability, fairness, and transparency in a company's relationship with its stakeholders. For further research the study suggests that more studies should be done on economic social responsibility and corporate governance, economic social responsibility and financial literacy.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Commercial banks in NepalMrinal Gaurav
Despite the growing attention in corporate social responsibility (CSR) among practitioners and academicians around the globe, a shadow of doubt remains as to whether industry sector posses a positive or negative attitudes towards CSR. Against this backdrop, this paper examines the attitudes of Nepalese banking sector towards CSR and
the factors influencing their attitudes towards CSR.
A structured questionnaire was developed based on past research. A total of 157 respondents out of 250 questionnaire shows sound percentage of 62.8% were used for
analysis in this study. The results showed that banking employees and banking customers of Nepal have positive attitudes towards CSR. However, the degrees of positive attitudes
on different propositions significantly differ. Analysis also revealed that CSR is still understood as philanthropic activities and has the connotation with philanthropic activities. Interestingly, research also revealed that, besides corporate efforts, the role of
government, pressure groups and other stakeholders is also crucial to promote CSR in context of Nepal. Thus, it has become imperative to make necessary efforts by the all
concerned authorities including the government to promote socially responsible corporate behaviour for creating a more equitable and just society in Nepal.
The effect of CSR performance on NGO activism in the Fashion IndustryDaisy Altelaar
Companies in the fashion industry are increasingly pressured by NGOs to behave in a more socially responsible manner. Consequently, fashion companies proactively adjust their policies and invest in CSR under the assumption that their likelihood to become the target of NGO activism is reduced. In this study we propose that companies where the level of CSR performance is low are more likely to become the target of NGO activism. We tested this with data from 41 company reports of Sustainalytics. Contrary to our expectations, results of this study reveal that companies with a good CSR performance are actually experiencing more NGO activism than companies with a poor CSR performance. Similar results are found in the relation between CSR performance and NGO activism for the social performance of fashion companies in the contractor & supply chain (C&S) and no
relationship is found for environmental performance in the C&S. An explanation of the findings can reside in stakeholder scepticism, the perceived motive from the company’s communicated CSR message and in a potential two-way causality of the NGO activism-CSR performance relationship. Nevertheless, managers of fashion companies should be aware that good CSR performance by itself does but not take away the likelihood to become targeted by NGO activists. Therefore, companies should carefully manage their multiple identities and work together to address issues related to the society and environment.
Corporate Social Responsibility Practices of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: ...IOSR Journals
This paper explores how private commercial banks practices Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Bangladesh in conserved the case of Southeast Bank Ltd.. In keeping with global movement, CSR is being seen as the source of new competition edge for the banking sectors of Bangladesh. Banks’ of Bangladesh practices CSR to not only improve community relations but also as source of significant commercial benefit. Southeast Bank Ltd. practices CSR under the rules and regulation of Bangladesh Bank. The study based on annual report of 2012 of Southeast Bank Ltd. This study shows that Southeast Bank expenses BDT36.85 million in the year 2012 in the area of education, health, community development, environmental issue, art and culture, sports etc.. Nevertheless, bank expenses highest amount in education sector through scholarship program in Bangladesh whereby school, college and university education tuition and expenses have fully paid for unconditionally. The study can help banking manger’s understand what should be done for the benefits of customers and the community for sustainability.
The role of government regulation of business in building the concept of corp...Konstantin Eryomin
The educational material about role of different institutes in creation of corporate social responsibility model of business in Russia and other countries. Modern statistics and theoretical aspects are included
The Corporate Social Responsibility Strategies and Activities Employed By the...iosrjce
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) playa an increasingly important role in business success
today, and economic, political, and social factors are shaping CSR strategies around the world. Approached
strategically, CSR has the potential to generate opportunity, innovation and competitive advantage for
organizations while solving pressing social problems. The study explored the effectiveness of CSR strategies on
organizational performance by ascertaining whether responsibility towards primary stakeholders influences the
financial and non-financial performance of commercial banks. The author focused on the Equity Bank in Kenya.
Content analysis of the Bank’s financial reports between the years 2006 and 2012 was done to ascertain the
relationship between CSR and performance of the Bank. The establishment of EGF, a fully fledged subsidiary of
Equity Bank, to handle all aspects of social responsibility for the Bank is a clear attestation of how important
and serious the institution considers CSR in their day-to-day operations. The categorization of the CSR
strategies into thematic areas showed that, to the Eank, social responsibility is not just a philanthropic deed to
society but a strategic tool for furtherance of business objectives, including stakeholder relationships. The study
recommended the need for organizations to be more inclusive and participatory among all the stakeholders at
all levels of implementation as well as further research to determine the level at which CSR impacts on
performance and the influence of prior organizational performance on social responsibility.
A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility, reputation and bus...Shifur Rahman
A stakeholder approach to corporate
social responsibility, reputation and
business performance
A research paper based presentation. The paper is available through the link mentioned below............
http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30073833
Identifying key stakeholders of CSR & their roles
Role of Public Sector in Corporate government programs that encourage voluntary responsible action of corporations
Role of Nonprofit & Local Self Governance in implementing CSR
Contemporary issues in CSR & MDGs
Global Compact Self Assessment Tool
National Voluntary Guidelines by Govt. of India
Understanding roles and responsibilities of corporate foundations
CSR Practices by Private University-A Study on Leading University Sylhet, Ban...IOSRJBM
The main purpose of doing business for any organization is to earn profit. But only profit motive does not make a firm or organization long term sustainable. Now- a- day’s organization does not only busy with profit making but they are more concern for social development also. In that case as an institution education sector also not sit idle they are also involve in social development. They think themselves as a valuable member of the society. As are doing their business activities within the society and the entire stakeholder are from society, so it is impossible to ignore their contribution. The aim of this paper is to explore how academic institutions practices Corporate Social responsibilities in Bangladesh. For this Leading University has been chosen in this case because it does not only provide the quality education and fulfill the academic needs not only in Sylhet but also across the Sylhet. Leading university think along with providing quality education, social development is essential. In keeping with global evolution CSR has gained a lot of attention. It is one of the important mechanisms that affect society positively and develop relationship with stakeholders. CSR not only help leading university to gain the competitive advantages but also help to gain good image. As well as students also gain practical experience of their study of CSR course.
The objective of the study is to examined Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in quoted money deposit
Banks in Nigeria. The research design used for this study is historical research design. The design was used so as to
capture relevant information from annual financial statement of quoted companies. The population of the study
consists of Twenty one (21) deposit money banks in Nigeria and a sample of eight commercial banks was randomly
selected using convenient sampling technique. Data were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression. The
findings of this research indicate an existence of negative relationship between firm complexity and environmental
disclosed in the Nigerian banking sector. It also indicates the existence of positive relationship between earnings and
CSR disclosure in the Nigerian banking sector and that bank size was negatively related to the extent of corporate
social responsibility disclosure by Nigerian banks. The implication of these findings is that as bank increase its
activities they should also be concern with the well-being of the environment which they operate. Finally, the study
recommends that banks should focus on activities that will synchronize its corporate goals with the sustainability of
the environment
The effect of CSR performance on NGO activism in the Fashion IndustryDaisy Altelaar
Companies in the fashion industry are increasingly pressured by NGOs to behave in a more socially responsible manner. Consequently, fashion companies proactively adjust their policies and invest in CSR under the assumption that their likelihood to become the target of NGO activism is reduced. In this study we propose that companies where the level of CSR performance is low are more likely to become the target of NGO activism. We tested this with data from 41 company reports of Sustainalytics. Contrary to our expectations, results of this study reveal that companies with a good CSR performance are actually experiencing more NGO activism than companies with a poor CSR performance. Similar results are found in the relation between CSR performance and NGO activism for the social performance of fashion companies in the contractor & supply chain (C&S) and no
relationship is found for environmental performance in the C&S. An explanation of the findings can reside in stakeholder scepticism, the perceived motive from the company’s communicated CSR message and in a potential two-way causality of the NGO activism-CSR performance relationship. Nevertheless, managers of fashion companies should be aware that good CSR performance by itself does but not take away the likelihood to become targeted by NGO activists. Therefore, companies should carefully manage their multiple identities and work together to address issues related to the society and environment.
Corporate Social Responsibility Practices of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: ...IOSR Journals
This paper explores how private commercial banks practices Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Bangladesh in conserved the case of Southeast Bank Ltd.. In keeping with global movement, CSR is being seen as the source of new competition edge for the banking sectors of Bangladesh. Banks’ of Bangladesh practices CSR to not only improve community relations but also as source of significant commercial benefit. Southeast Bank Ltd. practices CSR under the rules and regulation of Bangladesh Bank. The study based on annual report of 2012 of Southeast Bank Ltd. This study shows that Southeast Bank expenses BDT36.85 million in the year 2012 in the area of education, health, community development, environmental issue, art and culture, sports etc.. Nevertheless, bank expenses highest amount in education sector through scholarship program in Bangladesh whereby school, college and university education tuition and expenses have fully paid for unconditionally. The study can help banking manger’s understand what should be done for the benefits of customers and the community for sustainability.
The role of government regulation of business in building the concept of corp...Konstantin Eryomin
The educational material about role of different institutes in creation of corporate social responsibility model of business in Russia and other countries. Modern statistics and theoretical aspects are included
The Corporate Social Responsibility Strategies and Activities Employed By the...iosrjce
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) playa an increasingly important role in business success
today, and economic, political, and social factors are shaping CSR strategies around the world. Approached
strategically, CSR has the potential to generate opportunity, innovation and competitive advantage for
organizations while solving pressing social problems. The study explored the effectiveness of CSR strategies on
organizational performance by ascertaining whether responsibility towards primary stakeholders influences the
financial and non-financial performance of commercial banks. The author focused on the Equity Bank in Kenya.
Content analysis of the Bank’s financial reports between the years 2006 and 2012 was done to ascertain the
relationship between CSR and performance of the Bank. The establishment of EGF, a fully fledged subsidiary of
Equity Bank, to handle all aspects of social responsibility for the Bank is a clear attestation of how important
and serious the institution considers CSR in their day-to-day operations. The categorization of the CSR
strategies into thematic areas showed that, to the Eank, social responsibility is not just a philanthropic deed to
society but a strategic tool for furtherance of business objectives, including stakeholder relationships. The study
recommended the need for organizations to be more inclusive and participatory among all the stakeholders at
all levels of implementation as well as further research to determine the level at which CSR impacts on
performance and the influence of prior organizational performance on social responsibility.
A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility, reputation and bus...Shifur Rahman
A stakeholder approach to corporate
social responsibility, reputation and
business performance
A research paper based presentation. The paper is available through the link mentioned below............
http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30073833
Identifying key stakeholders of CSR & their roles
Role of Public Sector in Corporate government programs that encourage voluntary responsible action of corporations
Role of Nonprofit & Local Self Governance in implementing CSR
Contemporary issues in CSR & MDGs
Global Compact Self Assessment Tool
National Voluntary Guidelines by Govt. of India
Understanding roles and responsibilities of corporate foundations
CSR Practices by Private University-A Study on Leading University Sylhet, Ban...IOSRJBM
The main purpose of doing business for any organization is to earn profit. But only profit motive does not make a firm or organization long term sustainable. Now- a- day’s organization does not only busy with profit making but they are more concern for social development also. In that case as an institution education sector also not sit idle they are also involve in social development. They think themselves as a valuable member of the society. As are doing their business activities within the society and the entire stakeholder are from society, so it is impossible to ignore their contribution. The aim of this paper is to explore how academic institutions practices Corporate Social responsibilities in Bangladesh. For this Leading University has been chosen in this case because it does not only provide the quality education and fulfill the academic needs not only in Sylhet but also across the Sylhet. Leading university think along with providing quality education, social development is essential. In keeping with global evolution CSR has gained a lot of attention. It is one of the important mechanisms that affect society positively and develop relationship with stakeholders. CSR not only help leading university to gain the competitive advantages but also help to gain good image. As well as students also gain practical experience of their study of CSR course.
The objective of the study is to examined Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in quoted money deposit
Banks in Nigeria. The research design used for this study is historical research design. The design was used so as to
capture relevant information from annual financial statement of quoted companies. The population of the study
consists of Twenty one (21) deposit money banks in Nigeria and a sample of eight commercial banks was randomly
selected using convenient sampling technique. Data were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression. The
findings of this research indicate an existence of negative relationship between firm complexity and environmental
disclosed in the Nigerian banking sector. It also indicates the existence of positive relationship between earnings and
CSR disclosure in the Nigerian banking sector and that bank size was negatively related to the extent of corporate
social responsibility disclosure by Nigerian banks. The implication of these findings is that as bank increase its
activities they should also be concern with the well-being of the environment which they operate. Finally, the study
recommends that banks should focus on activities that will synchronize its corporate goals with the sustainability of
the environment
Corporate Social Sustainability Practice and Financial Performance of Consume...ijtsrd
Background Sustainability practice deals with the measurement, analysis and communication of interactions and links between social, environmental and economic issues constituting the three dimensions of sustainabilityAim This study empirically investigated the relationship between corporate social sustainability practice and financial performance of listed consumer goods firms’ in Nigeria. The study is vital as it portrays the extent to which corporate social sustainability practice influences firms’ performance. In order to determine the relationship between corporate social sustainability practice CSSP and firms’ performance, corporate social sustainability disclosure index by GRI was used while firms’ performance on the other hand was represented by return on equity ROE . Materials and Methods Four hypotheses were formulated to guide the investigation and the statistical test of parameter estimates was conducted using OLS regression model operated with STATA 15. Ex Post Facto design was adopted and data for the study were obtained from the Nigerian Stock Exchange Factbook and the published annual financial reports of the entire listed consumer goods firms on NSE with data spanning from 2016 2021. Results The finding generally indicates that human rights disclosure, labour practices and decent work disclosure, product responsibility disclosure and societal disclosure have significant influence on firms’ performance ROE at 1 5 significant level. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study, the study concludes that corporate social sustainability practice has positively improved firms performance over the years. Recommendation The study however suggests that firms should disclose more of this information in their annual reports in order to legitimize their operations by making public known about her commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families and the local communities as this disclosure is relevant for investors decision making. Obiora Fabian. | Onuora, J. K. J. | Egwuom Mary Jane. I "Corporate Social Sustainability Practice and Financial Performance of Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49501.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/49501/corporate-social-sustainability-practice-and-financial-performance-of-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/obiora-fabian
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting on Performance of Oil and Gas Compa...ijtsrd
The study examined the effect of corporate social responsibility reporting on financial performance of Oil and Gas companies in Nigeria. Ex post facto research design and content analysis were adapted. A sample of ten oil and gas companies was selected for the study. The hypothesis was tested using linear regression analysis with the aid of E view 9.0. The study revealed that return on capital employed has insignificant effect on corporate social responsibility of Oil and Gas companies in Nigeria. The study recommended that the external users of corporate social responsibility reports such as the shareholders, local communities, employees and other stakeholders should device appropriate channels by which their demands for such reporting can be adequately pressed upon. Ezekwesili, Tochukwu P. | Emeneka, Ogochukwu L "Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting on Performance of Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47520.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47520/corporate-social-responsibility-reporting-on-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-in-nigeria/ezekwesili-tochukwu-p
The study analyzed the effect of corporate social responsibility on the financial performance of
organizations in Nigeria with emphasis on the construction companies. The population constitutes four
construction companies who are the leaders in the business.
Social Sustainability Disclosures and Performance of ICT Firms in Nigeria an ...ijtsrd
Background Sustainability disclosures deal with the measurement, analysis and communication of interactions and links between social, environmental and economic issues constituting the three dimensions of sustainability Aim This study empirically investigated the relationship between social sustainability disclosures and performance of listed ICT firms’ in Nigeria. The study is vital as it portrays the extent to which social sustainability disclosure influences firms’ performance. In order to determine the relationship between social sustainability disclosures SSDs and firms’ performance, social sustainability disclosure index by GRI was used while firms’ performance on the other hand was represented by net assets per share NAPS . Materials and Methods Four hypotheses were formulated to guide the investigation and the statistical test of parameter estimates was conducted using OLS regression model operated with STATA 15. Ex Post Facto design was adopted and data for the study were obtained from the Nigerian Stock Exchange Factbook and the published annual financial reports of the entire listed ICT firms on NSE with data spanning from 2015 2020. Results The finding generally indicates that human rights disclosure, labour practices and decent work disclosure, product responsibility disclosure and societal disclosure have significant influence on firms’ performance NAPS at 5 significant level. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study, the study concludes that social sustainability disclosure has positively improved firms performance over the years. Recommendation The study however suggests that firms should disclose more of this information in their annual reports concerning her commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families and the local communities as the level this information disclosure has exerted significant influence on firms’ performance over the years. Obiora Fabian. C. | Onuora, J. K. J. | Nworah Cynthia. N "Social Sustainability Disclosures and Performance of ICT Firms in Nigeria; an Independent and Joint Effect Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd48007.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-environment/48007/social-sustainability-disclosures-and-performance-of-ict-firms-in-nigeria-an-independent-and-joint-effect-analysis/obiora-fabian-c
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability in the Banking Sector: The ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In this article, we explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability with particular reference to Ethiopian financial industry. In line with this, the paper investigated the practice of corporate social responsibility and its impact on profitability in two private banks in Ethiopia. The study used two sampling phases. The first one is to sample out the two banks among the sixteen private banks operated in the country and the second phase is to select number of respondents within the selected banks. According to National Bank of Ethiopia, (NBE, 2020) annual report among the sixteen private commercial banks operated in the country, six of them were operated in the industry for more than 20 years and two banks namely Dashen and United banks were randomly selected for the study. The study used questionnaires as an instrument for data collection and the Cronbach alpha test was used to test the reliability of the instrument. Correlation analysis was carried out to identify the nature of strength and direction of the relationship between the independent variables (philanthropic, ethical, legal and economic responsibilities) and the dependent variables (profitability), regression analysis was also employed to determine the degree in which the dependent variable can be predicated or explained from the independent variables. The finding reveals that ethical, philanthropic, legal and economic responsibilities of CSR dimension have a positive and significant impact on profitability of the banks. Furthermore, the overall finding of the study suggested that CSR practice of banks has a significant impact on the level of their profitability. The study recommends that banks should improve their efforts exerted towards their CSR practice in order to enhance their profitability.
Determinants of CSR Disclosure: A Study on the Listed Fast Moving Consumer Go...inventionjournals
As the rising of the corporate social responsibilities (CSR) is becoming a concern since the millennium year, especially by large or public listed companies in Bursa Malaysia. However, there are not much of those companies willing to disclose their CSR information to the public. Therefore, this endeavour is to investigate the content of CSR in annual reports and examine the significant relationship between determinants and CSR disclosure of listed fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies in Bursa Malaysia. This is a quantitative research, which involve content analysis since it adopted annual reports as main data resources. CSR, financial, and organisation information are going to be extracted to reckon the relationships between the variables and CSR disclosure by using CSR index and multiple regression. Result based on the analysis indicated that only two variables were significantly correlated with the CSR disclosure, which namely profits earned and independent directors. The top three elements that the most disclosed by these companies are general philanthropy, community programs and employee welfare. This study is important and its helps company in business decision making as this provide the extent of CSR disclosure of the industry. In addition, this study can be as reference to other companies for future CSR implementation.
Corporate Social Responsibility Model Based On “Tri Hita Karana” Cultureinventionjournals
This research was conducted with the background of the CSR activities that are usually done by the company including the BPR industry. So far, CSR has not been adjusted to the values of local wisdom. One of the values of local wisdom in Bali that can be adopted by companies is the cultural value THK. Therefore, this study has the objective to explain the model of CSR-based cultural values THK. This study used a qualitative approach using key informants are stakeholders of the BPR industry, consisting of: the director of BPR, BPR commissioner, banking analyst, cultural experts, and academics. The number of informants there are as many as 15 people. The results showed that the BPR in Bali has implemented CSR activities such as: providing funding punia to pretend, to invite employees to tirta yatra, took off in the days of Hinduism, planting trees, using conditioned taste, using office facilities friendly environment, provide a decent salary, give a reasonable interest rate, giving social assistance to orphanages / nursing, until there doing house renovation. The various CSR activities when combined with cultural concepts THK then be grouped into parahyanganbased CSR, CSR-based pawongan, and CSR-based palemahan. All this THK-based CSR activities have a positive impact for all stakeholders BPR industry in Bali, such as: maintenance of harmonious relations with the BPR employees, customers and the surrounding community, the preservation of the natural environment is good, and the increased performance of BPR.
Addressing Sustainability Exposures through Corporate Social Responsibility i...ijtsrd
There has been considerable progress in holding companies accountable for their social responsibility performance. However, progress on socio economic and environmental impact of their practices has been more limited thereby creating an atmosphere of unfavorable business conduct and sustainability exposures. The absent of internationally recognized standards of corporate social responsibility in Nigeria have further aggravated the issue. There have also been little to no report on corporate responsibility in relation to enterprises overall economic relevance to the economy, import dependency, corruption, labour standards and eco efficiency in Nigeria. To this end, the study examined the extent to which organizations' corporate social responsibility tackles sustainability exposure as required by the Global Reporting Initiative. Survey and content analysis designs were used. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources of six Nigerian companies. T test and ANOVA were also used for the hypotheses tests. It was discovered that organizations' corporate social responsibility significantly addresses sustainability exposure through Global Reporting Initiative and other results. It was recommended that companies in Nigeria should adopt the global reporting initiative as a means of observing their corporate social responsibility. Regulatory authority should as a matter of urgency ensure that companies report on their sustainability impacts on the economy. Bassey Ekpo | Emmanuel E. Okon | Sunny B. Beredugo "Addressing Sustainability Exposures through Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria: An International Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26644.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/26644/addressing-sustainability-exposures-through-corporate-social-responsibility-in-nigeria-an-international-perspective/bassey-ekpo
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Community Development in Akwa Ib...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility on community development in Akwa Ibom State with a particular reference to Julius Berger Company Plc. The study intends to find out how corporate social responsibility activities (basic social amenities, social causes and compensation to community members) enhance community development in Akwa Ibom State the Julius Berger company in Akwa Ibom State claim that they are doing enough in terms of bringing development to the communities as part of their corporate social responsibility, yet the host communities remain hostile and constantly at variance with the company. Point in time data were collected from primary source. The Ordinary Least Square was adopted and finding reveals that corporate social responsibility has significant relationship with community development in Akwa Ibom State. It is therefore recommended that CRS activities like basic social amenities, social causes and compensation to community members and policies regarding these CRS should be improve to enable the Julius Berger company to operate freely in the community and add to their development and CRS activities performed by Julius Berger in Akwa Ibon State should be appreciated by the communities and encouraged them to do more in the future.
Environmental Sustainability Accounting and the Performance of Oil and Gas Co...ijtsrd
This research paper seeks to establish Environmental sustainability Accounting and the performance of Oil and Gas Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. To achieve the objective of the study, hypotheses were formulated, and a review of related literature was made. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis with the aid of E View, using a 5 level of significance. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that the disclosure of human resources disclosure and environmental sustainability disclosure significantly affect the financial performance of oil and gas companies in Rivers State. It was recommended among others that the government should put in place suitable legislation for all companies to make adequate disclosure of their activities to the Environment, and firms should formulate and implement environmentally friendly policies. Isaac Laime Odogu | Timinipre Joseph Okpobo "Environmental Sustainability Accounting and the Performance of Oil & Gas Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50644.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/50644/environmental-sustainability-accounting-and-the-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-in-rivers-state-nigeria/isaac-laime-odogu
Sugarcane Company’s performance has remained to be one of the challenging facts in the growing companies in Kenya today. The delays in harvesting operations are attributed to uncoordinated and unpredictable harvesting and transport schedules; and inefficiencies in mill operations. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to determine the influence of Sustainability Management Systems CSR on firm performance of selected sugarcane companies in Kenya. The study is guided by Corporate Social Performance Theory. This study used ex- post facto research design. Ex- post facto research design determines and reports the way things are. The target population was 528 employees. This study therefore sampled 228 respondents. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 managers, 24 supervisors, 38 accountants and 156 clerks from the 7 sugarcane companies because they have specific information concerning the effects of corporate social responsibility practice on firm performance of selected sugarcane companies in Kenya. Pilot study was done in order to test for validity and reliability of the research tools. The pilot study was done in Trans-Mara Sugar Company found in rift Valley region of Kenya. For inferential statistics, correlation and multiple regression was used for comparative analysis between frequencies of corporate social responsibility practice on firm performance. The study findings indicated that sustainability management systems have an effect on firm performance. The government will use this study in establishing policies that would ensure improvement in firm performance of sugarcane processing firms among other firms in Kenya. The study recommends that the companies should encourage sustainability management systems since sustainable management systems is an important mechanism for improving corporate sustainability performance. It can generate business value through measurement and management of sustainability risks and opportunities. The study recommends further researchers to study on corporate social responsibility strategy and financial performance of firms in Kenya which the study didn’t cover.
Organisations both in the private and public sector across the globe rely on their workforce for optimum productivity which will in turn result to organisational efficiency. In this case, the need for ensuring employee job satisfaction becomes a matter of necessity to every organisation. Though, studies have been conducted by various researchers and scholars in this area, there is however the need to conduct more studies on job satisfaction and performance of an employee since the employees are believed to be an indispensable part of an organisation. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and performance of non-academic staff of Bauchi State University Gadau Nigeria (BASUG). Dissatisfaction is believed to be one of the major factors that demotivates and demoralise employee in the workplace which can result to lower productivity thereby affecting the overall performance of the organisation. Consequently an aggregate of two hundred and seventy questionnaires were distributed non- academic staff of BASUG based on systematic random sampling and data collected is analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The outcome of the analysis depicts that there is positive and significant relationship between job satisfactions on the performance of non- academic staff of the University. The study will serve as a policy guide to the management of the Nigerian Universities in areas relating to employee performance improvement through job satisfaction and it will also further make an impetus the field of organisational behaviour and human resource management
The aim of this research paper is to investigate how reading English newspapers improves vocabulary and reading skills of Students of Dhaka University. The target population of this study ranges from first year to Masters‟ students of Dhaka University. The study was conducted on thirty students by means of questionnaire. A list of twenty words from “The Daily Star” on 21 November 2015 was provided to test how much vocabulary participants have learnt by reading English newspapers. On the basis of questionnaire and vocabulary list, the study focuses on the effectiveness of English Newspapers in improving vocabulary and reading skills. The study indicates that students‟ vocabulary and reading skills are gradually improving.
In the history of English literature, William Shakespeare is remarked as the giant of the Renaissance and history of the world dramas. The greatest dramatist Shakespeare was really better at portraying the female characters than the other dramatists in that period. When creating Hamlet, Shakespeare indeed tried his best to reflect the life truly, but the period when he lived in and the personal sexual identity creates under the influence of that period decided his view of male power. It is just the times in which females were realized narrowly and the fact that Shakespeare was a masculine gender that the female images in Hamlet suffered a lot, and they have been represented as one kind of slaves in the history since they did not have any choice to do for their own shake. In the play Hamlet Gertrude and Ophelia are the two significant women characters in which the attitude of the dramatist explores. The central female character Gertrude married Claudius (murderer) second time after only two months later of king‟s death, she cannot win the heart of his first husband King Hamlet as well as the heart of second husband Claudius, even she is hated by her own son prince Hamlet. The study is a comprehensive analysis on the tragedy of Shakespeare‟s Hamlet focusing on deconstructive Feminism. The main hypothesis of the study is that women in Hamlet are represented as less important and negative labels and it has reinforced and toughened the patriarchy and patriarchal principles
In the recent years, there has been a considerable growth in the name of arrest without warrant and the inhuman torture of the person arrested in the name of interrogation while under the police custody. This paper has examined the impact of making arrest without warrant and the sufferings of the arrested person without trial which give rise to the question of violation of human rights. The central focus of this research is to explore the role of the police to protect the human rights in Bangladesh and to find out the problems faced by the police while performing their duties. It also aims to go through the existing human rights situation in Bangladesh as well as to find out the ways by making effective recommendations to improve the situation through positive role played by the police in this regard.
Grammar is the basic of a language. Without learning grammar language learning is incomplete. Now a day, communicative English has diminished the importance of teaching grammar. As a result, proper English learning is being hampered in many levels. Learners are using English without learning it. Communicative English has strengthened the speaking skills of the learners. But without proper use of Grammar non-native learners are not being able to write in English as much as they speak. Of course, linguistic competence and communicative competence is not the same thing but without one the other is vague. The misconception about the implementation of the modern method Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is that it does not incorporate Grammar. From this misconception Grammar is being ignored and it has become important to bring about a change in the selection and grading procedures of communicative grammar teaching materials. This paper deals with the importance of explicit and implicit grammar, suggestion about the implementation of strong and weak version of CLT, needs analysis, selection and grading procedures to choose appropriate materials for teaching communicative English grammar in different levels of CLT classroom in Bangladesh.
It is not a hard task to imagine the impact of the First World War on authors and poets. The First World War was the first greatest hostility among the nations and the whole earth witnessed its devastation. At that time traditional norms began to receive a sudden shock. In every sector: social, economic or cultural, common people began to observe an unexpected transition and as authors and poets had more receptive personalities, they captured this situation and engaged themselves to put an end to the old systems. They manipulated their writings to welcome this new phenomenon. In Mrs Dalloway, Virginia Woolf has focused on post war London with people who have survived and continued their lives despite the tumult of war. The First World War also left great imprint on the history and psyche of the people of other part of the globe. In Kazi Nazrul Islam‟s famous epistolary novel Badhon Hara, some glimpses of the day to day lives of typical Bangali of West Bengal are portrayed during wartime. The events of both novels have an indirect link with the Great War but war is not the sole theme in both of these novels. These two novels emphasize human relationship, love and affection and make the readers aware of a sense of freedom. This paper tries to make a comparative study between Mrs. Dalloway and Badhon Hara to find out the similarities and also the unique properties that are manifested in these two pieces of post war literature
The study was conducted to find out the Present scenario of green banking practices in Bangladesh. Green
banking is not just a corporate social responsibility activity; it is all about going beyond to keep the world livable
without any significant damage. Green banking that considers all the social and environmental factors is also
called ethical banking. The main objective of green Banking is to ensure the use of organizational resources in
favor of the environment and society. Green banking as a concept is proactive and smart way of thinking with a
vision for future sustainability of our only Spaceship earth. Bangladesh Bank is the first central bank in the world
that has taken real initiatives to facilitate the way of Green banking practice. With some specific guidelines and
legal frameworks the central bank of Bangladesh has been urging all the commercial banks in Bangladesh to
develop their own Green Banking Policies.
Micro financing is a very popular form of financing for rural poor people, especially for women. Through micro financing many rural women changed their life. They change their living standard, children health, children education and so on. The aim of this research work is to examine the role of microcredit in income generating activities of women and its impact on their socio-economic empowerment. The target population of the research was those sample both men and women who had availed microcredit facilities from some microcredit providing institutions or organizations in district Noakhali, Bangladesh. During this research, we also include some male sample to compare percentage of self-employment. Survey method was used as techniques of data collection. The majority of population was illiterate or semi-literate, so interview schedule was used as a tool of data collection. We have collected information of 109 sample including both male and female. But majority are female. Descriptive as well as non parametric test was used for data analysis. The results showed that most of the females who availed the facility of microcredit finally got socioeconomic empowerment through acquiring the self esteem, business skills, confidence level, decision making power, etc. The findings of the research showed that microcredit has significant impact on the up lift of socio-economic empowerment of the borrowers in district Noakhali and at the end of the research, some recommendations is given in this regards.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.
Tmuj p77
1. The Millennium University Journal; Vol. 1, No. 1; 2016
ISSN 2225-2533
Published by The Millennium University
77
Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance of Some
Selected Banks in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis
Ibrahim Aliyu Gololo1
1
Accounting Department, Faculty of Social and Management Science, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Bauchi,
Nigeria
E-mail: aliyugololo2@gmail.com
Correspondence: House No. 3 CFA, Quarters, Tel: +234 8036312938/08026903796
Bendel road New GRA Bauchi.Bauchi State, Nigeria
Received: November 20, 2016 Accepted: November 23, 2016 Online Published: November 25, 2016
Abstract
This study examines empirically the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial
performance of some selected banks in Nigeria with the use of secondary data, sourced from six (6) selected
banks annual reports and accounts using Judgemental sampling in a population of fifteen (15) Banks. Financial
summary between “2002-2011” i.e. ten (10) years period and NSE FACT Book were used to obtain data. The
objective of this study is to examine the impact of banks financial performance on Corporate Social
Responsibility. The study utilized multiple regressions for the analysis of collected data, findings from the
analysis of selected banks show that financial performance (PAT, ROCE, EPS) have significant positive impact
on corporate social responsibility, and the collinearity test show that there is no Multicollinearity between the
independents variables. The Independent Variables are PAT, ROE, ROA, EPS and ROCE which constitute
indicators of banks financial performance while the Dependent variables are Philanthropic, Economic, Legal and
Ethical Responsibilities (CSR). It is recommended that Nigerian banks should embrace the culture of CSR and
government should established laws and regulations to oblige financial institutions or rather banks in Nigeria to
give adequate attention to social responsibility, social accounting and put in place strong mechanisms and
institutions to monitor compliance and if possible determine the quantum amount of charitable contribution to be
reported in their annual reports and accounts by providing index or range.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Performance, Nigeria.
1. Introduction
In recent years, there has been a growing interest, both in the academic as well as the business world in Nigeria,
around the issue of Corporate Social Responsibility and financial Performance (CSRFP). In the Nigerian society,
corporate social responsibility has been a highly contemporary and contextual issue to all stakeholders including
government, the corporate organization such as financial institutions and the general public. Some ten years ago,
what characterized the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria was fragrant pollution of the air, water and noise to the
environment, most corporate organizations are concerned about what they can take out of the society, and
de-emphasized the need to give back to the society (their host communities). This attitude often renders the entire
community unhabitable. A case in mind is the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. This translated to negative integrity and
reputation on the part of corporate identity as people perceived this as exploitation and greed for profitability and
wealth maximization within a decaying economy of Nigeria (Babalola 2011).
However, the general belief is that both business and society gain when banks actively strive to be socially
responsible, that is, the corporate organizations gain enhanced reputation, competitive advantage, better patronage
etc while society gains from the social projects executed by the corporate organizations. The importance of
banking sector in the economy of any nation cannot be over emphasized, because banks in Nigeria by being
2. The Millennium University Journal; Vol. 1, No. 1; 2016
ISSN 2225-2533
Published by The Millennium University
78
socially responsible augment the government efforts and create the environment conducive for both their business
to operate and the general public (Adeyanju, 2011). From the foregoing, CSR is the concept that an organization
needs to consider its impact on their operations and business practices on not just the shareholders, but also its
customers, suppliers, employees, members of the community it operates in, and even the environment. It is a way
of saying thank you and expressing appreciation to all stakeholders in the business. It is a conscious effort to give
back to the society in which the corporation has benefitted immensely. Advocates of CSR argue that companies
with good social and environmental records will perform better in the long run. This is because customers will like
to patronize any company with good social and environmental records more than companies without such records
as they will be seen to have identified with the community.
There is no business organisation that can exist in isolation; it must have a community it operates with in terms of
location for its successful operation Gunu, (2008). Moreover, Oba,(2009) observes that CSR has been a growing
dimensions in accounting theory and practice since 1970‟s and the accounting profession has been involved in the
struggle to ensure that social responsibility expenditures are accounted for and adequately disclosed in the annual
reports of financial statements. Therefore, there should be some practical roles that the organisations must play for
its impact to be felt by the community where the business operates. Although it entirely depend on the performance
level of the organisation (i.e. return on equity, return on assets, net current assets, profit after tax, total turnover,
earning per share, return on investment, net asset per share, book value per share, e t c) being an indicators of
performance. If Nigerian businesses particularly Commercial Banks learns that to do well it has to do good, then
we can hope to tackle the major challenges facing our societies today. The economic realities ahead are such that
„social needs‟ can be financed increasingly only if their solution generates commensurate earning which precisely
is what business is known for. In essence firms involved in CSR are actually not regretting because of the increase
made on their sales leading to profit and how they have impacted the environment. The significance of CSR as a
vital tool for the societal progressiveness cannot be over emphasized. This can be seen from the points of view of
showing concern for the welfare of the community in order to reap peace, competent and cheaper manpower, a
platform for a better community; by making the host community worthy of livelihood in terms of infrastructural
development; and by boosting their image, reducing advert cost, gaining an edge over competitors, and creating
goodwill in the society. The views of whether businesses have any social responsibilities are divergent and
argumentative in nature since CSR encompasses varieties of issues such as corporate conscience, corporate
governance, corporate citizenship or stewardship, business responsibility, business citizenship, social performance,
sustainable responsible business, social activities, such as philanthropy and environmental activities, Tilt (2009).
The issues related to CSR could be grouped into three categories: corporate governance, environmental aspects,
and social aspects Tsoutsoura (2004). The term corporate social responsibility is linked to the concept of triple
bottom line reporting (People, Planet, Profit), which is use as a framework for measuring an organisation‟s
performance against economic, social and environmental parameters Shah (2007). Some managers are looking at
CSR as a child of necessity for business growth or expansion while others are looking at it as a mere waste of
limited resources available in an organisation as Friedman point of contention “There is one and only one social
responsibility of business: to use its resources and energy in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it
stays within the rules of the game and engages in an open and free competition, without deception or fraud”
(Friedman 1970). In essence what Friedman argued is that the only primary responsibility for business is to pursue
profits within the limits of the law. This study adopted the Friedman (1970) definition because of its relevancy.
The study of CSR gained an added contribution to the existing work of other authors who discussed issues on
CSR and performance such as McWilliams and Siegel (2000); Orlitzky, Schmidt & Rynes (2003); Brine, Brown &
Hackett (2006); Regina (2010); Uadiale & Fagbemi, (2011), they further examine how various factors that
surrounds CSR affect firms‟ performance and profitability, thus, is going to be useful for managers in making
prudent and financial decision, business stakeholder, governments agencies and some other interested bodies to
expand their knowledge on the research topic.
This study identified inability of many banks in Nigeria to be socially responsible due to the daunting challenges
which affect implementation of CSR policy, even though there are many studies that have been conducted on CSR
and Performance, but most of the studies are largely foreign base, therefore cannot provide adequate and
conclusive evidence on impact of financial performance on CSR of banks in Nigeria.
The objective of this study is to examine the impact of banks financial performance on corporate social
responsibility to the host communities.
In line with the objective, the Null Hypothesis is formulated.
3. The Millennium University Journal; Vol. 1, No. 1; 2016
ISSN 2225-2533
Published by The Millennium University
79
Ho1: Financial Performance has no any significant impact on corporate social responsibility of banks.
The outcome of this study will assist the commercial banks entire management in Nigeria to know whether CSR
made impact on banks performance, it will also be of economic, social, cultural and even political importance to
the shareholders, competitors, analyst and government.
2. Literature Review
2.1 The Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance
There are myriad of definitions of CSR and this generate to a great deal of ambiguity and uncertainty about what
CSR really means. Currently, CSR is the second most important factor in a company‟s reputation next to the
quality of products.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, social performance,
or sustainable responsible business. Corporate social responsibility as defined by European Commission (2011) is
“CSR is a process that integrate social, environmental, ethical and human rights concerns into the business
operations and core strategy in close collaboration with the stakeholders”. Pg. 22
CSR social activities may include charitable contributions to local and national organizations such as fundraising,
donations and gifts in areas where it trades and others like regeneration of deprived communities and protection of
environment. However, The World Business Council for Sustainable Development(WBCSD) in its publication
“Corporate social responsibility: Making Good Business Sense” by Holme and Watts (2004), Sees CSR“ as the
continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving
the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large” Pg.11
According to Macmillan (2005), CSR is a term describing a company‟s obligation to be accountable to all its
stakeholders in all its operations and activities. On their part, Business for Social Responsibility (BSR), a leading
Global Business partner, in a Forum held in (2006) defined CSR “as achieving commercial success in ways that
honors ethical values and respect people, communities, and the natural environment” Pg.3
For BSR, CSR also means addressing the legal, ethical, commercial and other expectations society has for business,
and making decisions that fairly balance the claim of all key stakeholders. In its simplest terms, it is: “what you do”,
“how you do it” “and when and what you say”. In this sense, CSR is viewed as a comprehensive set of policies,
practices and programmes that are integrated into business operations, supply chain, and decision making
processes throughout the company and wherever the company does businesses that are supported and rewarded by
top management. In their definition, Carroll and Bocholt, (2003) defined CSR as economic, legal, ethical, and
discretionary expectations that society has for organizations at a given point in time. Adepoju, (2011) Sees CSR
as concept where an organization goes on its own to initiate actions that will impact positively on its host
community, its environment and the people generally. From the foregoing, what cuts across a number of
definitions that scholars have proposed on the concept of CSR is the general belief that, beyond the quest to
maximize corporate profits, corporate organizations play a crucial role in solving society‟s problems.
However, we can rightly said, CSR is about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall
positive impact on society. In other words, it is a concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to
better the society.
Numerous academic researchers have examined the relationship between CSR and financial performance to
determine the sign of the relationship and the direction of causation (Makni, Francoevr and Bellavance 2008). CSR
focus on the social responsibility of businesses to its various stakeholders while financial performance looks at the
results of the company policies and operations in monetary terms. These results are reflected normally in form of
ratios such as ROE, ROA, EPS, and ROCE etc (Lammertjan 2010).
As the relationship between CSR and financial performance has been highly developed, the link between CSR and
financial performance may be positive, negative or neutral based on the summary of findings of many authors by
the researcher. Thus, we can divide researches in to three groups: Those that found positive relationship
(Tsoutsoura, 2004; Saleh, Zulkifli & Muhamad (2007); Huanglin, Yang & Liou (2008); Gunu (2008); Regina
(2010); Uadiale & Fagbemi (2011); Uwalomwa & Egbide 2011) suggests that CSR improves company value and
image which in the long run improve financial performance. Those which found negative relationship ( Friedman
1970; Aupperle, Carroll & Hatfield 1985; Soana 2005), believed that adopting CSR idea is at detriment of the
stakeholders because corporation must use its resources only to maximize its profits and otherwise it will have
adverse results on its financial performance, they went further to say that CSR emphasizes activities such as
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charitable donations, support to community projects, installation of environmental protection equipment and
supporting community education, etc. and this can be seen as carrying a significant cost element on business that
may distract resources from more economically profitable uses and those which found neutral relationship
(MacWilliams & Siegel 2000, Adeboye, Oluwatoyosi & Elizabeth 2011), are of the view that CSR have neutral
relationship with financial performance of corporations. In view of this conflicting result in trying to find the
existence of relationship between the CSR and financial performance we can rightly say that it is not an easy task
to discover the linkage between the two key terms (Ullmann 1985). Hence the relationship is unclear.
On the other hand, wide variety of definitions of firm performance has also been proposed in the literature. Both
accounting and market definitions have been used to study the relationship between CSR and firm performance
(Orlitzky, Schmidt, & Rynes, 2003). Financial performance is one of the criterions of determining CSR of banks,
in order to gain more insight about financial performance, accountants and financial analysts make use of ratios in
making qualitative judgment about a firm‟s financial performance. Different types of ratios can be calculated from
the financial statement pertaining to a company, those ratios can be grouped into four broad categories namely
leverage, liquidity, activity and profitability ratios. The leverage ratio reveals the extent to which a firm is financed
with debt, the liquidity ratio measures the ability of the firm to meet its maturing short term obligation, while
activity ratio evaluates the efficiency with which the firm manages and utilizes the assets available to it in
generating sales and profit. Our focus however, is on the profitability and liquidity ratios of banks; the reason is
because those ratios are the determining factors for charitable contribution Nzewi (2009).
2.2 Forms of Corporate Social Responsibility
Caroll (2000) identified four types of CSR with an Organization can pursue, and they include:
2.2.1 Economic Responsibilities
A company's first responsibility is its economic responsibility that is to say, a company needs to be primarily
concerned with turning a profit. This is for the simple fact that if a company does not make money, it won't last,
employees will lose jobs and the company won't even be able to think about taking care of its social responsibilities.
Before a company thinks about being a good corporate citizen, it first needs to make sure that it can be profitable.
2.2.2 Legal Responsibilities
A company's legal responsibilities are the requirements that are placed on it by the law. Next to ensuring that
company is profitable, ensuring that it obeys all laws and regulations is the most important responsibility,
according to the theory of CSR legal responsibilities can range from securities regulations to labor law and
environmental law.
2.2.3 Ethical Responsibilities
Ethical responsibilities are responsibilities that a company puts on itself because its owners believe it's the right
thing to do not because they have an obligation to do so. It includes doing what is right, fair and just.
2.2.4 Philanthropic Responsibilities
If a company is able to meet all of its other responsibilities, it can begin meeting philanthropic responsibilities.
Philanthropic responsibilities are responsibilities that go above and beyond what is simply required or what the
company believes is right. They involve making an effort to benefit society for example, by donating, funds,
services, projects, etc to community where they operates.
2.3 Review of Empirical Studies
Banking institutions in Nigeria have spent billions of naira from 2002-2011 as their contribution towards provision
of infrastructures, protecting the environment of the host communities, outright charities such as donations of
relief materials to refugees or disaster victims, as well as scholarship schemes and sponsorship of sport
programmes. However, the CSR policy got government backing in Nigeria when the federal Executive Council
(FEC) on Wednesday May 2008 approved the development of a CSR policy for the country, to instill ethical
behavior in Nigerian Businesses. The minister of National Planning Commission, Dr Sanusi Daggash, who gave
details of the memorandum, said it referred to the adoption of responsible business practices by organizations, to
improve the society at large‟‟. He said the policy would include “beyond law commitment” and activities that
would necessitate an expectation to „give back‟ to the society. He reiterated that the policy would ensure corporate
governance and ethics, health and safety, human rights, human resource management, anti-bribery and
anticorruption measures.
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On the other hand, a review of many empirical studies on CSR and financial performance was carried out, like in
the case of Mac Williams and Siegel (2000) that found a neutral relationship between CSR and Financial
performance by using multivariate regression analysis. They used KLD index for CSR and ROA as a proxy for
financial performance.
Orlitzky, Schmidt, & Rynes, et al (2003) carried out a research on the topic; CSR and corporate financial
performance (CFP). They integrated 30 years of research from 52 previous studies by using Meta analytical
techniques and their results confirmed a strong positive correlation between financial performance and the CSR.
They used KLD index as a CSR proxy and P/E ratio, ROE and ROA as proxies for financial performance.
Conversely, Tsoutsoura (2004), used extensive data over a period of five years (i.e. 1996-2000) and explored the
relationship between CSR and financial performance (i.e. the financial data used are ROA, ROE, EPS, ROS of S &
P firms and tested by using Multiple Regression Analysis method which is found to be positively and statistically
significant.
So also, Brine et al (2006) investigate the relationship between CSR and financial performance in the Australian
context. The result obtained by using cross sectional regression analysis is insignificant and no positive impact
between the key two terms. Proxies selected for financial performance were ROA, ROE, ROS and CSR is
considered as the dependent variable.
In addition, Saleh et al, (2007) found positive relationship between CSR disclosure and financial performance in
emerging market by using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. They considered ROE, ROA, employee
relations, environment and community involvement as the proxies for the study.
In his research, Gunu (2008) studied banking sector on the research topic “The influence of CSR on the financial
performance of Banks” which considered only Zenith bank and individual regression of equations instead of taken
a reasonable number of sample banks to study. Because under normal circumstances you cannot take single bank
out of about twenty four (24) listed banks and make generalization based on the study. His results are that financial
performance was positively related to CSR.
According to Nzewi (2009) a positive moderate relationship exist between CSR and financial performance on the
research topic “Financial indicators influence on CSR of Nigerian financial institutions” uses multiple regression
analysis as tool of data analysis, the research utilized panel data of companies which takes Philanthropic as
independent variables and considered ROE, ROA as dependent variables.
Lammertjan (2010) examined the relationship between CSR and financial performance paradox by using CAPM
as the techniques for the data analysis, the results showed a positive significant relationship between CSR and
financial performance as ROE, ROI, ROA are considered as independent variables.
Other researchers like Oba (2009); Jong, Young & Chongwoo (2010); Theofanis Karagiogos (2010) Keffas,
Victoria & Briggs (2011) found a positive relationship between CSR and financial performance in the Nigerian,
Korean, Greek, U.S.A, UK, and Japan Firms.
It is obvious from the aforementioned empirical researches that positive, negative and neutral relationship exists
between CSR and financial performance. In short many scholars argued that, the results of researches on the
relation between CSR and financial performance vary depending upon the models used, data and countries.
2.4 Theory Underpining Corporate Social Responsibiliy
Different theoretical frameworks have been used to examine CSR and financial performance such as agency theory,
legitimacy theory, stakeholders‟ theory, Accountability theory, political economy theory, e.t.c. However, the
theoretical framework underpinning this study is stakeholder‟s theory because is a theory of organizational
management and business ethics that addresses morals and values in managing an organization. Stakeholder‟s
theory attempts to address the principle of whom or what really counts (Glautier & Underdown 2011).
Stakeholder‟s theory incorporate not only the investors, customers and suppliers but also governmental bodies,
political groups, trade associated corporations, trade unions, communities, associated corporations, prospective
employees, prospective customers and the general public at large.
Therefore, given attention to the domains of CSR activities by companies improves the relations with their
stakeholders that were identified, ultimately resulting in better overall financial performance (Waddock & Graves,
1997).
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3. Objectives of the Research
The objectives of this research are-
To evaluate the impact of CSR on the return on equity (ROE) of listed banks in Nigeria.
Determine the impact of CSR on the return on assets (ROA) of listed banks in Nigeria.
Determine the impact of CSR on the earnings per share (EPS) of listed banks in Nigeria.
To examine the impact of CSR on the return on capital employed (ROCE) of listed banks in Nigeria.
4. Methodology of the Research
This study used expost factor research design, secondary data were used which include annual reports and
account of six (6) selected banks in Nigeria and information from NSE FACT book. Six banks were sample out
using Judgemental sampling from the study population; Data are sourced for the period of ten years (2002-2011)
and were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and this was done by comparing each of the dependent
variable against the five explanatory variables to test the relationship between CSR and financial performance.
4.1 Model Specification
This study examines the relationship between CSR and Financial Performance of Six selected banks in Nigeria.
The model in this study has been designed by using multiple regression analysis and this is in line with the work
of Tsoutsoura, (2004) and Boutilier, (2007). The model consider all the four components of CSR as dependents
variables (i.e. Philanthropic, Economic, Legal and Ethical Responsibility) and the model at same time has five
explanatory variables; PAT, ROE, ROA, EPS and ROCE. The equations are:
Y = α₀ + β₁x₁+ β₂x₂ + β3x3 + β4x4 +β5x5 --- ---- αnxn + en -------- (1 )
While
CSR(Philan Resp ; Econ Resp ; Leg Resp ; Ethic Resp = f (PAT,ROE,ROA, EPS, ROCE)
Representing CSR = f (PAT,ROE,ROA, EPS, ROCE) in equation (1) will yield this equation
CSR = α₀ + β₁ PAT + β₂ ROE+ β3 ROA +β4 EPS +β5 ROCE e
Where:
CSR = Philan Resp; Econ Resp; Legal Resp; Ethical Resp.
PhilResp= α₀ +β1 PAT + β2 ROE +β3 ROA +β4 EPS + β5 ROCE
Econ Resp= α₀ +β1 PAT + β2 ROE + β3 ROA + β4 EPS +β5 ROCE
Legal Resp= α₀ +β1 PAT + β2 ROE +β3 ROA + β4 EPS + β5 ROCE
Ethic Resp= α₀ + β1 PAT + β2 ROE +β3 ROA + β4 EPS + β5 ROCE
αo = intercept
β₁, β₂, β3, β4 and β5 =parameters
PAT = profit after tax
ROE = Return on Equity
ROA = Return on Assets
EPS = Earnings per Share
ROCE= Return On Capital Employed
e = error term
5. Data Analysis and Findings
Table 1: Showing Profit After Tax and Investment in CSR of Six Selected Banks in Nigeria
Years Bank Name Profit After Tax
N’000
Investment In CSR
N
2002-2011 Access Bank plc 96,950,446 402,185,314
2002-2011 First Bank Plc 183,325,000 2,330,436,800
2002-2011 GTB plc 172,653,514 940,103,342
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2002-2011 UBA Plc 83,160,000 994,475,454
2002-2011 Union Bank Plc 186,776,000 345,688,537
2002-2011 WEMA Bank Plc 52,645,000 312,547,125
Source: Researcher computation from Annual reports & Account
The table above explains the relationship between CSR and banks performance in Nigeria. The table revealed that
the amount committed to CSR in terms of donations vary from one bank to the other, it shows that the higher the
PAT the higher the Investment in CSR.
5.1 Regression Results
Summary of Regression Results of PAT, ROE, ROA, EPS, ROCE on Philanthropic, Economic, Legal and Ethical
Responsibilities.
The values of R and R Square for the philanthropic responsibility regression result are .590 and .348 respectively.
This indicates that the explanatory variables account for 34% of changes in the dependent variable; which implies
that 41% of the variation was caused by changes in the exogenous variables. However, a closer look at the
correlation matrix sig value above reveals that (PAT =.001) which correlate with Philanthropic responsibility and is
significant at 1% level of 2-tailed, this shows that there is positive significant relationship between Philanthropic
responsibility and Profit after tax, ROCE also correlate with Philanthropic responsibility at (ROCE=.004) and is
significant at 5% level of 2-tailed which shows also a positive significant relationship with philanthropic
responsibility, the coefficients of both PAT and ROCE are .351 and .432 which they have positive relationship
with philanthropic responsibility and this implies that an increase in PAT and Capital Employed result in increase
in philanthropic responsibility. The collinearity test show that there is no multicollinearity between the
independent variables as would be seen in the appendix, all the tolerance values are < 0.1. The ROE, ROA and EPS
all have negative and inverse relationship with philanthropic responsibility. The overall significant of F Statistics
value indicate 5.767 and are significant at .000a which shows the fitness and reliability of the model because the
higher the F values the better the model (Andy 2000). Therefore Ho1 (Null Hypothesis) is rejected and H1 is
accepted since financial performance have significant impact on corporate social responsibility of banks.
The values of R and R Square for economic responsibility regression results are .478 and .228 respectively. This
indicates that the explanatory variables account for 22% of changes in the dependent variable; which implies that
78% of the variation was caused by changes in the exogenous variables. However, A closer look at the
correlation matrix sig value above reveals that (PAT =.015) correlate with Economic responsibility but is
insignificant at 1% and 5% level of 2-tailed, this shows that there is no significant relationship between Economic
responsibility and Profit after tax, EPS also correlate with Economic responsibility at (EPS=.014) and is
insignificant which also shows no relationship with Economic responsibility, the ROE and ROCE shows
negative relationship when look at their coefficients values of -.189 and -.004 while ROA is having .184. The
collinearity test show that there is no multicollinearity between the independent variables as the tolerance values
are <0.1. The overall significant of F Statistics value indicate 3.193 and is significant at .013a which shows the
fitness and reliability of the model.
The values of R and R Square for legal responsibility regression result are .527 and .278 respectively. This
indicates that the explanatory variables account for 27% of changes in the dependent variable; which implies that
73% of the variation was caused by changes in the exogenous variables. However, a closer look at the correlation
matrix sig value above reveals that (EPS =.002) which correlate with legal responsibility and is significant at 5%
level of 2-tailed, this shows that there is positive significant relationship between legal responsibility and Earnings
per Share, ROCE, PAT,ROE and ROA all have inverse negative relationship with legal responsibility. The
collinearity tests show that there is no multicollinearity between the independent variables as the tolerance values
are < 0.1. The overall significant of F Statistics value indicate 4.162 and are significant at .003a which shows the
fitness and reliability of the model.
The values of R and R Square for ethical responsibility regression results are .690 and .437 respectively. This
indicates that the explanatory variables account for 43% of changes in the dependent variable; which implies that
57% of the variation was caused by changes in the exogenous variables. However, a closer look at the correlation
matrix sig value above reveals that PAT, ROE, ROA, EPS, ROCE do not correlate with the ethical responsibility
because the values are > 1% and 5% Significant values of 2-tailed and this implies that whether there is change in
any variable ethical responsibility is being carried out. The coefficient of PAT, ROA and ROCE are having
negative relationship with ethical responsibility. The collinearity test shows that there is no multicollinearity
between the independent variables as the tolerance values are < 0.1. The overall significant of F Statistics value
indicate 7.480 shows fitness and reliability of the model.
Summarily, the entire results indicates that PAT, ROCE and EPS correlate and are significant at .001, .004
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and .002 at both 1% and 5% level of significant with CSR and therefore Ho1(Null Hypothesis) is rejected and H1
is accepted since financial performance have significant impact on corporate social responsibility of selected
banks.
Based on the analysis made in the preceding sections, the researcher finds that PAT, ROCE, EPS have a positive
significant impact on CSR of the selected Nigerian banks. There is positive relationship between PAT, ROCE and
Philanthropic responsibility and EPS and legal responsibility, this findings is in line with the results of Tsoutsoura
(2004), Boutilier (2007), Saleh et al (2007), and Uadiale & Fagbemi (2011) who also found positive relationship
and statistical significant between CSR and Financial Performance using Multiple regression analysis.
6. Conclusion and Recommendation
This study has been able to identify the impact of financial performance on CSR of some selected banks In the
Nigerian society. A company has to give back to the society in which it operates, clean up all forms of pollution it
has caused in its course of operation and also provide infrastructural facilities to the society as a way of giving back
and developing the society. CSR greatly impact on the society by adding to the infrastructures and development of
the society, by providing infrastructure, supporting research and providing learning support materials, banks
augment government‟s efforts and create an environment conducive to the people which will impact lives
positively. In line with the findings of the study, the researcher concludes that there is positive relationship between
financial performance indicators (i.e PAT, ROCE, EPS) and CSR of selected banks in Nigeria.
It is recommended that Nigerian banks should embrace the spirit of being socially responsible because by
involving in CSR, it will add to the goodwill of their companies thereby increasing their financial worth eventually,
boost the image of their banks, giving them an edge over other banks through increasing patronage of their services,
they should also increase the amount of money spends on Philanthropic responsibility and the government should
determine the quantum amount of charitable donation to be made by banks based on the amount of profits after
tax reported in their annual reports and effective mechanisms and institutions should be employ to ensure
compliance. The researcher also recommends that greater attention should be given to social accounting and
social costs by Banks in Nigeria and finally Nigerian government should works closely with the private sector to
support economic development.
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Appendix
Appendix A: Sample Population
S/N Banks Name
1. FirstBank Of Nig Plc
2. Guarantee Trust Bank Plc
3. United Bank For Africa Plc
4. Union Bank Plc
5. Access Bank Plc
6. WEMA Bank Plc
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Appendix B: Philantrophic Responsibility Regression Result
Table 1: Summary of Regression Result of PAT, ROE, ROA, EPS, ROCE on Philantrophic Responsibility
Variables Coefficient T-Value Sig
Value
Collinearity
Tolerance
VIF
PAT .351 3.044 .001 .908 1.101
ROE -.099 -.860 .819 .902 1.109
ROA -.058 -.487 .684 .841 1.189
EPS -.353 -.2.728 .384 .720 1.1390
ROCE .432 3.372 .004 .736 1.359
R .590a
R
2 .348
Adjusted
R
2
.288
Std. Error
of Est.
35255.21995
F. Stat 5.767
Sig. of F
stat.
.000a
Predictors: (Constant), PAT, ROA, ROE, EPS,ROCE
Dependent Variable: PHILRESP
Appendix C: Economic Responsibility Regression Result
Table 2: Summary Of Regression Result Of PAT, ROE ,ROA, EPS, ROCE On Economic Responsibility
Variables Coefficient T-Value Sig
Value
Collinearity
Tolerance
VIF
PAT .305 2.435 .015 .908 1.101
ROE -.189 -1.498 .709 .902 1.109
ROA .184 -1.412 .827 .841 1.189
EPS .375 2.661 .014 .720 1.1390
ROCE -.004 -.027 .184 .736 1.1359
R .478a
R
2 .228
Adjusted
R
2
.457
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Std. Error
of Est.
.31480
F. Stat 3.193
Sig. of F
stat.
.013a
Predictors: (Constant), PAT, ROA, ROE, EPS,ROCE
Dependent Variable: ECONRESP
Appendix D: Legal Responsibility Regression Result
Table 3: Summary of Regression Result of PAT, ROE, ROA, EPS, ROCE on Legal Responsibility
Variables Coefficient T-Value Sig Value Collinearity
Tolerance
VIF
PAT -.106 -.871 .306 .908 1.101
ROE -.112 -.918 .379 .902 1.109
ROA -.176 -1.397 .023 .841 1.189
EPS .477 3.503 .002 .720 1.1390
ROCE -.258 -1.912 .687 .736 1.1359
R .527a
R
2 .278
Adjusted R
2 .211
Std. Error of
Est.
.16076
F. Stat 4.162
Sig. of F
stat.
.003a
Predictors: (Constant), PAT, ROA, ROE, EPS, ROCE
Dependent Variable: LEGRESP
Appendix E: Ethical Responsibility Regression Result
Table 4: Summary of Regression Result of PAT, ROE, ROA, EPS, ROCE On Ethical Responsibility
Variables Coefficient T-Value Sig
Value
Collinearity
Tolerance
VIF
PAT -.072 -.517 .446 .908 1.101
ROE .025 .178 .867 .902 1.109
ROA -.140 -.965 .356 .841 1.189
EPS .058 .369 .807 .720 1.1390
ROCE -.153 -.986 .398 .736 1.1359
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R .690a
R
2 .437
Adjusted R
2 .367
Std. Error
of Est.
.45728
F. Stat 7.480
Sig. of F
stat.
.001a
Predictors: (Constant), ROCE, ROE, ROA, PAT, EPS
Dependent Variable: ETHIRESP
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