tlc

1. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
• Principle, Procedure, and Applications
• Your Name
• Institution
• Date

2. Introduction to Chromatography
• • Definition of chromatography
• • Brief history
• • Importance in analytical chemistry

3. What is TLC?
• • Definition of Thin Layer Chromatography
• • Diagram of a TLC plate (insert image if
needed)

4. Principle of TLC
• • Capillary action
• • Separation based on polarity and affinities

5. Components of TLC
• • Stationary phase: Silica gel or alumina
• • Mobile phase: Solvent
• • Sample: Compound to be separated

6. Materials Required
• • TLC plates
• • Developing chamber
• • Solvent system
• • Capillary tubes
• • UV lamp

7. Preparing the TLC Plate
• • Coating and drying
• • Activation by heating
• • Marking baseline

8. Spotting the Sample
• • Use of capillary tubes
• • Small and concentrated spots

9. Developing the Plate
• • Place in solvent chamber
• • Solvent rises by capillary action
• • Mark solvent front

10. Visualizing the Spots
• • UV light visualization
• • Iodine chamber
• • Staining reagents

11. Calculating Rf Value
• Rf = Distance moved by compound / Distance
moved by solvent
• • Example: Rf = 2.5 cm / 5.0 cm = 0.5

12. Factors Affecting TLC
• • Solvent polarity
• • Adsorbent type
• • Sample size
• • Chamber saturation

13. TLC vs. Other Chromatography
• • Comparison with paper chromatography
• • Comparison with HPLC/Column
chromatography

14. Applications of TLC
• • Drug and pharmaceutical analysis
• • Purity checking
• • Reaction monitoring
• • Food and dye testing

15. Advantages of TLC
• • Quick and simple
• • Low cost
• • Small sample size

16. Limitations of TLC
• • Semi-quantitative results
• • Limited resolution
• • Not for volatile samples

17. TLC in Modern Research
• • TLC-MS coupling
• • Preparative TLC
• • Forensic applications

18. Common Errors and
Troubleshooting
• • Uneven spotting
• • Overlapping spots
• • Incorrect solvent choice

19. Summary
• • TLC separates mixtures based on polarity
• • Quick and cost-effective
• • Useful in various fields

20. References & Acknowledgments
• • Textbooks, research articles
• • Online resources
• • Acknowledgment of help