The document discusses different framing techniques in photography including using natural or man-made borders, shapes, tunnels, or people to focus attention on the subject. It notes that framing works best when used intentionally to lead the viewer's eye, give an image depth or intrigue the viewer, and that framing should have a clear purpose and not be overused. Framing is a way to compose shots by using elements in the frame to emphasize the main subject.
This document provides biographical information about Sri Aurobindo and summarizes some of his views on education, culture, and the impact of Western ideas on India. It notes that Aurobindo believed the Indian education system repressed students' capacities and that his view still applies today. It also discusses Aurobindo's perspective that spirituality is innate to the Indian mindset and that the West awakened a free intellect and desire for modern ideas and change in old Indian culture.
Ki Hadjar Dewantoro was a prominent Indonesian nationalist and educator who founded the Taman Siswa school system. He was born in 1889 in Yogyakarta to a noble family. As a young man, he was active in the nationalist movement and advocated for direct action against Dutch colonial rule. He was exiled to the Netherlands from 1913 to 1918 for an article criticizing Dutch rule. While in the Netherlands, he became convinced that strengthening Indonesian culture through education was the best way to cope with colonialism. He established the first Taman Siswa schools in 1922, which emphasized traditional Indonesian skills and values along with Western subjects. The schools grew widely popular and were subsidized by the Dutch government by the late
1) Ki Hadjar Dewantara was an Indonesian hero born in 1889 in Yogyakarta who was the first minister of education and founded the Taman Siswa School.
2) He was known for his proverb "Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani" which encourages those in front to lead by example and those in the middle to inspire while those behind encourage.
3) Part of his proverb, "Tut Wuri Handayani", is now used as the motto of the Indonesian Ministry of Education to represent ideal teachers who encourage students after teaching.
Visva-Bharati was founded in 1901 by Rabindranath Tagore as an unconventional university centered around a school for children in Santiniketan. It aimed to depart from the British model of education and focus on simplicity, nature, and developing the whole person. It later expanded to include the Institute of Rural Reconstruction in Sriniketan in 1922. Over time, Visva-Bharati grew to include departments focused on different cultures and arts from around the world. The university aims to bring cultures of the East and West together through scholarly exchange and establish conditions for world peace.
This document provides context for the exhibition "Tetap Terang: Always Bright" featuring the work of six female artists from Indonesia and elsewhere. It summarizes each artist's background and training, the themes and mediums in their work being shown, and how their diverse perspectives come together to represent expanded voices of women in Indonesia's growing contemporary art world. The exhibition is held in honor of Raden Adjeng Kartini, a national heroine who championed women's education, around the anniversary of her birth in April each year.
This exhibition titled "Tetap Terang: Always Bright" features works by six female Indonesian and international artists—Arahmaiani, Sally Smart, Sinta Tantra, Natisa Jones, Ines Katamso, and Natasha Lubis. It is held in honor of Raden Adjeng Kartini, a prominent Indonesian national heroine and advocate for women's education. While Kartini has traditionally symbolized motherhood and domesticity, this exhibition highlights the diversity of experiences and perspectives among female artists in Indonesia's expanding contemporary art world. The works address themes of identity, mobility, and representation from the artists' varied backgrounds.
Gopabandhu Das was a social reformer and activist in India in the early 20th century. He established the Satyabadi School in 1909 near Puri, Orissa to reform society through improved education. The school had an innovative curriculum that incorporated community involvement, student government, and social service. It emphasized connecting students to nature and the local community. The teachers, including Gopabandhu Das, were highly qualified and dedicated to educating students to create a new social order based on cooperation, equality and freedom. The school aimed to produce patriotic citizens through dynamic teaching methods that prepared students for nation-building.
The document discusses different framing techniques in photography including using natural or man-made borders, shapes, tunnels, or people to focus attention on the subject. It notes that framing works best when used intentionally to lead the viewer's eye, give an image depth or intrigue the viewer, and that framing should have a clear purpose and not be overused. Framing is a way to compose shots by using elements in the frame to emphasize the main subject.
This document provides biographical information about Sri Aurobindo and summarizes some of his views on education, culture, and the impact of Western ideas on India. It notes that Aurobindo believed the Indian education system repressed students' capacities and that his view still applies today. It also discusses Aurobindo's perspective that spirituality is innate to the Indian mindset and that the West awakened a free intellect and desire for modern ideas and change in old Indian culture.
Ki Hadjar Dewantoro was a prominent Indonesian nationalist and educator who founded the Taman Siswa school system. He was born in 1889 in Yogyakarta to a noble family. As a young man, he was active in the nationalist movement and advocated for direct action against Dutch colonial rule. He was exiled to the Netherlands from 1913 to 1918 for an article criticizing Dutch rule. While in the Netherlands, he became convinced that strengthening Indonesian culture through education was the best way to cope with colonialism. He established the first Taman Siswa schools in 1922, which emphasized traditional Indonesian skills and values along with Western subjects. The schools grew widely popular and were subsidized by the Dutch government by the late
1) Ki Hadjar Dewantara was an Indonesian hero born in 1889 in Yogyakarta who was the first minister of education and founded the Taman Siswa School.
2) He was known for his proverb "Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani" which encourages those in front to lead by example and those in the middle to inspire while those behind encourage.
3) Part of his proverb, "Tut Wuri Handayani", is now used as the motto of the Indonesian Ministry of Education to represent ideal teachers who encourage students after teaching.
Visva-Bharati was founded in 1901 by Rabindranath Tagore as an unconventional university centered around a school for children in Santiniketan. It aimed to depart from the British model of education and focus on simplicity, nature, and developing the whole person. It later expanded to include the Institute of Rural Reconstruction in Sriniketan in 1922. Over time, Visva-Bharati grew to include departments focused on different cultures and arts from around the world. The university aims to bring cultures of the East and West together through scholarly exchange and establish conditions for world peace.
This document provides context for the exhibition "Tetap Terang: Always Bright" featuring the work of six female artists from Indonesia and elsewhere. It summarizes each artist's background and training, the themes and mediums in their work being shown, and how their diverse perspectives come together to represent expanded voices of women in Indonesia's growing contemporary art world. The exhibition is held in honor of Raden Adjeng Kartini, a national heroine who championed women's education, around the anniversary of her birth in April each year.
This exhibition titled "Tetap Terang: Always Bright" features works by six female Indonesian and international artists—Arahmaiani, Sally Smart, Sinta Tantra, Natisa Jones, Ines Katamso, and Natasha Lubis. It is held in honor of Raden Adjeng Kartini, a prominent Indonesian national heroine and advocate for women's education. While Kartini has traditionally symbolized motherhood and domesticity, this exhibition highlights the diversity of experiences and perspectives among female artists in Indonesia's expanding contemporary art world. The works address themes of identity, mobility, and representation from the artists' varied backgrounds.
Gopabandhu Das was a social reformer and activist in India in the early 20th century. He established the Satyabadi School in 1909 near Puri, Orissa to reform society through improved education. The school had an innovative curriculum that incorporated community involvement, student government, and social service. It emphasized connecting students to nature and the local community. The teachers, including Gopabandhu Das, were highly qualified and dedicated to educating students to create a new social order based on cooperation, equality and freedom. The school aimed to produce patriotic citizens through dynamic teaching methods that prepared students for nation-building.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
4. the birth of nationalism
1908
Budi Oetomo (BO)
formed by students of STOVIA in
Batavia (Jakarta now)—known
by the name "Sekolah Dokter
Jawa" among Indonesians—is
the first Indonesian youth
organization with the biggest
members/supporters. In their
meetings and publication, they
introduced the idea of
"modernization and progress for
the Javanese people", a form
'proto-Nationalism'.
Later on, some members wanted
to push the idea further,
emphasized the idea of "progress
of Indies people as a nation".
They believe that to achieve that
they need political education and
organization for the people.
They established the first
political party: Indische Partij
(December 1912).
5. 1917
Balai Poestaka
Publishing house,
disseminating
Bahasa Melayu/Indonesia
in school books
and literature.
the birth of nationalism
1908
Budi Oetomo (BO)
formed by students of STOVIA in
Batavia (Jakarta now)—known
by the name "Sekolah Dokter
Jawa" among Indonesians—is
the first Indonesian youth
organization with the biggest
members/supporters. In their
meetings and publication, they
introduced the idea of
"modernization and progress for
the Javanese people", a form
'proto-Nationalism'.
Later on, some members wanted
to push the idea further,
emphasized the idea of "progress
of Indies people as a nation".
They believe that to achieve that
they need political education and
organization for the people.
They established the first
political party: Indische Partij
(December 1912).
6. 1922
Taman Siswa
alternative schools system for
Indonesian established by Ki
Hadjar Dewantara in Jogja and
Jakarta. In this school the ideas of
Indonesian independence ,
nationalism were disseminated to
their pupils. Visual art was one of
the primary subject in their
program. S. Soedjojono was
studied and then taught in TS in
Jakarta.
1926—INS Kayu Tanam
(Indonesche Nederlandsche
1917 School)
Balai Poestaka similar to Taman Siswa, a school
Publishing house, established by Mohamad Syafei in
disseminating Kayutanam, a village nearby
Bahasa Melayu/Indonesia Bukittinggi, West Sumatra.
in school books Wakidi, one of Indonesia’s famous
and literature. landscape painter taught here.
the birth of nationalism
1908
Budi Oetomo (BO)
formed by students of STOVIA in
Batavia (Jakarta now)—known
by the name "Sekolah Dokter
Jawa" among Indonesians—is
the first Indonesian youth
organization with the biggest
members/supporters. In their
meetings and publication, they
introduced the idea of
"modernization and progress for
the Javanese people", a form
'proto-Nationalism'.
Later on, some members wanted
to push the idea further,
emphasized the idea of "progress
of Indies people as a nation".
They believe that to achieve that
they need political education and
organization for the people.
They established the first
political party: Indische Partij
(December 1912).
7. 1922
Taman Siswa
alternative schools system for
Indonesian established by Ki
Hadjar Dewantara in Jogja and
Jakarta. In this school the ideas of
Indonesian independence ,
nationalism were disseminated to
their pupils. Visual art was one of
the primary subject in their
program. S. Soedjojono was
studied and then taught in TS in
Jakarta.
1926—INS Kayu Tanam
(Indonesche Nederlandsche
1917 School)
Balai Poestaka similar to Taman Siswa, a school
Publishing house, established by Mohamad Syafei in
disseminating Kayutanam, a village nearby
Bahasa Melayu/Indonesia Bukittinggi, West Sumatra.
in school books Wakidi, one of Indonesia’s famous
and literature. landscape painter taught here.
the birth of nationalism
1908 1928
Budi Oetomo (BO) Sumpah Pemuda
(The Youth Oath:
formed by students of STOVIA in One Nation, One Homeland,
Batavia (Jakarta now)—known One Language)
by the name "Sekolah Dokter
Jawa" among Indonesians—is
the first Indonesian youth
organization with the biggest
members/supporters. In their
meetings and publication, they
introduced the idea of
"modernization and progress for
the Javanese people", a form
'proto-Nationalism'.
Later on, some members wanted
to push the idea further,
emphasized the idea of "progress
of Indies people as a nation".
They believe that to achieve that
they need political education and
organization for the people.
They established the first
political party: Indische Partij
(December 1912).
8. 1922
Taman Siswa
alternative schools system for
Indonesian established by Ki
Hadjar Dewantara in Jogja and
Jakarta. In this school the ideas of
Indonesian independence , 1930
nationalism were disseminated to Polemik Kebudayaan
their pupils. Visual art was one of (Great Cultural Debate
the primary subject in their on Indonesian modern
program. S. Soedjojono was cultural identity—
Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana,
studied and then taught in TS in Armijn Pane)
Jakarta.
1926—INS Kayu Tanam
(Indonesche Nederlandsche
1917 School)
Balai Poestaka similar to Taman Siswa, a school
Publishing house, established by Mohamad Syafei in
disseminating Kayutanam, a village nearby
Bahasa Melayu/Indonesia Bukittinggi, West Sumatra.
in school books Wakidi, one of Indonesia’s famous
and literature. landscape painter taught here.
the birth of nationalism
1908 1928
Budi Oetomo (BO) Sumpah Pemuda
(The Youth Oath:
formed by students of STOVIA in One Nation, One Homeland,
Batavia (Jakarta now)—known One Language)
by the name "Sekolah Dokter
Jawa" among Indonesians—is
the first Indonesian youth
organization with the biggest
members/supporters. In their
meetings and publication, they
introduced the idea of
"modernization and progress for
the Javanese people", a form
'proto-Nationalism'.
Later on, some members wanted
to push the idea further,
emphasized the idea of "progress
of Indies people as a nation".
They believe that to achieve that
they need political education and
organization for the people.
They established the first
political party: Indische Partij
(December 1912).
9. 1922
Taman Siswa
alternative schools system for
Indonesian established by Ki
Hadjar Dewantara in Jogja and
Jakarta. In this school the ideas of
Indonesian independence , 1930
nationalism were disseminated to Polemik Kebudayaan
their pupils. Visual art was one of (Great Cultural Debate
the primary subject in their on Indonesian modern
program. S. Soedjojono was cultural identity—
Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana,
studied and then taught in TS in Armijn Pane)
Jakarta.
1926—INS Kayu Tanam
(Indonesche Nederlandsche 1928-1930
1917 School) Kunstkring
Balai Poestaka similar to Taman Siswa, a school
Publishing house, established by Mohamad Syafei in Art Circle, Cultural Center,
Kayutanam, a village nearby established by
disseminating Dutch colonial government
Bahasa Melayu/Indonesia Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. in Jakarta, Bandung,
in school books Wakidi, one of Indonesia’s famous and other big cities
and literature. landscape painter taught here. in Java & Sumatera.
the birth of nationalism
1908 1928
Budi Oetomo (BO) Sumpah Pemuda
(The Youth Oath:
formed by students of STOVIA in One Nation, One Homeland,
Batavia (Jakarta now)—known One Language)
by the name "Sekolah Dokter
Jawa" among Indonesians—is
the first Indonesian youth
organization with the biggest
members/supporters. In their
meetings and publication, they
introduced the idea of
"modernization and progress for
the Javanese people", a form
'proto-Nationalism'.
Later on, some members wanted
to push the idea further,
emphasized the idea of "progress
of Indies people as a nation".
They believe that to achieve that
they need political education and
organization for the people.
They established the first
political party: Indische Partij
(December 1912).
10. 1922
Taman Siswa
alternative schools system for
Indonesian established by Ki
Hadjar Dewantara in Jogja and
Jakarta. In this school the ideas of
Indonesian independence , 1930
nationalism were disseminated to Polemik Kebudayaan
their pupils. Visual art was one of (Great Cultural Debate
the primary subject in their on Indonesian modern
program. S. Soedjojono was cultural identity—
Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana,
studied and then taught in TS in Armijn Pane)
Jakarta.
1936
Pita Maha
established in Ubud, Bali
1926—INS Kayu Tanam by Cokorda Gde Agung,
(Indonesche Nederlandsche 1928-1930 Walter Spies, Rudolf Bonnet
1917 School) Kunstkring
Balai Poestaka similar to Taman Siswa, a school
Publishing house, established by Mohamad Syafei in Art Circle, Cultural Center,
Kayutanam, a village nearby established by
disseminating Dutch colonial government
Bahasa Melayu/Indonesia Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. in Jakarta, Bandung,
in school books Wakidi, one of Indonesia’s famous and other big cities
and literature. landscape painter taught here. in Java & Sumatera.
the birth of nationalism
1908 1928
Budi Oetomo (BO) Sumpah Pemuda
(The Youth Oath:
formed by students of STOVIA in One Nation, One Homeland,
Batavia (Jakarta now)—known One Language)
by the name "Sekolah Dokter
Jawa" among Indonesians—is
the first Indonesian youth
organization with the biggest
members/supporters. In their
meetings and publication, they
introduced the idea of
"modernization and progress for
the Javanese people", a form
'proto-Nationalism'.
Later on, some members wanted
to push the idea further,
emphasized the idea of "progress
of Indies people as a nation".
They believe that to achieve that
they need political education and
organization for the people.
They established the first
political party: Indische Partij
(December 1912).
11. 1922
Taman Siswa
alternative schools system for
Indonesian established by Ki
Hadjar Dewantara in Jogja and
Jakarta. In this school the ideas of
Indonesian independence , 1930
nationalism were disseminated to Polemik Kebudayaan
their pupils. Visual art was one of (Great Cultural Debate
the primary subject in their on Indonesian modern
program. S. Soedjojono was cultural identity—
Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana,
studied and then taught in TS in Armijn Pane)
Jakarta.
1936
Pita Maha
established in Ubud, Bali
1926—INS Kayu Tanam by Cokorda Gde Agung,
(Indonesche Nederlandsche 1928-1930 Walter Spies, Rudolf Bonnet
1917 School) Kunstkring
Balai Poestaka similar to Taman Siswa, a school
Art Circle, Cultural Center, 1937 (1938?)
Publishing house, established by Mohamad Syafei in PERSAGI
Kayutanam, a village nearby established by
disseminating Dutch colonial government (Indonesian Drawing
Bahasa Melayu/Indonesia Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. in Jakarta, Bandung, Experts Assosiation
in school books Wakidi, one of Indonesia’s famous and other big cities Founder: S. Sudjojono, Agus Djaja)
and literature. landscape painter taught here. in Java & Sumatera.
the birth of nationalism
1908 1928
Budi Oetomo (BO) Sumpah Pemuda
(The Youth Oath:
formed by students of STOVIA in One Nation, One Homeland,
Batavia (Jakarta now)—known One Language)
by the name "Sekolah Dokter
Jawa" among Indonesians—is
the first Indonesian youth
organization with the biggest
members/supporters. In their
meetings and publication, they
introduced the idea of
"modernization and progress for
the Javanese people", a form
'proto-Nationalism'.
Later on, some members wanted
to push the idea further,
emphasized the idea of "progress
of Indies people as a nation".
They believe that to achieve that
they need political education and
organization for the people.
They established the first
political party: Indische Partij
(December 1912).
12. 1922
Taman Siswa
alternative schools system for
Indonesian established by Ki
Hadjar Dewantara in Jogja and
Jakarta. In this school the ideas of
Indonesian independence , 1930
nationalism were disseminated to Polemik Kebudayaan
their pupils. Visual art was one of (Great Cultural Debate
the primary subject in their on Indonesian modern
program. S. Soedjojono was cultural identity—
Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana,
studied and then taught in TS in Armijn Pane)
Jakarta.
1936
Pita Maha
established in Ubud, Bali
1926—INS Kayu Tanam by Cokorda Gde Agung,
(Indonesche Nederlandsche 1928-1930 Walter Spies, Rudolf Bonnet
1917 School) Kunstkring
Balai Poestaka similar to Taman Siswa, a school
Art Circle, Cultural Center, 1937 (1938?)
Publishing house, established by Mohamad Syafei in PERSAGI
Kayutanam, a village nearby established by
disseminating Dutch colonial government (Indonesian Drawing
Bahasa Melayu/Indonesia Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. in Jakarta, Bandung, Experts Assosiation
in school books Wakidi, one of Indonesia’s famous and other big cities Founder: S. Sudjojono, Agus Djaja)
and literature. landscape painter taught here. in Java & Sumatera.
the birth of nationalism
1908 1928
Sumpah Pemuda 1942-1945
Budi Oetomo (BO) Japanese Military Occupation/
(The Youth Oath:
formed by students of STOVIA in One Nation, One Homeland, Pacific War
Batavia (Jakarta now)—known One Language) 3 main institutions:
by the name "Sekolah Dokter
Jawa" among Indonesians—is
• Sendenbu (Office for propaganda and press)
the first Indonesian youth
organization with the biggest
• Keimin Bunka Shidosho (Cultural Center)—the
members/supporters. In their
main art and cultural center for writers, playwrights +
meetings and publication, they
theater, music, visual arts (painting)
introduced the idea of
"modernization and progress for
• Poetera (Center for People Forces)—led by Soekarno
the Javanese people", a form
(later Indonesian first president), with its own art and
'proto-Nationalism'.
cultural program.
Later on, some members wanted
S. Soedjojono, Affandi, and Agus Djaja were teachers
to push the idea further,
and trainers for young artists in the cultural center
emphasized the idea of "progress
studio (probably the first time the term Sanggar was
of Indies people as a nation".
used). Some of the young astists: Zaini, Derachman,
They believe that to achieve that
Trubus, M. Balfas, Nashar.)
they need political education and
organization for the people. 1942-1945
They established the first Gunseikanbu Kokumin Tosyokyoku
political party: Indische Partij Balai Pustaka during Japanese occupation
(December 1912).
13. 1922
Taman Siswa
alternative schools system for
Indonesian established by Ki
Hadjar Dewantara in Jogja and
Jakarta. In this school the ideas of
Indonesian independence , 1930
nationalism were disseminated to Polemik Kebudayaan
their pupils. Visual art was one of (Great Cultural Debate
the primary subject in their on Indonesian modern
program. S. Soedjojono was cultural identity—
Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana,
studied and then taught in TS in Armijn Pane)
Jakarta.
1936
Pita Maha
established in Ubud, Bali
1926—INS Kayu Tanam by Cokorda Gde Agung,
(Indonesche Nederlandsche 1928-1930 Walter Spies, Rudolf Bonnet
1917 School) Kunstkring
Balai Poestaka similar to Taman Siswa, a school
Art Circle, Cultural Center, 1937 (1938?)
Publishing house, established by Mohamad Syafei in PERSAGI
Kayutanam, a village nearby established by
disseminating Dutch colonial government (Indonesian Drawing
Bahasa Melayu/Indonesia Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. in Jakarta, Bandung, Experts Assosiation
in school books Wakidi, one of Indonesia’s famous and other big cities Founder: S. Sudjojono, Agus Djaja)
and literature. landscape painter taught here. in Java & Sumatera.
the birth of nationalism
1908 1928
Sumpah Pemuda 1942-1945 17 August 1945
Budi Oetomo (BO) Japanese Military Occupation/ The proclamation
(The Youth Oath:
formed by students of STOVIA in One Nation, One Homeland, Pacific War of the Independence:
Batavia (Jakarta now)—known One Language) Republic of Indonesia
3 main institutions:
by the name "Sekolah Dokter
Jawa" among Indonesians—is
• Sendenbu (Office for propaganda and press)
the first Indonesian youth
organization with the biggest
• Keimin Bunka Shidosho (Cultural Center)—the
members/supporters. In their
main art and cultural center for writers, playwrights +
meetings and publication, they
theater, music, visual arts (painting)
introduced the idea of
"modernization and progress for
• Poetera (Center for People Forces)—led by Soekarno
the Javanese people", a form
(later Indonesian first president), with its own art and
'proto-Nationalism'.
cultural program.
Later on, some members wanted
S. Soedjojono, Affandi, and Agus Djaja were teachers
to push the idea further,
and trainers for young artists in the cultural center
emphasized the idea of "progress
studio (probably the first time the term Sanggar was
of Indies people as a nation".
used). Some of the young astists: Zaini, Derachman,
They believe that to achieve that
Trubus, M. Balfas, Nashar.)
they need political education and
organization for the people. 1942-1945
They established the first Gunseikanbu Kokumin Tosyokyoku
political party: Indische Partij Balai Pustaka during Japanese occupation
(December 1912).
15. 17 August 1945
The proclamation
of the Independence:
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
16. 1945-1949
Independence/
Revolution War
against the Ducth offensive
political moves in international
diplomacy and military forces.
The Dutch military + police
tried to occupy big cities in
Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi.
To protect Indonesian
sovereignity, the new
government decided to move to
Jogjakarta (1946), as
temporary capital city/
government center. Young
intellectuals, artists, students,
17 August 1945
guerillia fighters also move to
Jogja supporting the nation
The proclamation
leaders.
of the Independence:
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
17. 1945-1949
Independence/
Revolution War
against the Ducth offensive
political moves in international
diplomacy and military forces.
The Dutch military + police
tried to occupy big cities in
Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi.
To protect Indonesian
sovereignity, the new
government decided to move to
Jogjakarta (1946), as
temporary capital city/
government center. Young
intellectuals, artists, students,
17 August 1945
guerillia fighters also move to
Jogja supporting the nation
The proclamation
leaders.
of the Independence:
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
1945-1949
Independence/Revolution War
Most young artists moved to Jogja
or other cities that were still safe (under the control of
the new Republic government and guerillia groups.)
1946 — Seniman Indonesia Muda
(SIM —Young Indonesian Artists)
S. Soedjojono moved to Madiun (East Java) then to
Solo (1947) and form SIM (Members: Trisno
Soemardjo, Sudibyo, Sedyono; and later on some of the
young artists from Jakarta: Nashar, Zaini, Nasyah
Djamin, etc.
SIM also opened their office and sanggar in Jogja,
organised by Affandi, Hendra Gunawan, and friends.
Because of disagreement on how Soedjojono organised
SIM, Affandi and Hendra quitted from SIM and formed
their own artists organisation Pelukis Rakyat (People
Painters)
18. 1945-1949
Independence/
Revolution War
against the Ducth offensive
political moves in international
diplomacy and military forces.
The Dutch military + police
tried to occupy big cities in
Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi.
To protect Indonesian
sovereignity, the new
government decided to move to
Jogjakarta (1946), as
temporary capital city/
government center. Young
intellectuals, artists, students,
17 August 1945
guerillia fighters also move to
Jogja supporting the nation
The proclamation
leaders.
of the Independence:
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
1945-1949 1950-1965
Independence/Revolution War National political tension
escalated approaching the
Most young artists moved to Jogja first general election (1955).
or other cities that were still safe (under the control of All political parties formed
the new Republic government and guerillia groups.) their own artist/cultural
organizations. LEKRA was
1946 — Seniman Indonesia Muda one of the most active and
(SIM —Young Indonesian Artists) influential, closely affiliated
S. Soedjojono moved to Madiun (East Java) then to to the Indonesian Communist
Solo (1947) and form SIM (Members: Trisno Party.
Soemardjo, Sudibyo, Sedyono; and later on some of the
young artists from Jakarta: Nashar, Zaini, Nasyah
Djamin, etc.
SIM also opened their office and sanggar in Jogja,
organised by Affandi, Hendra Gunawan, and friends.
Because of disagreement on how Soedjojono organised
SIM, Affandi and Hendra quitted from SIM and formed
their own artists organisation Pelukis Rakyat (People
Painters)
19. 1945-1949
Independence/
Revolution War
against the Ducth offensive
political moves in international
diplomacy and military forces.
The Dutch military + police
tried to occupy big cities in
Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi.
To protect Indonesian
sovereignity, the new
government decided to move to
Jogjakarta (1946), as
temporary capital city/
government center. Young
intellectuals, artists, students,
17 August 1945
guerillia fighters also move to
The proclamation
Jogja supporting the nation 17 August 1950
leaders. LEKRA
of the Independence:
People Cultural Institute
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
1945-1949 1950-1965
Independence/Revolution War National political tension
escalated approaching the
Most young artists moved to Jogja first general election (1955).
or other cities that were still safe (under the control of All political parties formed
the new Republic government and guerillia groups.) their own artist/cultural
organizations. LEKRA was
1946 — Seniman Indonesia Muda one of the most active and
(SIM —Young Indonesian Artists) influential, closely affiliated
S. Soedjojono moved to Madiun (East Java) then to to the Indonesian Communist
Solo (1947) and form SIM (Members: Trisno Party.
Soemardjo, Sudibyo, Sedyono; and later on some of the
young artists from Jakarta: Nashar, Zaini, Nasyah
Djamin, etc.
SIM also opened their office and sanggar in Jogja,
organised by Affandi, Hendra Gunawan, and friends.
Because of disagreement on how Soedjojono organised
SIM, Affandi and Hendra quitted from SIM and formed
their own artists organisation Pelukis Rakyat (People
Painters)
20. 1947—Bandung
1945-1949 • Faculty of Fine Art and Design (FSRD)-ITB
Independence/ Officially opened on 1 August 1947 under the name "Universitaire
Revolution War Leergang Voor de Opleiding van Tekenleraren", then named in Bahasa
against the Ducth offensive Indonesia "Balai Pendidikan Universiter Guru Gambar" (University
political moves in international Education House for Drawing Lecturers").
diplomacy and military forces. 1950—Jogjakarta
The Dutch military + police • Indonesian Fine Art 1 Februari 1959, officially transformed as state university,
tried to occupy big cities in
Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi. Academy (ASRI) within Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB),
To protect Indonesian officially opened on
sovereignity, the new 15 January 1950
government decided to move to (even though the school was
Jogjakarta (1946), as already in operation from
temporary capital city/ 1949)
government center. Young
intellectuals, artists, students,
17 August 1945
guerillia fighters also move to
The proclamation
Jogja supporting the nation 17 August 1950
leaders. LEKRA
of the Independence:
People Cultural Institute
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
1945-1949 1950-1965
Independence/Revolution War National political tension
escalated approaching the
Most young artists moved to Jogja first general election (1955).
or other cities that were still safe (under the control of All political parties formed
the new Republic government and guerillia groups.) their own artist/cultural
organizations. LEKRA was
1946 — Seniman Indonesia Muda one of the most active and
(SIM —Young Indonesian Artists) influential, closely affiliated
S. Soedjojono moved to Madiun (East Java) then to to the Indonesian Communist
Solo (1947) and form SIM (Members: Trisno Party.
Soemardjo, Sudibyo, Sedyono; and later on some of the
young artists from Jakarta: Nashar, Zaini, Nasyah
Djamin, etc.
SIM also opened their office and sanggar in Jogja,
organised by Affandi, Hendra Gunawan, and friends.
Because of disagreement on how Soedjojono organised
SIM, Affandi and Hendra quitted from SIM and formed
their own artists organisation Pelukis Rakyat (People
Painters)
21. 1948—Bandung
Sanggar Jiwa Mukti 1952—Bandung
Barli Sasmitawinata, Karnedi Sanggar Seniman
Kartono Yudhokusumo
1949-1950—Jakarta 1959—Bandung
Yin Hua Sanggar Rangga Gempol
(Association of Chinese Painters) Barli Sasmitawinata
Lee Manfong
1952—Jogjakarta 1947—Bandung
1945-1949 Pelukis Indonesia Muda • Faculty of Fine Art and Design (FSRD)-ITB
Independence/ G. Sidharta S, Widayat Officially opened on 1 August 1947 under the name "Universitaire
Revolution War Leergang Voor de Opleiding van Tekenleraren", then named in Bahasa
against the Ducth offensive Indonesia "Balai Pendidikan Universiter Guru Gambar" (University
political moves in international Education House for Drawing Lecturers").
diplomacy and military forces. 1950—Jogjakarta
The Dutch military + police • Indonesian Fine Art 1 Februari 1959, officially transformed as state university,
tried to occupy big cities in
Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi. Academy (ASRI) within Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB),
To protect Indonesian officially opened on
sovereignity, the new 15 January 1950
government decided to move to (even though the school was
Jogjakarta (1946), as already in operation from
temporary capital city/ 1949)
government center. Young
intellectuals, artists, students,
17 August 1945
guerillia fighters also move to
The proclamation
Jogja supporting the nation 17 August 1950
leaders. LEKRA
of the Independence:
People Cultural Institute
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
1945-1949 1950-1965
Independence/Revolution War National political tension
escalated approaching the
Most young artists moved to Jogja first general election (1955).
or other cities that were still safe (under the control of All political parties formed
the new Republic government and guerillia groups.) their own artist/cultural
organizations. LEKRA was
1946 — Seniman Indonesia Muda one of the most active and
(SIM —Young Indonesian Artists) influential, closely affiliated
S. Soedjojono moved to Madiun (East Java) then to to the Indonesian Communist
Solo (1947) and form SIM (Members: Trisno Party.
Soemardjo, Sudibyo, Sedyono; and later on some of the
young artists from Jakarta: Nashar, Zaini, Nasyah
Djamin, etc.
SIM also opened their office and sanggar in Jogja,
organised by Affandi, Hendra Gunawan, and friends.
Because of disagreement on how Soedjojono organised
SIM, Affandi and Hendra quitted from SIM and formed
their own artists organisation Pelukis Rakyat (People
Painters)
22. 1948—Bandung
Sanggar Jiwa Mukti 1952—Bandung
Barli Sasmitawinata, Karnedi Sanggar Seniman
Kartono Yudhokusumo
1949-1950—Jakarta 1959—Bandung
Yin Hua Sanggar Rangga Gempol
(Association of Chinese Painters) Barli Sasmitawinata
Lee Manfong
1952—Jogjakarta 1947—Bandung
1945-1949 Pelukis Indonesia Muda • Faculty of Fine Art and Design (FSRD)-ITB
Independence/ G. Sidharta S, Widayat Officially opened on 1 August 1947 under the name "Universitaire
Revolution War Leergang Voor de Opleiding van Tekenleraren", then named in Bahasa
against the Ducth offensive Indonesia "Balai Pendidikan Universiter Guru Gambar" (University
political moves in international Education House for Drawing Lecturers").
diplomacy and military forces. 1950—Jogjakarta
The Dutch military + police • Indonesian Fine Art 1 Februari 1959, officially transformed as state university,
tried to occupy big cities in
Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi. Academy (ASRI) within Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB),
To protect Indonesian officially opened on
sovereignity, the new 15 January 1950
government decided to move to (even though the school was
Jogjakarta (1946), as already in operation from
temporary capital city/ 1949)
government center. Young
intellectuals, artists, students,
17 August 1945
guerillia fighters also move to
The proclamation
Jogja supporting the nation 17 August 1950
leaders. LEKRA
of the Independence:
People Cultural Institute
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
1945-1949 1950-1965
Independence/Revolution War National political tension
escalated approaching the
Most young artists moved to Jogja first general election (1955).
or other cities that were still safe (under the control of All political parties formed
the new Republic government and guerillia groups.) their own artist/cultural
organizations. LEKRA was
1946 — Seniman Indonesia Muda one of the most active and
(SIM —Young Indonesian Artists) influential, closely affiliated
S. Soedjojono moved to Madiun (East Java) then to to the Indonesian Communist
Solo (1947) and form SIM (Members: Trisno Party. 1950
Soemardjo, Sudibyo, Sedyono; and later on some of the Surat Kepercayaan Gelanggang
young artists from Jakarta: Nashar, Zaini, Nasyah Young writers and artists (Chairil Anwar, Asrul Sani, Rivai Apin)
Djamin, etc. announced their manifesto in 'Siasat' magazine (October 1950) in which they
stated that: they inherit not only Indonesian culture, but also world
contemporary culture. And they believe that as artists they can shape the
SIM also opened their office and sanggar in Jogja,
new Indonesian cultural life; as they will always be aware of their
organised by Affandi, Hendra Gunawan, and friends. relationship with the life Indonesian society. This manifesto published after
Because of disagreement on how Soedjojono organised the death of Chairil Anwar (1949) and almost 9 months late then the initial
SIM, Affandi and Hendra quitted from SIM and formed date it was written (Februrary 1950), probably because they want to
their own artists organisation Pelukis Rakyat (People announced their diagreement towards Lekra's "manifesto" stated in their
Painters) preamble and the fact that some of their artists collectives ("Seniman
Gelanggang" ) joined Lekra.
23. 1948—Bandung
Sanggar Jiwa Mukti 1952—Bandung
Barli Sasmitawinata, Karnedi Sanggar Seniman
Kartono Yudhokusumo
1949-1950—Jakarta 1959—Bandung
Yin Hua Sanggar Rangga Gempol
(Association of Chinese Painters) Barli Sasmitawinata
Lee Manfong
1952—Jogjakarta 1947—Bandung
1945-1949 Pelukis Indonesia Muda • Faculty of Fine Art and Design (FSRD)-ITB
Independence/ G. Sidharta S, Widayat Officially opened on 1 August 1947 under the name "Universitaire
Revolution War Leergang Voor de Opleiding van Tekenleraren", then named in Bahasa
against the Ducth offensive Indonesia "Balai Pendidikan Universiter Guru Gambar" (University
political moves in international Education House for Drawing Lecturers").
diplomacy and military forces. 1950—Jogjakarta
The Dutch military + police • Indonesian Fine Art 1 Februari 1959, officially transformed as state university,
tried to occupy big cities in
Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi. Academy (ASRI) within Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB),
To protect Indonesian officially opened on
sovereignity, the new 15 January 1950
1959—Jogjakarta
government decided to move to (even though the school was
Jogjakarta (1946), as Sanggar Bambu
already in operation from
temporary capital city/ Soenarto PR cs.
1949)
government center. Young
intellectuals, artists, students, Position itself as “non-
17 August 1945
guerillia fighters also move to political” artists collective, a
The proclamation
Jogja supporting the nation 17 August 1950 conflicting position and views
leaders. LEKRA
of the Independence:
People Cultural Institute against Bumi Tarung
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
1945-1949 1950-1965
Independence/Revolution War National political tension
escalated approaching the
Most young artists moved to Jogja first general election (1955).
or other cities that were still safe (under the control of All political parties formed
the new Republic government and guerillia groups.) their own artist/cultural
organizations. LEKRA was
1946 — Seniman Indonesia Muda one of the most active and
(SIM —Young Indonesian Artists) influential, closely affiliated
S. Soedjojono moved to Madiun (East Java) then to to the Indonesian Communist
Solo (1947) and form SIM (Members: Trisno Party. 1950
Soemardjo, Sudibyo, Sedyono; and later on some of the Surat Kepercayaan Gelanggang
young artists from Jakarta: Nashar, Zaini, Nasyah Young writers and artists (Chairil Anwar, Asrul Sani, Rivai Apin)
Djamin, etc. announced their manifesto in 'Siasat' magazine (October 1950) in which they
stated that: they inherit not only Indonesian culture, but also world
contemporary culture. And they believe that as artists they can shape the
SIM also opened their office and sanggar in Jogja,
new Indonesian cultural life; as they will always be aware of their
organised by Affandi, Hendra Gunawan, and friends. relationship with the life Indonesian society. This manifesto published after
Because of disagreement on how Soedjojono organised the death of Chairil Anwar (1949) and almost 9 months late then the initial
SIM, Affandi and Hendra quitted from SIM and formed date it was written (Februrary 1950), probably because they want to
their own artists organisation Pelukis Rakyat (People announced their diagreement towards Lekra's "manifesto" stated in their
Painters) preamble and the fact that some of their artists collectives ("Seniman
Gelanggang" ) joined Lekra.
24. 1948—Bandung
Sanggar Jiwa Mukti 1952—Bandung
Barli Sasmitawinata, Karnedi Sanggar Seniman
Kartono Yudhokusumo
1949-1950—Jakarta 1959—Bandung
Yin Hua Sanggar Rangga Gempol
(Association of Chinese Painters) Barli Sasmitawinata
Lee Manfong
1952—Jogjakarta 1947—Bandung
1945-1949 Pelukis Indonesia Muda • Faculty of Fine Art and Design (FSRD)-ITB
Independence/ G. Sidharta S, Widayat Officially opened on 1 August 1947 under the name "Universitaire
Revolution War Leergang Voor de Opleiding van Tekenleraren", then named in Bahasa
against the Ducth offensive Indonesia "Balai Pendidikan Universiter Guru Gambar" (University
political moves in international Education House for Drawing Lecturers").
diplomacy and military forces. 1950—Jogjakarta
The Dutch military + police • Indonesian Fine Art 1 Februari 1959, officially transformed as state university,
tried to occupy big cities in
Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi. Academy (ASRI) within Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB),
To protect Indonesian officially opened on
sovereignity, the new 15 January 1950
1959—Jogjakarta
government decided to move to (even though the school was
Jogjakarta (1946), as Sanggar Bambu
already in operation from
temporary capital city/ Soenarto PR cs.
1949) 1961—Jogjakarta
government center. Young Sanggar Bumi Tarung
intellectuals, artists, students, Position itself as “non- Amrus Natalsja cs.
17 August 1945
guerillia fighters also move to political” artists collective, a
The proclamation
Jogja supporting the nation 17 August 1950 conflicting position and views Closely related to
leaders. LEKRA LEKRA and PKI
of the Independence:
People Cultural Institute against Bumi Tarung
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
1945-1949 1950-1965
Independence/Revolution War National political tension
escalated approaching the
Most young artists moved to Jogja first general election (1955).
or other cities that were still safe (under the control of All political parties formed
the new Republic government and guerillia groups.) their own artist/cultural
organizations. LEKRA was
1946 — Seniman Indonesia Muda one of the most active and
(SIM —Young Indonesian Artists) influential, closely affiliated
S. Soedjojono moved to Madiun (East Java) then to to the Indonesian Communist
Solo (1947) and form SIM (Members: Trisno Party. 1950
Soemardjo, Sudibyo, Sedyono; and later on some of the Surat Kepercayaan Gelanggang
young artists from Jakarta: Nashar, Zaini, Nasyah Young writers and artists (Chairil Anwar, Asrul Sani, Rivai Apin)
Djamin, etc. announced their manifesto in 'Siasat' magazine (October 1950) in which they
stated that: they inherit not only Indonesian culture, but also world
contemporary culture. And they believe that as artists they can shape the
SIM also opened their office and sanggar in Jogja,
new Indonesian cultural life; as they will always be aware of their
organised by Affandi, Hendra Gunawan, and friends. relationship with the life Indonesian society. This manifesto published after
Because of disagreement on how Soedjojono organised the death of Chairil Anwar (1949) and almost 9 months late then the initial
SIM, Affandi and Hendra quitted from SIM and formed date it was written (Februrary 1950), probably because they want to
their own artists organisation Pelukis Rakyat (People announced their diagreement towards Lekra's "manifesto" stated in their
Painters) preamble and the fact that some of their artists collectives ("Seniman
Gelanggang" ) joined Lekra.
25. 1948—Bandung
Sanggar Jiwa Mukti 1952—Bandung
Barli Sasmitawinata, Karnedi Sanggar Seniman
Kartono Yudhokusumo
1949-1950—Jakarta 1959—Bandung
Yin Hua Sanggar Rangga Gempol
(Association of Chinese Painters) Barli Sasmitawinata
Lee Manfong
1952—Jogjakarta 1947—Bandung
1945-1949 Pelukis Indonesia Muda • Faculty of Fine Art and Design (FSRD)-ITB
Independence/ G. Sidharta S, Widayat Officially opened on 1 August 1947 under the name "Universitaire
Revolution War Leergang Voor de Opleiding van Tekenleraren", then named in Bahasa
against the Ducth offensive Indonesia "Balai Pendidikan Universiter Guru Gambar" (University
political moves in international Education House for Drawing Lecturers").
diplomacy and military forces. 1950—Jogjakarta
The Dutch military + police • Indonesian Fine Art 1 Februari 1959, officially transformed as state university,
tried to occupy big cities in
Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi. Academy (ASRI) within Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB),
To protect Indonesian officially opened on
sovereignity, the new 15 January 1950
1959—Jogjakarta
government decided to move to (even though the school was
Jogjakarta (1946), as Sanggar Bambu
already in operation from
temporary capital city/ Soenarto PR cs.
1949) 1961—Jogjakarta
government center. Young Sanggar Bumi Tarung
intellectuals, artists, students, Position itself as “non- Amrus Natalsja cs.
17 August 1945
guerillia fighters also move to political” artists collective, a
The proclamation
Jogja supporting the nation 17 August 1950 conflicting position and views Closely related to
leaders. LEKRA LEKRA and PKI
of the Independence:
People Cultural Institute against Bumi Tarung
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
17 August 1963
1945-1949 1950-1965 Manifes Kebudayaan
Independence/Revolution War National political tension A group of young writers, artists,
escalated approaching the intellectuals published their
Most young artists moved to Jogja first general election (1955). manifesto which perceived as
or other cities that were still safe (under the control of All political parties formed “liberal” and “anti-revolutionary” by
the new Republic government and guerillia groups.) their own artist/cultural the leftist-communist group.
organizations. LEKRA was
1946 — Seniman Indonesia Muda one of the most active and 8 May 1964
(SIM —Young Indonesian Artists) influential, closely affiliated Soekarno, in favor with the leftist-
S. Soedjojono moved to Madiun (East Java) then to to the Indonesian Communist communist writers/intellectuals,
Solo (1947) and form SIM (Members: Trisno Party. 1950 officially banned “Manifes
Soemardjo, Sudibyo, Sedyono; and later on some of the Surat Kepercayaan Gelanggang Kebudayaan.”
young artists from Jakarta: Nashar, Zaini, Nasyah Young writers and artists (Chairil Anwar, Asrul Sani, Rivai Apin)
Djamin, etc. announced their manifesto in 'Siasat' magazine (October 1950) in which they
stated that: they inherit not only Indonesian culture, but also world
contemporary culture. And they believe that as artists they can shape the
SIM also opened their office and sanggar in Jogja,
new Indonesian cultural life; as they will always be aware of their
organised by Affandi, Hendra Gunawan, and friends. relationship with the life Indonesian society. This manifesto published after
Because of disagreement on how Soedjojono organised the death of Chairil Anwar (1949) and almost 9 months late then the initial
SIM, Affandi and Hendra quitted from SIM and formed date it was written (Februrary 1950), probably because they want to
their own artists organisation Pelukis Rakyat (People announced their diagreement towards Lekra's "manifesto" stated in their
Painters) preamble and the fact that some of their artists collectives ("Seniman
Gelanggang" ) joined Lekra.
26. 1948—Bandung
Sanggar Jiwa Mukti 1952—Bandung
Barli Sasmitawinata, Karnedi Sanggar Seniman
Kartono Yudhokusumo
1949-1950—Jakarta 1959—Bandung
Yin Hua Sanggar Rangga Gempol
(Association of Chinese Painters) Barli Sasmitawinata
Lee Manfong
1952—Jogjakarta 1947—Bandung
1945-1949 Pelukis Indonesia Muda • Faculty of Fine Art and Design (FSRD)-ITB
Independence/ G. Sidharta S, Widayat Officially opened on 1 August 1947 under the name "Universitaire
Revolution War Leergang Voor de Opleiding van Tekenleraren", then named in Bahasa
against the Ducth offensive Indonesia "Balai Pendidikan Universiter Guru Gambar" (University
political moves in international Education House for Drawing Lecturers").
diplomacy and military forces. 1950—Jogjakarta
The Dutch military + police • Indonesian Fine Art 1 Februari 1959, officially transformed as state university,
tried to occupy big cities in
Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi. Academy (ASRI) within Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB),
To protect Indonesian officially opened on
sovereignity, the new 15 January 1950
1959—Jogjakarta
government decided to move to (even though the school was
Jogjakarta (1946), as Sanggar Bambu
already in operation from
temporary capital city/ Soenarto PR cs.
1949) 1961—Jogjakarta
government center. Young Sanggar Bumi Tarung
intellectuals, artists, students, Position itself as “non- Amrus Natalsja cs.
17 August 1945
guerillia fighters also move to political” artists collective, a September-October 1965
The proclamation
Jogja supporting the nation 17 August 1950 conflicting position and views Closely related to The Communist Coup?
leaders. LEKRA LEKRA and PKI The Anti-Communist Amok
of the Independence:
People Cultural Institute against Bumi Tarung
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
17 August 1963
1945-1949 1950-1965 Manifes Kebudayaan
Independence/Revolution War National political tension A group of young writers, artists,
escalated approaching the intellectuals published their
Most young artists moved to Jogja first general election (1955). manifesto which perceived as
or other cities that were still safe (under the control of All political parties formed “liberal” and “anti-revolutionary” by
the new Republic government and guerillia groups.) their own artist/cultural the leftist-communist group.
organizations. LEKRA was
1946 — Seniman Indonesia Muda one of the most active and 8 May 1964
(SIM —Young Indonesian Artists) influential, closely affiliated Soekarno, in favor with the leftist-
S. Soedjojono moved to Madiun (East Java) then to to the Indonesian Communist communist writers/intellectuals,
Solo (1947) and form SIM (Members: Trisno Party. 1950 officially banned “Manifes
Soemardjo, Sudibyo, Sedyono; and later on some of the Surat Kepercayaan Gelanggang Kebudayaan.”
young artists from Jakarta: Nashar, Zaini, Nasyah Young writers and artists (Chairil Anwar, Asrul Sani, Rivai Apin)
Djamin, etc. announced their manifesto in 'Siasat' magazine (October 1950) in which they
stated that: they inherit not only Indonesian culture, but also world
contemporary culture. And they believe that as artists they can shape the
SIM also opened their office and sanggar in Jogja,
new Indonesian cultural life; as they will always be aware of their
organised by Affandi, Hendra Gunawan, and friends. relationship with the life Indonesian society. This manifesto published after
Because of disagreement on how Soedjojono organised the death of Chairil Anwar (1949) and almost 9 months late then the initial
SIM, Affandi and Hendra quitted from SIM and formed date it was written (Februrary 1950), probably because they want to
their own artists organisation Pelukis Rakyat (People announced their diagreement towards Lekra's "manifesto" stated in their
Painters) preamble and the fact that some of their artists collectives ("Seniman
Gelanggang" ) joined Lekra.
27. 1948—Bandung
Sanggar Jiwa Mukti 1952—Bandung
Barli Sasmitawinata, Karnedi Sanggar Seniman
Kartono Yudhokusumo
1949-1950—Jakarta 1959—Bandung
Yin Hua Sanggar Rangga Gempol
(Association of Chinese Painters) Barli Sasmitawinata
Lee Manfong
1952—Jogjakarta 1947—Bandung
1945-1949 Pelukis Indonesia Muda • Faculty of Fine Art and Design (FSRD)-ITB
Independence/ G. Sidharta S, Widayat Officially opened on 1 August 1947 under the name "Universitaire
Revolution War Leergang Voor de Opleiding van Tekenleraren", then named in Bahasa
against the Ducth offensive Indonesia "Balai Pendidikan Universiter Guru Gambar" (University
political moves in international Education House for Drawing Lecturers").
diplomacy and military forces. 1950—Jogjakarta
The Dutch military + police • Indonesian Fine Art 1 Februari 1959, officially transformed as state university,
tried to occupy big cities in
Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi. Academy (ASRI) within Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB),
To protect Indonesian officially opened on
sovereignity, the new 15 January 1950
1959—Jogjakarta
government decided to move to (even though the school was
Jogjakarta (1946), as Sanggar Bambu
already in operation from
temporary capital city/ Soenarto PR cs.
1949) 1961—Jogjakarta
government center. Young Sanggar Bumi Tarung
intellectuals, artists, students, Position itself as “non- Amrus Natalsja cs.
17 August 1945
guerillia fighters also move to political” artists collective, a September-October 1965
The proclamation
Jogja supporting the nation 17 August 1950 conflicting position and views Closely related to The Communist Coup?
leaders. LEKRA LEKRA and PKI The Anti-Communist Amok
of the Independence:
People Cultural Institute against Bumi Tarung
Republic of Indonesia
independence, conflicts and control
17 August 1963
1950-1965 Manifes Kebudayaan 1966
1945-1949 The Fall of
Independence/Revolution War National political tension A group of young writers, artists, Soekarno
escalated approaching the intellectuals published their
Most young artists moved to Jogja first general election (1955). manifesto which perceived as New Beginning:
or other cities that were still safe (under the control of All political parties formed “liberal” and “anti-revolutionary” by Suharto’s
the new Republic government and guerillia groups.) their own artist/cultural the leftist-communist group. New Order
organizations. LEKRA was
1946 — Seniman Indonesia Muda one of the most active and 8 May 1964
(SIM —Young Indonesian Artists) influential, closely affiliated Soekarno, in favor with the leftist-
S. Soedjojono moved to Madiun (East Java) then to to the Indonesian Communist communist writers/intellectuals,
Solo (1947) and form SIM (Members: Trisno Party. 1950 officially banned “Manifes
Soemardjo, Sudibyo, Sedyono; and later on some of the Surat Kepercayaan Gelanggang Kebudayaan.”
young artists from Jakarta: Nashar, Zaini, Nasyah Young writers and artists (Chairil Anwar, Asrul Sani, Rivai Apin)
Djamin, etc. announced their manifesto in 'Siasat' magazine (October 1950) in which they
stated that: they inherit not only Indonesian culture, but also world
contemporary culture. And they believe that as artists they can shape the
SIM also opened their office and sanggar in Jogja,
new Indonesian cultural life; as they will always be aware of their
organised by Affandi, Hendra Gunawan, and friends. relationship with the life Indonesian society. This manifesto published after
Because of disagreement on how Soedjojono organised the death of Chairil Anwar (1949) and almost 9 months late then the initial
SIM, Affandi and Hendra quitted from SIM and formed date it was written (Februrary 1950), probably because they want to
their own artists organisation Pelukis Rakyat (People announced their diagreement towards Lekra's "manifesto" stated in their
Painters) preamble and the fact that some of their artists collectives ("Seniman
Gelanggang" ) joined Lekra.
29. 'new order', 'regimentation', 'new art movement'
1966
Tritura
Anti-Soekarno
Student Movement
11 March 1966
Supersemar
With a mandated
instruction letter, claimed
to be handed directly by
Soekarno to Suharto,
Indonesian Army under
the direction of Suharto
started to eliminate all
“communist elements” in
the country.
30. 'new order', 'regimentation', 'new art movement'
1966 12 March 1967
Tritura The End of Soekarno’s
Anti-Soekarno
Student Movement Era
The People Assembly
11 March 1966 (emergency) officially
impeached Soekarno and
Supersemar handed power to (Gen.)
With a mandated Suharto: to restore social-
instruction letter, claimed political order until general
to be handed directly by election of 1971.
Soekarno to Suharto,
Indonesian Army under
the direction of Suharto
started to eliminate all
“communist elements” in
the country.
31. 15 December 1970
Sanggar Dewata Indonesia
established by a group of young art
students from Bali who studied in
ASRI, Jogjakarta.
(Nyoman Gunarsa,
Pande Gde Supada, Wayan Sika,
Nyoman Arsana,
Wayan Arsana Guna,
Made Wianta).
'new order', 'regimentation', 'new art movement'
1966 12 March 1967
Tritura The End of Soekarno’s
Anti-Soekarno
Student Movement Era
The People Assembly
11 March 1966 (emergency) officially
impeached Soekarno and
Supersemar handed power to (Gen.)
With a mandated Suharto: to restore social-
instruction letter, claimed political order until general
to be handed directly by election of 1971.
Soekarno to Suharto,
Indonesian Army under
the direction of Suharto
started to eliminate all
“communist elements” in
the country.
32. 15 December 1970
Sanggar Dewata Indonesia
established by a group of young art
students from Bali who studied in
ASRI, Jogjakarta.
(Nyoman Gunarsa,
Pande Gde Supada, Wayan Sika,
Nyoman Arsana,
Wayan Arsana Guna,
Made Wianta).
'new order', 'regimentation', 'new art movement'
5 July 1971
1966 12 March 1967 1st general election
Tritura The End of Soekarno’s under Suharto’s New
Anti-Soekarno
Era Order
Student Movement
The People Assembly
11 March 1966 (emergency) officially A newly-formed political
impeached Soekarno and party, fully supported by the
Supersemar handed power to (Gen.)
With a mandated Army, GOLKAR, won the
Suharto: to restore social-
instruction letter, claimed political order until general election and elected Suharto
to be handed directly by election of 1971. as president.
Soekarno to Suharto, Later on, the new
Indonesian Army under
government imposed a new
the direction of Suharto
started to eliminate all legislation to minimize
“communist elements” in political parties. Until 32
the country. years later, only 3 parties
exist in Indonesia: Golkar,
PPP, PDI.