Ferdinand VII returned to the Spanish throne in 1815 after Napoleon's defeat. He reestablished absolutism and rejected the liberal 1812 constitution. Liberal military officers revolted against Ferdinand in 1820 and forced him to restore the constitution. Ferdinand regained full power in 1823 with the help of conservatives and the church, ruling as an absolute monarch until his death in 1833.

1. 1815
Return of Fernando
VII
1823
Return to absolutism
1830
Pragmatic
sanction
1833
Death of
Fernando VII
1815
Napoleon was
finally
defeated at
Waterloo
1820
Revolt of Riego and
Quiroga
“The privy council of a king”, British satirical print, published in London on the 28 March 1815.
Ferdinand VII with
ass's (mule's) ears
Two clerical advisers
of Ferdinand VII
"Up with
the Holy
Office."
“War to the freemen”
“Down with the
Constitution”
“La Pepa”
Liberalism AbsolutismAbsolutism