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CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF ECUADOR FACULTY PHILOSOPHY LANGUAGES SCHOOL CASTRO ALBIÑO EDITH NATIVIDAD Cuarto Semestre  Quito – Ecuador 2011
LINKING WORDS AND PHRASES
Most pieces of formal writing are organized in a similar way: introduction; development of main ideas or arguments; conclusion. Linking words and phrases join clauses, sentences and paragraphs together .
A piece of writing or text may include the following:
Connectives The main linking words and phrases are grouped below according to the similarity of their meaning to the three basic connectives  and, or, but. Some can be used to link paragraphs and others can only be used to link ideas within a paragraph .
1 and  a listing  1 enumeration (points in order 2 addition i reinforcement ii comparison b transition (leads to a new stage) c summary (gives a summary or conclusion) d reference (refers to what was said before) e example f result (the consequence of what was said before) g place (refers to things in or outside the document) h time (refers to other )
or  i reformulation (expresses something in another way) j replacement (expresses an alternative)
But k contrast (presents a different view) l concession (agrees that something is good, with limitations )
a) Listing 1.  Enumeration indicates a  cataloguing of what is being said. Most lists use clearly defined groups of words :
 
2.  Addition to what has been previously indicated. i.  Reinforcement (includes confirmation): above all  indeed actually  in addition additionally  moreover again  not only but also  also  notably as well (as)  obviously besides  particularly especially  specifically further  then furthermore  too what is  more
Comparison (similarity to what has preceded):
Transition (can lead to a new stage in the sequence of thought):
Summary (a generalisation or summing up of what has preceded): Altogether  then hence  therefore in brief  thus in conclusion to conclude in short  to sum up overall  to summarise
Reference  (refers back to previous sentences): and  mainly as follows  mostly chiefly  namely for instance  notably for example  or in other words particularly in particular  such as including  that is
Example: for example for instance such as to illustrate as an illustration to demonstrate
Result  (expresses the consequence or result from what is implicit in the preceding sentence or sentences):
 
 

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Tics linkin words

  • 1.  
  • 2. CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF ECUADOR FACULTY PHILOSOPHY LANGUAGES SCHOOL CASTRO ALBIÑO EDITH NATIVIDAD Cuarto Semestre Quito – Ecuador 2011
  • 4. Most pieces of formal writing are organized in a similar way: introduction; development of main ideas or arguments; conclusion. Linking words and phrases join clauses, sentences and paragraphs together .
  • 5. A piece of writing or text may include the following:
  • 6. Connectives The main linking words and phrases are grouped below according to the similarity of their meaning to the three basic connectives and, or, but. Some can be used to link paragraphs and others can only be used to link ideas within a paragraph .
  • 7. 1 and a listing 1 enumeration (points in order 2 addition i reinforcement ii comparison b transition (leads to a new stage) c summary (gives a summary or conclusion) d reference (refers to what was said before) e example f result (the consequence of what was said before) g place (refers to things in or outside the document) h time (refers to other )
  • 8. or i reformulation (expresses something in another way) j replacement (expresses an alternative)
  • 9. But k contrast (presents a different view) l concession (agrees that something is good, with limitations )
  • 10. a) Listing 1. Enumeration indicates a cataloguing of what is being said. Most lists use clearly defined groups of words :
  • 11.  
  • 12. 2. Addition to what has been previously indicated. i. Reinforcement (includes confirmation): above all indeed actually in addition additionally moreover again not only but also also notably as well (as) obviously besides particularly especially specifically further then furthermore too what is more
  • 13. Comparison (similarity to what has preceded):
  • 14. Transition (can lead to a new stage in the sequence of thought):
  • 15. Summary (a generalisation or summing up of what has preceded): Altogether then hence therefore in brief thus in conclusion to conclude in short to sum up overall to summarise
  • 16. Reference (refers back to previous sentences): and mainly as follows mostly chiefly namely for instance notably for example or in other words particularly in particular such as including that is
  • 17. Example: for example for instance such as to illustrate as an illustration to demonstrate
  • 18. Result (expresses the consequence or result from what is implicit in the preceding sentence or sentences):
  • 19.  
  • 20.