Throughout theatre history, governments and other governing inst.docx

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Throughout theatre history, governments and other governing institutions have attempted to regulate theatre (limiting producing companies, the number of productions or withholding funding). To circumvent government's actions, producers and artists have taken various steps to promote the growth of theatre , from the creation of boulevard theatres in France during the 19th Century to setting up kickstarter funding accounts in today's world. Some governments have even tried to promote the arts, by offering government subsidization (an attempt to support and regulate art at the same time). In the United States today, the National Endowment for the Arts offers many government grants to artists (as does many state agencies). The process, though, is very lengthy and there is no guarantee the artist will be awarded anything. Plus, in recent years, Congress have voted to reduce (or keep level) the NEA's budget, making receiving a grant even more difficult. This last journal is another debate. Should government regulate art? Is it even possible? R ationalize both sides of the debate. As with previous journals, create your response, in the Assignment submission below (not in Comments field), as a journal or diary entry. The journal s hould be one page long, approximately 350-400 words minimum. Be careful of spelling, grammar, and punctuation...proofread and edit your work as necessary. This assignment will be graded according to the Journal Assignment Rubri c .

Education

S T A T E P O L I C Y B R I E F S Tools for Arts Decision Making WHY SHOULD GOVERNMENT SUPPORT THE ARTS? State governments today face monumental challenges: record-breaking budget shortfalls, rising unemployment, widespread home foreclosures and escalating needs for public assistance. States are wrestling with these immediate pressures while also trying to address long-term concerns about education, economic competitiveness and health care. All the while, public managers and elected officials must uphold the principles that taxpayers expect: thrift, accountability, equity and transparency. In this environment, all areas of spending—including the arts—are under increased scrutiny. Lawmakers may question whether government has a legitimate role to play in the arts or may ask why the arts should receive funds when so many other needs are pressing. We encourage you to welcome dialogue about these issues. The 40- year history of state arts agencies proves that when policymakers understand how the arts benefit government and citizens, they find a way to continue support, even during hard financial times. We hope that this document will help bring those benefits to the foreground and help your state answer common questions about government’s role in arts support. National Assembly of State Arts Agencies 1029 Vermont Ave., NW 2nd Floor Washington, D.C. 20005 Tel: 202.347.6352 Contents Fax: 202.737.0526 1. Does every state fund the arts? Designed for public arts leaders and advocates to excerpt and adapt, this material can be used to support your state’s case for the arts. Select the points that are most relevant in your situation. Quote the research. Add your own examples, and consider the tips and ideas included at the end of the document. For more information on promoting the arts in state policy, explore the Research and Advocacy sections of the NASAA Web site or contact the NASAA office at 202-347-6352. TDD: 202.347.5948 .................. 2 2. Why are the arts a good public [email protected] investment?.....................................................2 www.nasaa-arts.org 3. How can we afford to support the arts in hard times? .................................................3 4. What do states currently © 2010 by the National Assembly of State Arts Agencies. You are free to copy, distribute and transmit this document or parts thereof for noncommercial purposes provided you use this copyright notice. invest in the arts?........................................... 4 5. Can’t we just use federal funds? .................. 4 6. Why can’t the private sector do this job? .....................................................5 7. Why are state arts agencies essential? ......... 6 8. Why fund artists and arts organizations? ... 7 9. Does state funding for the arts cause dependence on public dollars? ......

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Discussion 1 Economists generally agree that U.S. antitrust policy is complex, changing over time, divided among several U.S. federal government agencies, and subject to frequent court reversals. The underlying question remains whether the U.S. needs more or less regulation of market structures. Key questions are: • Are U.S. markets becoming less competitive because of mergers and acquisitions? • Are U.S. markets becoming more competitive because of new technology? • Are U.S. markets becoming more or less competitive because of globalization? • Is enough information available for wise antitrust enforcement? US Federal agencies involved in antitrust include US Federal Trade Commission at: http://www.ftc.gov US Department of Justice: http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/index.htm For international perspectives see: http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/contact/otheratr.htm For analysis: For a strong anti-regulatory position see Heritage Foundation, a private advocacy group, has been influential in arguing against antitrust enforcement. For an overview see: http://www.heritage.org/search?query=antitrust+enforcement See also: www.cato.org The American Enterprise Institute: http://www.aei.org For strong pro-regulatory position see the Economic Policy Institute, a private advocacy group, argues for more antitrust enforcement: http://www.epi.org/ The Brookings Institution attempts a non-partisan position and publishes frequent overviews of antitrust law. See, for example: http://www.brookings.edu/search?start=1&q=antitrust Discussion 2 Global poverty is an international issue. Other countries are inclined to look to the U.S. with its great wealth to take an active role in assisting poor nations. People here spend money trying to counter baldness while people in other countries are starving to death. On the other hand, foreign aid may be distributed as political favors rather than going to those most in need. Present both sides of the argument on whether the U.S. should work to achieve the Millennium Aid goal for contributions to increase the U.S. contribution to 0.7% of its GDP. For each side of the argument, provide three facts to support the argument. Use at least three of the following concepts in your response: · Extreme poverty · Severe poverty · Persistent poverty · Economic growth · Human Capital Discussion 3 Manufacturers in the US want China to increase the value of the yuan. They say China undervalues their currency making their products cheap, thus undercutting American business. Some believe that this is why Americans are losing jobs. Wal-Mart and other companies believe it is a good thing because it keeps prices low for the products they sells. Discuss whether low yuan value is good for the US because of low prices or if it is costing too many Americans their jobs. You will want to do some research on the subject of currency manipulation for additional information to debate this topic. Impressionism Impression: Sunrise 1874, Claude Monet. About This Module.

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Craig Calhoun Occupy Wall Street in perspective Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Calhoun, Craig (2013) Occupy Wall Street in perspective. British journal of sociology, 64 (1). pp. 26-38. ISSN 0007-1315 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12001 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/49102/ Available in LSE Research Online: April 2013 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. http://www2.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/Experts/[email protected] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1468-4446 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12001 http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/index.html http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/49102/ 1 Occupy Wall Street in Perspective Craig Calhoun Occupy Wall Street was a thrilling protest that briefly dominated media attention and reshaped American public life. As Todd Gitlin suggests, it was perhaps more moment than movement, but of course moments can be very important to movements. Movements are relatively long-term collective engagements in producing or guiding social change. Indeed, in the 19th century the term social movement was often used to describe the actual course of social change, especially change bringing broader social participation. The term is now used to describe all manner of mobilizations, but it is important to distinguish specific protests and other relatively short-term manifestations from longer-term patterns of action seeking to produce major changes. Movements often proceed in alternating phases of intense public action and seeming dormancy, and much of the work that shapes the long term is in fact done during what appear superficially to be mere spaces between waves of activism. The waves, moreover, are often conjunctures among multiple movements. In the 1960s, for example, people were mobilized not only around peace (or against a specific war), but also in the civil rights struggle, union struggles, the women’s movement, the environmental movement and so forth. Likewise the Progressive Era saw a wave in which mobilizations for many causes around labour, immigration, women’s suffrage and other.

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