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2. Differentiates language used in academic textDifferentiates language used in academic texts from various disciplines
s from various disciplines
QUARTER 1
MELC 4
States the thesis statement of an academic
text

3. Thesis Statement
A thesis is a controlling
idea about a topic that the
writer is attempting to
prove

4. THESIS STATEMENT
•a central idea or a thesis statement － a statement that “makes a
definitive point about your topic” (Beebe, Beeby & Ivy, 2007).
•expresses the entire point of your paper.
•sets the focus of your academic paper.
• helps your reader understand your intent better.
is the overall idea or argument of your work.
•is a general statement that presents essential points that leads the reader
to the right direction.
•makes all parts of your work stick together.

5. It shows your stand on an issue.
It answers a question.
It makes a claim that can be disputed.
It is a single sentence at the start of your
paper that presents your argument to the
readers.
Characteristics of a thesis statement

6. How to Write a Thesis Statement
● Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do upon
receiving an assignment or task.
● A thesis must be the result of a long process of thinking
and planning.
● Before you can develop any kind of thesis, you must first
do your research on the topic.
● Look for information and evidence, then organize them
based on the points they make.

7. ●Look for possible relationships between
pieces of information.
●Analyze and find the significance of these
relationships.
●Afterward, you will most likely be able to
come up with a “working thesis” that has a
basic main idea.
●It’s okay if your thesis and your arguments
might need adjustments along the way.

8. Make your thesis statement as specific as possible by doing the
following:
● expressing just one major idea
● naming the topic and asserting something specific about it
● stating your position or opinion about the issue
A thesis statement is different from a topic sentence in
two aspects:
Thesis statement- is the main idea of an essay
Topic sentence- is the main idea of a paragraph
Thesis statement- contains at least two supporting
points which are developed in succeeding paragraphs
Topic sentence- usually has just one supporting point

9. How do I write a good thesis statement?
1.A strong thesis statement takes a stand on the prompt.
-There are some negative and positive aspects to industrialization.
-Because industrialization damaged the environment and exploited
workers, its effects were more negative than positive.
Which thesis is stronger? _______
Explain_________________________________________
2. A strong thesis statement does not simply state a fact, but sets the
stage for analysis of a topic.
a. The Civil War took place between 1861-1865.
b. The Civil War, which took place between 1861-1865, was the
most devastating war in United States history.
Which thesis is stronger?
Explain_____________________________________

10. 3. A strong thesis statement is unified, and expresses one main idea.
a. Although some people believe that George Washington was the best
president, Abraham Lincoln was much better.
b. Abraham Lincoln was the best president because he fought to keep the
country together and fought for the elimination of slavery.
Which thesis is stronger? _______
Explain_________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____
4. A strong thesis statement is specific.
a. The Crusades were fought because of religion.
b. The Crusades were fought due to religious fanaticism and a struggle for
power in the Holy Land.
Which thesis is stronger? _______
Explain_________________________________________

11. Definition
A thesis statement is the controlling idea that you will develop in your
paper. This can be found usually at the end of an introduction. A thesis
statement can be one sentence. However, if necessary, it can also be two
or three sentences.
Elements of a Thesis Statement
1. Topic. The topic of your paper.
2. Argument/Claim. This depends on the type of paper you are writing. If
it is an argumentative paper, then this should express your opinion. If it is
a research or explanatory paper, this should explain the purpose of your
paper.
3. Evidence. The support for your argument/claim.
If you already have these three elements, you can combine them to create
your thesis statement.

12. Example 1: (argumentative)
1. Topic – The Harry Potter book series
2. Argument – stole many fantastical elements from The Lord of the
Rings series
3. Evidence – giant spiders, dangerous hooded undead creatures
(Dementors and Nazgul), and a wise mentor.
The Harry Potter book series stole many fantastical elements from the
Lord of the Rings series. Some of the uncanny similarities include giant
spiders, dangerous hooded undead creatures, and a wise mentor that
the hero must learn to survive without.

13. Example 2: (Research/explanatory)
1. Topic – Chesse
2. Argument – has healthy tendencies
3. Evidence – calcium helps bones and teeth, boosts the
growth of good bacteria in the gut, and the protein helps
cells repair themselves
Research has shown that cheese has healthy tendencies
because its calcium provides necessary nutrients for the
growth of bone and teeth, it boosts the growth of food
bacteria in the gut, and it has protein that helps cells repair
themselves.

14. Differentiates language used in academic textDifferentiates language used in academic texts from various disciplines
s from various disciplines
QUARTER 1
MELC 5
Outlines reading texts in various disciplines

15. Why should writers use outlines for planning written
output?
● helps writers categorize main points
● organize paragraphs for consistency and sense
● ensure that paragraphs are fully developed
Outlining academic texts

16. A well-written outline has:
● a thesis statement
● the main idea for each paragraph
● the evidence and supporting details for each
paragraph
Why is it important to include supporting details
for each main idea presented in paragraphs?

17. OUTLINING
Outlining is a tool we use in the writing process to help organize our
ideas, visualize our paper's potential structure, and to further flesh out
and develop points. It allows the writer to understand how he or she
will connect information to support the thesis statement and the claims
of the paper.
It is a helpful guide in organizing your paper. Outlines give a visual
structure to your work and are used to show relationships and
hierarchies within your content.

18. Organizing your idea in an outline
-Begin by answering the question that leads to your thesis statement.
-Use the two or three main ideas from this technique as your main heading.
-Write subtopics for each main idea.
-Write the supporting details for each of the subtopics.
Use various outlines based on the structure you prefer
•Sentence outline – Using complete sentences as entries.
•Topic outline – Using words and phrases as entries.
•Paragraph outline – Using paragraphs as entries.

19. Guidelines in Writing an Outline
•Place the title at the center above the outline.
•Every level of the outline must have at least two items (I and
II, A and B, 1 and 2).
•Put a period after each numeral and letter.
•Indent each new level of the outline.
•All items of one kind (roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic
numerals) should line up with each other.
•Capitalize the first letter of each item.
•The terms Introduction, Body, and Conclusion do not have to
be included in the outline. They are not topics; they are
merely organizational units in the writer’s mind.

20. Basic outline form
•MAIN IDEA
I.Subsidiary idea or supporting idea to I
II.Subsidiary idea or supporting idea to I
A.Subsidiary idea to B
B.Subsidiary idea to B
1.Subsidiary idea to 2
2.Subsidiary idea to 2
•MAIN IDEA
I.Subsidiary or supporting idea to II
II.Subsidiary idea to II
III.Subsidiary idea to II
•MAIN IDEA
It is up to the writer to decide on how many main ideas and supporting ideas
adequately describe the subject. However, traditional form dictates that if
there is a I in the outline, there has to be a II; if there is an A, there has to be a
B; and so forth.

21. Example Sentence Outline
The following outline is for a 5-7-page paper discussing the link between
educational attainment and health. Review the other sections of this
page for more detailed information about each component of this outline!
Introduction
I.Current Problem: Educational attainment rates are decreasing in
the United States while healthcare costs are increasing.
II.Population/Area of Focus: Unskilled or low-skilled adult workers
III.Key Terms: healthy, well-educated
Thesis Statement: Because of their income deficit (cite sources) and
general susceptibility to depression (cite sources), students who drop out
of high school before graduation maintain a higher risk for physical and
mental health problems later in life.

22. Background
I.Historical Employment Overview: Unskilled laborers in the past were
frequently unionized and adequately compensated for their work (cite
sources).
II.Historical Healthcare Overview: Unskilled laborers in the past were
often provided adequate healthcare and benefits (cite sources).
III.Current Link between Education and Employment Type:
Increasingly, uneducated workers work in unskilled or low-skilled jobs (cite
sources).
IV.Gaps in the Research: Little information exists exploring the health
implications of the current conditions in low-skilled jobs.

23. •Major Point 1: Conditions of employment affect workers' physical health.
I.Minor Point 1: Unskilled work environments are correlated highly with worker
injury (cite sources).
II.Minor Point 2: Unskilled work environments rarely provide healthcare or
adequate injury recovery time (cite sources).
•Major Point 2: Conditions of employment affect workers' mental health
I.Minor Point 1: Employment in a low-skilled position is highly correlated with
dangerous levels of stress (cite sources).
II.Minor Point 2: Stress is highly correlated with mental health issues (cite
sources).
•Major Point 3: Physical health and mental health correlate directly with one
another.
I.Minor Point 1: Mental health problems and physical health problems are highly
correlated (cite sources).
II.Minor Point 2: Stress manifests itself in physical form (cite sources)

24. •Major Point 4: People with more financial worries have
more stress and worse physical health.
I.Minor Point 1: Many high-school dropouts face financial
problems (cite sources).
II.Minor Point 2: Financial problems are often correlated
with unhealthy lifestyle choices such unhealthy food
choices, overconsumption/abuse of alcohol, chain smoking,
abusive relationships, etc. (cite sources).
Conclusion
III.Restatement of Thesis: Students who drop out of high
school are at a higher risk for both mental and physical
health problems throughout their lives.