thesis final

A PROJECT REPORT
ON
SURVEILLANCE USING OPEN HARDWARE SYSTEMS
A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
submitted by
ADITYA GUDIPUDI (11011M2401)
ANIRUDH KODARU(11011M2010)
AVINASH GOUD (11011M2406)
KRISHNAM RAJU (11011M2410)
Under the esteemed guidance of
N. MANGALA GOURI
Associate professor, Department of ECE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
JNTUH College of Engineering
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
Hyderabad-500 085
2014

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
Hyderabad-500 085
CERTIFICATE BY THE SUPERVISOR
This is to certify that the project report entitled “ SURVEILLANCE USING
OPEN HARDWARE SYSTEMS”, being submitted by ADITYA GUDIPUDI
(11011M2401), ANIRUDH KODARU(11011M2010), AVINASH GOUD
CHEKKILLA (11011M2406), K R V KRISHNAM RAJU (11011M2410) in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of BACHELOR of
TECHNOLOGY in Electronics and Communication Engineering during the
academic year 2013-2014 is a record of bonafide work carried out by them, under my
supervision. The results are verified and found satisfactory.
N. MANGALA GOURI
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF
Hyderabad-500 085

ENGINEERING
Hyderabad-500 085
CERTIFICATE BY THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
This is to certify that the project report entitled “ SURVEILLANCE USING
OPEN HARDWARE SYSTEMS”, being submitted by ADITYA GUDIPUDI
(11011M2401), ANIRUDH KODARU(11011M2010), AVINASH GOUD
CHEKKILLA (11011M2406), K R V KRISHNAM RAJU (11011M2410) in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of BACHELOR of
TECHNOLOGY in Electronics and Communication Engineering during the
academic year 2013-2014 is a record of bonafide work carried out by them, under my
supervision. The results are verified and found satisfactory.
Dr. M. ASHA RANI
Professor & Head of the Department
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
Hyderabad-85

ENGINEERING
Hyderabad-500 085
DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE
We, ADITYA GUDIPUDI (11011M2401), ANIRUDH KODARU (11011M2010),
AVINASH GOUD CHEKKILLA (11011M2406), K R V KRISHNAM RAJU
(11011M2410) hereby declare that the project report titled “ SURVEILLANCE
USING OPEN HARDWARE SYSTEMS ”, carried out by us under the guidance of
Mrs. N. Mangala Gouri (Associate Professor), is submitted in partial fulfillment of
the requirements of the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics
and Communications. This is a record of the bonafide work carried out by us and the
results embodied in this project have not been reproduced/copied from any source.
The results embodied in this project report have not been submitted to any other
university of institute for the award of any other degree or diploma.
Aditya Gudipudi (11011M2401)
Anirudh Kodaru (11011M2010)
Avinash Goud Chekkilla (11011M2406)
K R V Krishnam Raju(11011M2410)

ACKNOWEDGEMENTS
It gives us great pleasure to present the report of the B.Tech Main Project undertaken
after the completion of the Fourth Year, first semester class work.
Our journey through the completion of the project has been a rather exciting and
informative path.
We cannot thank the numerous number of people who have helped a great deal in
pushing us till the completion of this project. We thank all those who stood by our
side through this grueling process.
A special gratitude to our guide Mrs. N. Mangala Gouri for giving us the valuable
support and guidance through the project. We thank her for giving her room entirely
for our use.
We would definitely take time to thank the one person, Dr. L. Pratap Reddy, who
made us believe in ourselves and helped correct our various mistakes and never let us
down whenever we came to him for advice.
Last but not the least we would like to thank all our institution faculty members,
family and friends for their constant motivation in completing this project.
- Regards,
Aditya Gudipudi
Anirudh Kodaru
Avinash Goud Chekkilla
K R V Krishnam Raju

SURVEILLANCE ON OPEN HARDWARE SYSTEMS
ABSTRACT
Surveillance has become an important factor in the development of the
new world systems where sectors like data security, close monitoring systems, theft
alarms, traffic management and various other applications depend entirely on the
surveillance and their reliability. But as the world in moving forward by the second,
the costs of management of these factors can be skyrocketing too. So what we need to
achieve is a low cost solution for the surveillance systems.
So far, the surveillance world has seen devices like CCTV (Close Circuit
Television) cameras, Bullet Cameras, Dome Cameras, IP cameras etc. But these
hardware systems don't come at a price comfortable to the common man. The
solution to this problem is to reduce the cost of the hardware system itself. This is
possible by implementing open hardware systems like Raspberry Pi, Cubie Truck etc
which are PCBs that contain Linux based operating systems and can perform various
operations similar to that of normal Desktop or Laptop.
This simplifies the working of a surveillance camera by a great deal and also
helps in reducing the average cost by a great deal as well. This is because the cost of
these above mentioned open hardware systems are easily manageable by the common
man.

CONTENTS
Acknowledgements
Abstract
List of Tables
List of Figures
Nomenclature
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Open Hardware
1.3 Study on surveillance systems
1.4 Organization of Project
2. Preliminary Testings of Open Hardware Devices
2.1 Observations on Raspberry Pi Model B
2.2 Observations on Cubie Truck
2.3 Evaluation of Raspi Cam
2.4 Limitations
3. Integration of Open ERP with surveillance cameras
3.1 Evaluation and Results
4. Conclusions
References

Chapter 1- Introduction
1.1 Introduction
Digital technologies are playing a prominent role in the present day
scenario. With the increase in the cost of living in the new world, the rapid
advancement of technology has to meet the requirements of the people. Though the
change in the technological sector has been profound it has failed to make an impact
on the small scale businesses and its benefactors.
Present day business community are using the computational systems for various
purposes like billing, security surveillance, entertainment, internet access etc. These
applications require the processing power of the present day computational systems.
There is a necessary of evolving a connection between the devices and processing
power of the computational systems. A practical and low cost solution for this can be
obtained by the introduction of open hardware systems like Raspberry Pi, Beagle
Bone Black, Cubie Truck etc.
There are small scale businesses like surveillance cameras, high speed traffic signal
cameras, ration shops with billing systems and video recording and playback etc.
Providing a solution for this by using just a single board that takes care of all the
tasks will reduce the cost of the systems drastically.
1.2 Open Hardware
Open hardware doesn't have a single definition. Generally, Open Source
hardware means or refers to an electronic hardware design that is freely available
under a particular license that is realized popularly across the world. One such license
under which Open Hardware is realized is known as the General Public License
(GPL). The open source hardware includes schematics, diagrams and design rules
that can be used, studied and modified without restriction and can be copied and
redistributed in modified or unmodified form either without restriction or with
minimal restrictions only to ensure that further recipients can do the same.
Open-source hardware was preceded, influenced and shaped by several
prominent cases in which important technologies were developed collaboratively and
out in the open by freebies. Despite the deep roots of its legacies, the open hardware
movement only found purposes in the last decade or such. This was successful mostly
due to the rise of the Internet, which made sharing hardware designs possible, the
commercial success of open source software, which gave it public visibility, and the
decrease in cost of production tools, which made it feasible to one and all those who
had internet access or the knowledge of open hardware.

1.3 Study on existing surveillance systems
An initial study of the existing CCTV systems gives a vast knowledge on the
functionality of these close circuit devices. The preliminary study includes the
various types of CCTV systems that are available in the market , their specifications
and various other accessories that are required to install these surveillance systems . A
final itinerary of the system is obtained. The results of the survey is listed below -
Types of CCTV cameras
There are various types of cameras that are available in the market which vary
according to the usage of the camera ( i.e indoor or outdoor) , as well as the
resolution of the camera which is measured in TVL. The basic cameras that are in use
are listed below. -
Dome camera
Dome cameras are either ceiling mounted or suspended from a wall mounted bracket
depending on the application and the field of view required. The camera unit is
mounted inside a transparent dome which can be tinted to obscure the camera
position. Dome cameras come in a wide variety of forms. They can be analogue or IP,
fixed or mobile. PTZ domes can rotate (pan), incline (tilt) or focus closer on objects
of interest (zoom). The cameras can by thermal for night vision or be equipped with
infrared illuminators or they can be for daytime use only. Housings are available for
weather or vandal resistance or for use in hazardous (explosion risk) environments.
Dome cameras are also available in mini- and micro- versions for discrete
deployments and are available in a range of housings to suit various architectural
styles. Modern IP dome cameras are also available with built-in video analytics and

can receive power through the Ethernet signal cable reducing installation costs.
Bullet camera
Bullet cameras are generally used for outdoor surveillance. The cameras are
equipped with a stand to mount it on walls or any other surface. Lens is located inside
the dome and which is again surrounded by infrared LED's that provide vision during
night time. The cameras can be powered by using the coaxial cable which is
connected to the camera to obtain the video output.
Cables and Connectors
Coaxial cables are used to power the camera and also to obtain the video data
output. A cable named 3+1 coaxial cable is the most common cable that is used which
implies that a strong copper wire along with 3 other small copper wire are insulated
in a single coaxial cable.

Digital Video Recorder
DVR is the back end device in which the video gets stored. DVR is similar
like a DVD player but rather built on embedded linux that records and displays the
video obtained from the CCTV camera. DVR is not provided with an internal
memory storage but instead a SATA hard disc can be used as the storage device.
1.4 ORGANISATION OF THESIS
Chapter 1- Introduction , study
chapter 2- Preliminary testing on open hardware devices
chapter 3- Integration of OpenErp with single camera surveillance
chapter 4 – Conclusions

Chapter 2- Preliminary testings on open hardware devices
2.1 RASPBERRY Pi
The Raspberry Pi incorporates a number of enhancements and features. Improved
power consumption, increased connectivity and greater IO are among the
improvements to this powerful, small and lightweight ARM based computer.
The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer
monitor or TV, and uses a standard keyboard and mouse. It is a capable little device
that enables people of all ages to explore computing, and to learn how to program in
languages like Scratch and Python. It’s capable of doing everything a desktop
computer does, from browsing the internet and playing high-definition video, to
making spreadsheets, word-processing, and playing games. The Raspberry Pi
Foundation is a registered educational charity (registration 5number 1129409) based
in the UK with a goal to advance the education of adults and children, particularly in
the field of computers, computer science and related subjects.
Raspberry Pi comes in two models MODEL A , MODEL B , MODEL B+
Model A has a 256MB RAM and Model B has 512MB RAM. Raspberry pi model B
is selected for the work towards providing a solution. The main specifications of the
board are ARM1176JZF-S – 700 MHz Processor (BCM2835 SOC), Video Core IV
GPU providing OpenGL ES 1.1, OpenGL ES 2.0, 512MB SDRAM and uses a SD
Card for booting and storage.
It contains Status LEDs, 2 x USB 2.0 ports, Ethernet port, CSI Connector Camera,
JTAG Header, HDMI port, Micro USB Power, SD card slot, GPIO Headers, DSI
Connector display, RCA video and Audio jack.

Figure 1: Raspberry Pi Front view
Basic devices required to make the device functional are SD card in
which the operating systems resides, an USB keyboard, Monitor/ projector with
HDMI/DVI-D/RCA inputs for display with corresponding video cable, 5V power
adapter for power supply to the device, internet connection through Ethernet or Wi-Fi
and USB mouse.
The Pi has many connectors, and most of them look familiar. On a Model B
board, one can find two regular-sized USB ports that can be used to connect a
keyboard, a mouse and a micro-USB port, but it is needed to power the Pi, and it
cannot be used to connect more devices.
If one need to connect more devices, connect them to a USB hub. The
Model A board has only a single USB port, so it probably always needs a USB hub.
One can connect the Model B to a network directly using its Ethernet (LAN) port.
Model A does not have an Ethernet port, but can be added by attaching a USB-to-
Ethernet converter. Interestingly, Model B uses its internal 6USB hardware for
networking too. So there will be no drastic difference in networking performance
between a Model B and a Model A with a USB-to-Ethernet adapter.
To connect the Pi to a display or a TV set, there are two options: the Pi
has ports for connecting both HDMI and composite video. The digital HDMI
standard is way more powerful than the analog composite standard. HDMI can
transmit high-definition video in crystal-clear quality. Composite video cannot
display high-definition graphics, and the output usually flickers a bit. Its biggest
advantage is that one can still find many TV sets that have a composite connector, but
HDMI is gaining ground quickly. Raspberry team did not add a VGA connector. Of
course, one can use an adapter to connect the Pi’s HDMI output to a DVI or VGA
display.

HDMI also transmits both video and sound, but composite video need a
separate connector for sound output. That’s what the audio jack is for—it can be
connected to headphones, to speakers, or to an audio receiver using a standard 3.5mm
plug. To the left of the composite video connector, there is an expansion header that
consists of two rows of pins. Most of these pins are general-purpose input/output pins
(GPIOs), and can be used to connect the Pi to other electronic devices. They do not
have a special purpose, so one can do a lot of different things with them. On the
board there are several other connectors. The CSI connector2 is meant for connecting
a camera to the Pi. With the DSI connector3 one can connect a display, and the JTAG
headers4 help to debug hardware projects.
The board also has five status LEDs that have the following prominence:
➢ The OK LED indicates SD card access; it blinks whenever the Pi tries to
access the SD card. One can control this LED by software, so it’s not
completely accurate.
➢ After connecting a power supply to the Pi, the PWR LED turns on.
➢ The FDX LED shows whether the LAN is running full duplex.
➢ At every LAN activity, the LNK LED blinks.
➢ The 10M LED indicates whether the Pi’s Ethernet link is running at 10Mbit/s
or 100Mbit/s. When this LED is on, the Pi runs at 100Mbit/s.
We need a power supply with a Micro USB connector, because currently the
Pi does not ship with one. According to the Pi’s specification, both models need a
power supply that outputs 5V. The power supply should source 300mA for a Model A
and 700mA for a Model B. Depending on the devices you connect to the Pi, it might
have to source even more. Many cell- 7phone chargers meet the Pi’s requirements,
and this is not a coincidence. The Raspberry team wanted the Pi to work with cell-
phone chargers because of their ubiquity. The Pi’s biggest limitation regarding the
power supply is that no external device should draw more than 100mA from any of
its USB ports.
So, as long as your keyboard and your mouse need 100mA each, everything
works fine. If one device draws more than 100mA, sooner or later strange effects are
observed. To be on the safe side use a power supply that delivers 1A to 1.2A for the
Model B. For Model A it should be between 500mA and 700mA. One can unburden
the Pi with a powered USB hub, but it doesn’t work with every product. So, before
buying something for the Pi, it is best to take a look at the project’s wiki.
The Operating system is flashed onto to the device by following steps :

➢ The OS required can be downloaded from the raspberry pi website. The
downloaded file will be in “zip” format , so we need to extract the file to obtain
the “.img” file.
➢ Now insert the Micro sd card into the PC. If a linux based system is used then
open Gparted partition editor , where the sd card will be displayed.Format the
card using FAT file system to erase the previous data.
➢ Open terminal and run the command df-h to view the drive assigned to SD
card.Unmout the card by using the command unmount /dev/sdF(F is the drive
assigned to sd card)
➢ If permissions are denyed then it implies that SD card is protected and flashing
cannot be done.In that case we need to provide the necessary permissions by
typing
sudo chmod 777 /dev/sdF
➢ Next we have to flash the os onto the SD card, which can be done by using the
following command
dd bs=4M if=filename.img of=/dev/sdF(F is the letter assigned to the
drive)
➢ After the completion of the process , insert the SD card in raspberry pi b+ for
its first boot.
Now the hardware assembly ie. Connecting keyboard , mouse via usb ports and the
monitor via HDMI-DVI cable.The Ethernet cable can be connected via RJ-45 port.
The power supply to the board is through a micro usb port rating 5v-1A. These are
the stepts to be follwed for the initial boot process.
➢ Plug in your keyboard, mouse and monitor cables.
➢ Plug in the USB power cable to your Pi.
➢ The Pi board is now turned on and a list of commands will be
running.
➢ Login Credentials will be asked. The default values are
Username: pi
Password: raspberry

➢ To start the graphical Interface type startx
➢ Now you have Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool (which
can be obtained any time later using command raspi-config) a set of
options displayed where you can change the Date, Time Zone,
Clocking Frequency, Enable or disable Camera, Expand File System,
OverClock, Advanced Options.
➢ Expand the File System to avail the entire micro SD card storage
for the OS.
➢ In Advance Option Enable SSH to connect command line remotely
using software like putty.
➢ After making the necessary changes click Finish.
➢ Now you have your desktop environment of Raspberry pi.
➢ Now press Ctrl+Alt+T to open the terminal. Go to root by typing
sudo su for getting superuser privileges. Update the libraries by using
commands sudo apt-get update then upgrade using sudo apt-get
upgrade
To establish remote connectivity install Putty which is an SSH client. Enter the IP
address of Raspberry pi which can be known by typing ifconfig (interface
configuration) on your PC. You'll be prompted to enter the login credentials after
which you have control over the Terminal.
Installation of OS on Raspberry pi model b and b+ is same.

2.2 Cubie Truck
Hardware Specifications
➢ It has AllWinner A20 System on Chip
➢ It uses ARM® Cortex™-A7 Dual-Core CPU with ARM® Mali400 MP2 GPU
➢ 2GB DDR3 RAM running at 480MHz.
➢ Video output seen using a HDMI&VGA connect to display and Audio using 3.5mm
headphone plug.
➢ Supports 10M/100M/1G Ethernet
➢ It has Wireless Networking and Bluetooth Connectivity with antenna on-board
➢ SATA 2.0 interface support 2.5’ HDD (for 3.5’ HDD, only need another 12V power
input)
➢ Storage can be on Board using NAND 8GB storage or we can use Micro SD.
➢ 2 x USB HOST,1 x OTG,1 x SPDIF,1 x IR,4 x LEDs, 1 Headphone

➢ It consumes 5V DC power supply using 2.5A current.
➢ It has 54 extended pins.
➢ Board Dimensions is 11cm *8cm
Software on cubie truck
There are several OS that can be installed on the Cubietruck board one at a time
which include Android, Cubieez, Lubuntu, Fedora.
Cubieez OS has the few advantages over other operating systems which include-
➢I/O Scheduler which increases the performance on flash devices
➢Kernel supports major USB Wi-Fi adapters
➢Clock & date synchronization
➢It has a Light weight Desktop Environment that requires less than 2Gb space
on a Micro Sd.
➢LXDE (Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment)base desktop which uses
Low Memory and Ram with faster Computational Speed.
➢Audio Codec are inbuilt feature for Cubieez.
➢It supports MicroSd activity and has X11VNC and SSH utilities installed
➢X11 VNC Virtual Network Computing allows one to view remotely and
interact with real X displays, Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network
protocol for remote command-line login and execution between two networked
computers.
➢Iceweasel browser , Gnome Mplayer (less CPU consumption than lxmusic)
are pre-installed.
Flashing OS
Operating system is flashed onto the device by following procedure-
Flash OS to NAND (Internal Memory on the Cubietruck 8GB).
➢ Download PhoenixSuit from http://docs.cubieboard.org/downloads

➢ Download Cubieez from “http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-cubietruck/”
To flash to on board memory we need to download the Nand Image file from
“http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-cubietruck/cubieez/cubieez-v2.0/”.Select
cubieez-ct-nand-v2.0.img.7z image.
➢ Install the Phoenix Suit and extract the cubieez image to any specified location.
➢ Run Phoenix Suit and you'll notice No Devices Attached yet in the Home Tab.
➢ Go to Firmware and select the NAND Image.
➢ We need a USB to MicroUsb Cable .
➢ Connect the Micro Usb side to the board in the Micro Usb slot provided.

➢ Press FEL key and while holding it plug in usb cable to Pc and wait till your
system detects the device and updates its drivers.
Note : When your version of Phoenix prompts to upgrade from 1.06 to 1.07,
upgrade it or else your device drivers mightn't get installed properly.
➢ When it asks for a mandatory Format click Yes and click Upgrade.
➢ The device will be upgrading to cubieez which takes approx 8-10 minutes.
Setup
Now remove all the connections connected to the board . Connect LAN wire in the
Ethernet Port. Use HDMA to DVI cable to connect to a Monitor to display Video
Output. Connect keyboard and Mouse using the two USB ports. Now plug in the
Power Supply to turn on the board. The device will boot up in approximately one
minute. Now using the Login Credentials default values are
User : root/cubie
Password : cubieboard
Now press Ctrl+Alt+T to open the terminal . Go to root by typing sudo su for
getting superuser privileges. Update the libraries by using commands sudo apt-get
update then upgrade using sudo apt-get upgrade.
The operating systems installed in Raspberry pi and Cubie Truck are obtained
from Debian distro which is the base kernel. So the command-line operations are
same for both the devices.
The only possibility for setting up a camera is via USB. So the camera is
inserted in the USB port of the device. Since the camera will not run directly, a
certain set of instructions are to be followed.

Surveillance using external USB Camera:
Logitech Webcam C170
Technical Specifications
➢ Video calling (640 x 480 pixels) with recommended system
➢ Video capture: Up to 1024 x 768 pixels
➢ Logitech Fluid Crystal Technology
➢ Photos: Up to 5 megapixels (software enhanced)
➢ Built-in mic with noise reduction
➢ Hi-Speed USB 2.0 certified (recommended)
➢ Universal clip fits laptops, LCD or CRT monitors
A very good (and free open-source) motion detection/surveillance software with
many configuration options called Motion which is installed using the command
sudo apt-get install motion
This will take a considerable amount of time depending on your internet speed. Once
you have motion installed on the board we need to connect the compatible USB
Camera externally found on “http://elinux.org/Rpi_USB_Webcams” to one of the
Usb Ports. We need to change the motion daemon file by using the command

sudo nano /etc/default/motion
Change the line start_motion_daemon=yes
We need to edit the motion configuration file using the command
sudo nano etc/motion/motion.conf
daemon on ( for running motion as daemon in background)
➢ Change frame rate to 2 for capturing two pictures per sec.
➢ Change the resolution depending upon your requirement.
➢ Set pre_capture and post_capture to 2 to record video before and after motion
is detected
➢ Change to max_mpeg_time to the time in seconds you want to have a single
video slice.
webcam_localhost off (to access live stream from anywhere)
Ctrl+0 then ctrl+x press y to save the configuration
Now reboot the device with the new settings saved. Once the device turns on go to
the terminal and run the motion by using the command-line
sudo service motion start
To view the live streaming video being captured type http://ipaddress:8081 in the
browser .
Supported browser is Mozilla Firefox
To stop Motion detection use the command
sudo service motion stop

Figure : live streming in a local network
All the pictures and videos that are captured by the camera are stored in tmp folder of
the device. The absolute path to the access these files is
cd /tmp/motion
Figure : pictured captured by webcam

FRAME
RATE
MAX RATE PHOTO SIZE
(kb)
VIDEO SIZE DELAY(sec) 1day video(GB)
2 10 10.3 2.5Mb 2.16min 1.5 1.75/52.7gb per
month
5 10 9.3 172kb 3sec 1.3 1.3
10 10 8.3 507.5kb 7sec 0.2 0.2
13 10 8.5 576.5kb 7sec 0.1 0.1
TABLE : Delay measured for different frame rates in cubie board
MAX RATE FRAME RATE DELAY Photo(kb) video
10 10 0.2 9 495kb 6sec
20 10 0.05 8.8 460.9kb,6sec
30 10 0.03 8.8 523kb,8sec
40 10 Real time 10 747.8,10sec
6gb/day 180gb
50 10 Real time 6 892kb,16sec
TABLE : Delay measured for different max rates in cubie board
A observation is done based on the parameters max rates and frame rates. The whole
idea is to reduce the delay in the camera. Two ovservations were done – one with
varying frame rate and other with varying max rate. So for a specific combination the
delay would be zero and almost realtime streaming can be obtained.

FRAME RATE MAX RATE PHOTO SIZE
(kb)
VIDEO SIZE DELAY(sec)
2 10 11 2.4MB 1.3min 3
5 10 10.3 476.5kb 6sec 2.5
10 10 10 546.5kb 7sec 2
13 10 9.73 678.1kb 8 sec 1
Table : delay measured for different frame rates in raspberry pi b
10 10 2 11 2.4MB 1.3min
20 10 1 10.3 476.5kb 6sec
30 10 0.5 10 546.5kb 7sec
40 10 0.1 9.8 678.1kb 8 sec
50 10 Real Time 9.2 600kb 6sec
8.64gb/day
108gb/month
Table : delay measured for different max rates for raspberry pi b
Raspberry pi model b is quiet slow in computational aspects compared to cubie truck.
The reduction of the delay in streming, depends not only on computational speed but
also on the internet speed. Keeping these all aspects in mind the raspberry is a bit
slow in comparision with cubie truck.

2.3 Surveillance using on board Pi Camera(Raspi Cam):
Setting up the Camera hardware
The camera board attaches to the Raspberry Pi via a 15 way ribbon cable.
Pull up the Jack on end of CSI interface which is behind the Ethernet (the other CSI
is used for the LCD) on the pi. On the camera PCB, the blue backing on the cable
should be away from the PCB, and on the Raspberry Pi it should be towards the
Ethernet connection. Now push the Jack. Make sure it is attached tightly to the board
to avoid further issues while working.
Now go to terminal type raspi-config and make sure that the camera is enabled. After
you make changes it will ask for a reboot.
To test whether the camera module is properly setup type the command
raspistill -o image.jpg
The display should show a 5 second preview from the camera and then take a picture,
saved to the file test.jpg.
How to use the Raspberry Pi camera software
raspivid is a command line application that allows you to capture video
with the camera module, while the application raspistill allows you to
capture images.
-o or –output specifies the output filename and -t or –timeout specifies the
amount of time that the preview will be displayed in milliseconds. Note
that this set to 5s by default and that raspistill will capture the final frame
of the preview period.
-d or –demo runs the demo mode that will cycle through the various image
effects that are available.
If we type raspistill we get a list of options for the pi camera where you can change
size,Width,Height, Quality, backlighting and a lot of effects while capturing a Image.
To capture an image in Jpeg format
raspistill -o image.jpg

Capture a 5s video in h264 format : raspivid -o video.h264
Capture a 10s video: raspivid -o video.h264 -t 10000
Capture a 10s video in demo mode : raspivid -o video.h264 -t 10000 -d
To see a list of possible options for running raspivid or raspistill, you can
run:
raspivid | less
raspistill | less
To stream video from the Raspberry Pi camera over a network
Install the dependencies by running the following in a terminal:
sudo apt-get install mplayer netcat
Find your IP address by running ifconfig. (Your IP address will be listed in
the console output and will probably be of the form 192.168.1.XXX).
Run the following command in a terminal to view the feed using MPlayer:
nc -l -p 5001 | mplayer -fps 31 -cache 1024 -

FRAME RATE MAX RATE PHOTO SIZE
(kb)
VIDEO SIZE DELAY(sec)
2 10 11 2.4MB 1.3min 3
5 10 10.3 476.5kb 6sec 2.5
10 10 10 546.5kb 7sec 2
13 10 9.73 678.1kb 8 sec 1
TABLE : Delay for different frame rates in rapberry pi b+
10 10 2 11 2.4MB 1.3min
20 10 1 10.3 476.5kb 6sec
30 10 0.5 10 546.5kb 7sec
40 10 0.1 9.8 678.1kb 8 sec
50 10 Real Time 9.2 600kb 6sec
TABLE : Delay measured for different max rates in raspberry b+
Raspberry pi model b+ is similar to model b. No specific change of functionality was
observed.
2.4 limitations
The power supply to the boards is the major issue. The camera requires 500mA and
the power supplied to raspberry pi is 1A . So the power distribution issues is a major
drawback. The 2A supply to Cubie truck is sufficient to power a camera and the
connected peripherals.

Chapter 3 : Integration of OpenERP with surveillance cameras
System
configuration
peripherals
Raspberry pi Cubie truck Conventional CCTV
camera 1000 1000 3000
DVR - - 4000
Hard disk 1200 - 4000
Cables and wires 700 1000 5000
Display 6000 6000 6000
Keyboard and mouse 1000 1000 1000
Hardware 3000 7000 -
Total 12,900 16,000 23,000
TABLE : Cost comparision for different systems
Surveillance developed on open-source hardware devices is cost saving, but it is
limited to it's functionality. All most close to the conventional cctv can be obtained
with these devices.

System Raspberry pi Cubie Truck Conventional system
openerp 12,000 12,000 35,000
Surveillance cost 12,900 16,000 23,000
Total 24,900 28,000 58,000
TABLE : Total cost when Openerp combined with usb camera
The entire system including the openerp and surveillance will cost almost half the
price of the existing conventional system. This hereby by reduces the cost and can be
available for a common man.

Chapter 4 : Conclusions
In the field of applications domain for traders, general computational
system like personal computers are still predominantly used. A survey is
conducted in this regard to identify the major requirements such as billing
system, continuous/time bound video as precautionary measure as well as
multimedia applications. These applications are attempted using low cost
hardware instead of general purpose computers. The main aim is to design
the system with affordable cost for large class of small business traders.
The low cost hardware – Raspberry Pi is selected for this purpose. Initial
tests have been conducted for multimedia applications followed by testing
of individual peripherals required to build a complete system. An ERP
application viz. OpenERP is evaluated on Raspberry Pi and the peripheral
integration is carried out. The inbuilt media player, Omxplayer is designed
to use the GPU of Raspberry Pi for hardware acceleration. Raspberry Pi is
observed to satisfy the multimedia requirements with the playback delay of
video files limiting to 2 seconds. The individual testing of peripherals like
barcode scanner, thermal printer is carried out successfully. The barcode
scanner i.e. Honeywell MK5145 works out of the box with Pi. The barcode
value is recognized by the Pi without any delays. The thermal printer i.e.
Epson – TM82ii is tested for functionality with Raspberry Pi.
Evaluation of OpenERP on Raspberry Pi is conducted in 2 approaches.
Running OpenERP application on Raspbian similar to that of desktop PC.
This is evaluated for the response of Pi. The other approach is attempted
on a custom OS image with built in OpenERP. Compatibility issues are
resolved during and after the installation. Sample evaluation is carried out
with synthetic test data.
OpenERP integration with peripherals is tested for proof of concept.
However, effective functionality while maintaining the efficiency is yet to
be carried out as a future task.

thesis final

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