COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT

1. PREPARED BY: JULIET F. SOLAYAO, LPT

2. SECULARIZATION
•is the transformation of a society
from close identification with
religious values and institutions
toward nonreligious values and
secular institutions.

3. •In 16th century, the Council
of Trent the Vatican specified
the division of the regular
and secular priest.

4. 1. REGULAR
PRIEST
•The one who established and
administered country’s parishes.
•Belongs to different religious
orders

5. REGULAR PRIEST
•Augustinians
•Recollects
•Jesuits
•Franciscans
•Dominicans
- Originally, They
came as
missionaries to
the Philippines .
- Spanish friars

7. 2. SECULAR
PRIEST
•Mostly composed
by Filipino priest.
•Those who were
not bound by
monastic vows or
rules.

8. 2. SECULAR
PRIEST
•Filipino priests were then not
accepted by the regular
priests, and were mostly
assigned as assistants to
Spanish friars.

9. JESUITS
•The expulsion of the Jesuits
in 1767 created some
opportunities for seculars to
occupy some parishes.

10. JESUITS
•However, when the Jesuits were
allowed to return in 1858,
parishes held by the seculars
where given back to the regulars
once the secular priest holding the
post died.

11. REVERSE
SECULARIZATION
•Where the parishes held by the
seculars were reverted to the
regulars.
•The secularization issue has
became a race issue.

12. DURING SPANISH
COLONIZATION:
•The Spaniards in the Philippines who
were born and who grew up in Spain
were called PENINSULARES , while
the Spaniards born in the Philippines
were called INSULARES.

13. FILIPINO PRIESTS;
•Father’ Pedro
Pablo Pelaez
• Jacinto Zamora
• Mariano Gomez
•Jose Burgos
- who championed the
cause of equal rights with
Spaniards and the
reduction of the influenced
of the church in politics.

14. • During the previous administration
of the liberal Governor-General
Carlos Ma. Dela Torre, these Filipinos
liberals and secular were allowed to
voice their grievance.

15. •Under Governor- General
Izquirdo’s regime, this right was
suppressed.
•The Filipinos struggled to defend
their gains .

16. CAVITE MUTINY
•January 20, 1872
•Brief uprising of 200 Filipino troops
and workers at the Cavite arsenal,
which became the excused for
Spanish repression of the embryonic
Philippine nationalist movement.

17. CAVITE MUTINY
•Provided the pretext for
the conservatives to
eliminate the Filipino
liberals.

19. THE SPANISH FORCES ARRESTED SEVERAL KNOWN
LIBERALS AMONG THEM WERE:
1. Jose Ma. Basa,
2. Antonio Ma. Regidor,
3. Balbino Mauricio,
4. Joaquin Padrode Tavera,
5. Toribio H. del Pilar - brother of propagandist
Marcelo H. del Pilar

20. FATHERS GOMEZ, BURGOS, AND
ZAMORA
•were identified by a false witness named
Francisco Zaldua, who pointed out that
the three priest were indeed out to lead a
government that would overthrow the
Spaniards and install Father Burgos as
the future leader of the Philippines.

21. FEBRUARY 17, 1872
the three priest were garroted
at Bagumbayan, despite the
protests and insufficient
evidence.

22. The others who were identified as
sympathizers of the secularization
issue underwent trial and were found
guilty.
They were sentenced with deportation
to GUAM in the MARIANAS and were
not allowed to return as long as Spain
ruled Philippines.

23. SPANISH RELIGIOUS
OFFICIALS.
Acted as the eyes and ears of the
colonial rule, served & held
positions in the government.
Spreaders of Christian faith
Representatives of the
government.

24. SPANISH RELIGIOUS
OFFICIALS.
They also controlled
education in the country as the
country’s educational
institutions were controlled by
the religious orders.

25. 1868
•The church operated parish
schools which were the
primary schools until the
enactment of religious
reforms.

26. SPANISH RELIGIOUS
OFFICIALS.
Were also guardians of public
morals.
In the local level, the parish
priest endorsed candidates for
political positions.

27. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING…