Tectonic plates are large slabs of rock that make up Earth's crust and upper mantle. They slowly move over time, interacting with each other in different ways along boundaries. There are three main types of boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where they push together, and transform boundaries where they slide horizontally past each other. The movement and interaction of tectonic plates is responsible for geological phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building.