This document provides an overview of key elements of theatre and drama, including the collaborative process, how mood and atmosphere are created, and ways to build tension. It also discusses technical elements like scenery, costumes, props, lights, sound, and makeup. Staging formats are described as well as performance elements such as acting, character analysis, speaking skills, nonverbal expression, blocking, and movement. The document was compiled by students and their lecturer at the Institute of Teacher Training and Education in Indonesia.

1. DRAMA
theatre IN the imagination
Compiled by:
- Aprilia Aulia (1488203004)
- Lecture: Yahya Wahab, M.Pd
- 6th semester
The Institute of Teacher Training and Education (STKIP)
Nurul Huda Sukaraja
2017

2. Theatre/Drama
• Theatre/drama is a collaborative
process which includes:
– The Writer
– The Director
– The Actors
– The Scene Designers
– The Lighting Designers
– The Production Crews

3. Mood and Atmosphere
• Mood and atmosphere
help create the feelings
and emotions for the
audience.
• It also creates tension.
• The audience wants to
know what will happen
next.
• Tension is the driving
force of drama.
• It causes others to
want to know what
happens next and
sustains interest and
momentum.
• It creates challenges
and prevents the drama
from becoming boring.

4. Tension can be created
through:
• movement
• shock or surprise
• silence
• action
• conflict and confrontation
• mystery
• relationships and status
• threat or pressure
• dramatic irony
• movement
• pace
• pause
• silence
• voice
• eye contact
• moves
• physical
contact
• contrast
• positioning
• timing
Theatre arts
• costume
• music
• make-up (including
masks)
• props
• sound effects (SFX)
• set
• special effects

5. Technical Elements
Scenery (set): the theatrical
equipment, such as
curtains, flats, backdrops, or
platforms, used in a
dramatic production to
communicate environment
Costumes: clothing and
accessories worn by
actors to portray character
and period.
Props: short for properties;
any article, except
costume or scenery, used
as part of a dramatic
production; any
moveable object that
appears on stage during
a performance, from a
telephone to a train.
Lights: the placement,
intensity, and color of lights
to help communicate
environment, mood, or
feeling
Sound: the effects an
audience hears during
performance to communicate
character, context, or
environment
Make- up: can help to show
a characters health, age,
situation and can generally
create the appearance of a
character.

6. Staging
Staging is the position of the acting area in relation
to the audience.
The Acting area is the part of the available space
occupied by the set and used by the actors when
acting.
Kind of stage in theatre, there are:
1. THRUST
The audience is on three sides and the stage
has an area that protrudes forward.
2. AVENUE
The audience sits on two sides of the acting
area.
3. THEATRE IN THE ROUND
The audience sits on all four sides of the acting
area.
4. END ON
The audience is positioned in front of the
acting area.
5. PROMENADE
The action takes place in different areas
and the audience move to follow it. The
audience were taken all through the
backstage area, corridors and rehearsal
rooms as the action of the play unfolded.
6. PROSCENIUM ARCH
The audience is positioned in front of the
stage and the stage is “framed”
7. Upstage/Downstage
When theatres were first established in
the 1500s the majority of the audiences
had to stand. Stages were built on a rake
which meant they sloped down towards
the audience, so actors up at the back of
the stage would not be masked by actors
at the front.

7. Performance Elements
Acting use of face, body, and voice to portray character
Character motivation: the reason or reasons for a character’s
behavior; an incentive or inducement for further action for a
character
Character analysis: in responding to dramatic art, the process of
examining how the elements of drama—literary, technical, and
performance—are used
empathy: the capacity to relate to the feelings of another.

8. Performance Elements
Speaking: the mode of expression or delivery of lines
1. Breath control: proper use of the lungs and diaphragm
muscle for maximum capacity and efficiency of breath for
speaking
2. Vocal expression: how an actor uses his or her voice to convey
character
3. Inflection: change in pitch or loudness of the voice.
4. Projection: how well the voice carries to the audience
5. Speaking style: the mode of expression or delivery of lines
6. Diction: selection and pronunciation of words; clarity of
speech.

9. Nonverbal expression:
Gestures any movement of
the actor’s head, shoulder,
arm, hand, leg, or foot to
convey meaning
Body allignment
physiologically correct
posture and use of the
body to ensure the
maximum capacity and
efficiency of breathing and
movement
Facial expression physical
and vocal aspects used by
an actor to convey mood,
feeling, or personality
Character blocking the
path formed by the actor’s
movement on stage,
usually determined by the
director with assistance
from the actor and often
written down in a script
using commonly accepted
theatrical symbols
Movement stage blocking
or the movements of the
actors onstage during
performance; also refers to
the action of the play as it
moves from event to
event.
Performance Elements

10. And Members of 6th semester:
Arna Dwi Noviya
Fatkur Rahman
Indah Tri Lestari
Muhammad Mahfudz Asrori
Rini Wahyu Aulia
Titin Hafisah