This document identifies that nerves found in the cranium. It takes about the 12 pairs of cranial nerves

1. Group 6 CRANIAL NERVES BRANCHES AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
Presented by
Yeboah Nancy
Asante Emmanuel
Acheampong Samuel
Danful Richard

2. Cranial nerves
• They are each of twelve pairs of nerves that emerge
directly from the brain including the brainstem
• Cranial nerves relay information between the brain
and parts of the body
• Peripheral Nervous System;

3. 12 pairs of cranial nerves
• I Olfactory nerve
• II Optic nerve
• III Oculomotor nerve
• IV Trochlear nerve
• V Trigeminal nerve
• VI Abducens nerve
• VII Facial nerve
• VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
• IX Glossopharyngeal nerve
• X Vagus nerve
• XI Accessory nerve
• XII Hypoglossal nerve

4. I Olfactory nerves(s)

5. Olfactory nerve I
• Origin: Cerebral hemisphere
• Innervation: Nasal mucous membranes.
• Function: Sense of smell
• Dysfunction: Anosmia(absence of sense of smell)

6. II Optic nerve (s)
• Origin: cerebral hemisphere
• Innervation: retina of the eye
• Function:
 Gives visual acuity and full visual fields
• Dysfunction: total or partial blindness of one or both
eyes

7. III Occulomotor nerve (m)

8. III Occulomotor nerves
• ORIGIN: Midbrain
• INNERVATION: eyelid; ciliary; and sphincter of iris.
• FUNCTION: Eye movement inward (medially), upward,
downward, and outward; pupil Constriction, shape and
equality; elevates upper eyelid.
• DYSFUNCTION: Unable to look up, down, or medial
(dysconjugate gaze)

9. IV Trochlear nerves (m)

10. IV Trochlear nerves
• ORIGIN: Midbrain
• INNERVATION: Superior oblique muscle of the eye
• FUNCTION: Down and inward movement of the eye.
• DYSFUNCTION: Loss of downward, inner movement of
eye, dysconjugate gaze

11. V Trigeminal nerve (mi)

12. V Trigeminal nerves
ORIGIN: Pons.
The sensory nucleus extends from the pons to the
midbrain, and also to the medulla and spinal cord.
INNERVATION: Three branches of CN V:
 Ophthalmic
 Maxillary
 Mandibular
Function: Sensory innervation to skin and mucous
membranes of head; teeth, tongue, external auditory
canal, and cornea.

13. VI Abducens nerve (m)

14. Abducens nerves
ORIGIN: Pons
INNERVATION: Lateral rectus muscle.
FUNCTION:
Outward lateral movement of eye.
DYSFUNCTION:
Loss of lateral eye movement
dysconjugate gaze

15. Facial nerve VII(mi)

16. Facial nerve
• ORIGIN: Pons & medulla.
• INNERVATION: Anterior two-thirds of tongue; facial
muscles, scalp, ear, and neck.
• FUNCTION:
 Control of facial muscles (expressions)
 Motor limb of blink & corneal reflex
 Secretion of salivary & lacrimal glands
 Sensation of taste, anterior two-thirds tongue.

17. Vestibulocochlear nerve VIII(s)

18. Vestibulocochlear nerve
• ORIGIN: Pons and medulla
• INNERVATION:
 Cochlear – cochlear of the ear
 Vestibular - semi-circular canal of ear
• FUNCTION:
 Cochlear - Hearing
 Vestibular - Balance, maintenance of body
position, and proprioception

19. Glossopharyngeal nerve IX(mi)

20. Glossopharyngeal nerve
• Origin: medulla oblongata
• Innervation: salivary glands
• Functions: . It carries taste sensation from
the taste buds on the posterior one third of
the tongue

21. Vagus nerve X(mi)

22. Vagus nerve
• ORIGIN- Medulla
• INNERVATION:
 Muscles of larynx, pharynx, and soft palate.
Parasympathetic innervation of thoracic and
abdominal viscera.
• FUNCTION:
 Muscles of larynx, pharynx, and soft palate
 Sensation conveyed from the heart, lungs,
digestive tract, carotid sinus, and carotid body
• DYSFUNCTION:
 Loss of gag and swallow reflex

23. Accessory nerve XI(m)

24. Spinal accessory nerve
ORIGIN: Medulla
INNERVATION: Sternocleidomastoid and
trapezius muscles
FUNCTION: Motor function for
Sternocleidomastoid & trapezius muscles
DYSFUNCTION: Muscle weakness.

25. Hypoglossal nerve XII(m)

26. Hypoglossal XII(m)
ORIGIN: Medulla
INNERVATION: Muscles of the tongue
FUNCTION: Movement of the tongue
DYSFUNCTION: Difficulty chewing food, On
protrusion, tongue deviates towards the affected
side

27. Conclusion
The importance of these nerves cannot be
overlooked. We need a system of pairs of
nerves to be able to move because we are
bilaterally symmetrical

28. THANK YOU