1. TheTree Of Life Nicolás Aguayo Viviana Rueda Daniela Vidal Laura M. Rocha Modern technologyOwes ecologyAn apology.~Alan M. Eddison

2. Bryophytes Characteristics Lack vascular tissue (thespecializedcellsgroupedtogetherto pipe water and nutrientstovariousparts of thebody). Theirlifecycleischaracterizedbyalternation of generations: sporophyte (diploid) and gametophyte (haploid). They are attachedtothesubstrate ( ground rock orbark) byrhizoids, which are oneor a fewcelled, rootlikethreadsthatserveonlyforanchoring and are notcapable of absorbingwater and nutrientsfromthesubstrate. Satisfytheirnutritionalrequirementsbyabsorbingmineralsfromdust, rainfall, and waterrunningovertheirsurface. Reproductionmost of the time asexual, accuringbyfragmentation of bodyparts and bytheproduction of specializedvegetativeunitscalledgemmae.

3. Uses Liveworts and mosseshavebeenfoundtobegoodindicators of environmentalconditions. Theocurrence of certainaquaticmosses can be use as anindicator of calcium and nutientcontent in water. Somebryophytesgrowonly in narrow and specificPhrange and, therefore, theirpresence can be use as anindicator of soilPh. Interaction Competitionhierarchymayexistamongsomebryophytesbyoftenchanges in environment, which can result in thenicheoverlap and coexistencfe of bryophytes.

4. Pteridophytes Theplantbodyis a sporophyte, with true stem, leaves and roots. Theroot, stem and leaveshave vascular tissuesXylem (waterconductingtissue, lacking true vessels) and phloem (foodconductingtissuethatlackscompanioncells) Reproduces bysporesproducedinsidesporangiabornonleaves. Usuallyonthe ventral surface. Pores are haploiddevelopedafter meiosis in thesporangia of sporophyte Fertilationoccurwiththehelp of water.

5. Uses When green and in full fruition, ferns were also burned to produce an alkali mixture used in the bleaching process. The burning of ferns also allowed from its ashes; potash, used as an essential ingredient in soap making, and soda, used in the making of glass. Interaction They form a symbiotic relationship with the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen, giving the plant access to the essential nutrient.

6. Gymnosperms Characteristics Vascular Plantswithindependentsporophyte. Theplants are thesporophyteswithroots, stems and leaves. Theseplantsbearnakedseeds- notenclosed in thefruits. Allgymnosperms are perennialwoodytreesorbushyshrubs. Some of them are verylarge and liveforthousnads of years, forexample, Sequoia giganta Gymnosperms produce twotypes of spores (heterosporous)- microspores and megaspores. Themicrospres are produced in pollensacs (microsporangia) and megaspores in megasporangiawhich are integumented and calles ovules. Themicrosporangia and ovules are present in microphylls and megasorophyllrespectively. Themicrosorophylls are aggregatedtoformmalecones and megasorophyllsusuallyaggregatetoformfemalecones.

7. Uses Gymnospremshavemajoreconomic uses. Pine, fir, spruce and cedar are allexamples of coniferswhichwe use forlumber. Someothercomon uses are soap, varnish, paint, food and perfumes. Interactions Results to date for one particular ectomycorrhizal fungal species, Rhizopogonoccidentalis, have demonstrated substantial heritability for candidate coevolving traits in both plants and fungi, and evidence for G x G interactions within and among fungal populations, suggesting the potential for coevolution, although latitudinal clines for multiple plant and fungal traits suggest the importance of direct selection from abiotic factors

8. Angyosperms Plants are dipliod (2n) sporophyteswithdistintundergroundrootsystem and aerialshootsystem. At maturitytheplantsbearflowers, which produce fruits and seeds. Thefemalegametophyte in Angiospermiscalledembryosacwhichis producefrom a megasporewithinthenucellus. Theplants produce flowerswhere ovules are coveredbyovary. Theplantshavewelldevelopedconductingtissues, xylem has xylemvessels and thephloem has sievetubes and companioncells. Thexylem and phloem are arranged in theform of vascular bundles. Theflowers are thereproductibestructure.

9. USES 1. Angiosperms are source of food . wheat rice and maize are our stable food . pulses and millet which are our food item belong to angiosperms . 2. Delicious and nutritional fruits such as mango,apple ,pear,peacheas,milon,bananadates,etc come from angiosperms. 3. many useful produts,which serve as medicine, are obtained from them . Interaction. one of thebestexamples of mutualismistheinteractionbetweenangiosperm (floweringplants) and insects, whereintheinsects derive foodfromtheplants and in turnhelpthem reproduce. Yetanotherexampleistherelationshipbetween impala and the Red-billedOxpeckerwhereintheOxpeckercleanstheimpala´sbody of parasites, and getsfood in returnforthisservice.

10. Phylogenetic Tree