If the purpose of The 1776 Declaration of Independence was to "dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another", what was the purpose of post-Civil War "reconstruction"?
How were 18th Century Whigs and Tories connecting colonists with bankers?
Is there a solution? If so, what is that solution?
Learn more about alienable "Rights"; what they were and how they have been conveyed without full disclosure.
Below are the links for this presentation:
The Theory and Practice of Banking (book format) - https://archive.org/stream/theoryandpracti01maclgoog#page/n501/mode/1up
The Theory and Practice of Banking (PDF format) - https://ia600304.us.archive.org/1/items/theoryandpracti01maclgoog/theoryandpracti01maclgoog.pdf
Why the Confederacy Failed - https://archive.org/details/whyconfederacyfa00rose
Lackawanna Jurist - http://books.google.com/books/download/Lackawanna_Jurist.pdf?id=LK04AAAAIAAJ&hl=en&capid=AFLRE72oH90TsgYw4sAUMH00K4-CFU5CoJvz14k9TzhgG_CPI5mbNtIydhbqkIbq1jUvABvc38VZNfV79nuq2XM_6jc-AU-u-w&continue=http://books.google.com/books/download/Lackawanna_Jurist.pdf%3Fid%3DLK04AAAAIAAJ%26output%3Dpdf%26hl%3Den
Overview and Critique of Ira Daniel Turkat's "Psychological Aspects of Undue ...Niki Hannevig
This document discusses psychological aspects of undue influence and provides a lesson for potential jurists. It aims to help jurists recognize tactics used by manipulative caregivers to redirect a vulnerable person's rights and assets for their own benefit. Three types of perpetrators are described - con artists who intentionally exploit victims, psychologically damaged people who seek power over others, and those who get tempted by exploitation over time. Examples of common law crimes like barratry, maintenance and champerty are provided that relate to manipulative behaviors. The document encourages jurists to protect vulnerable people from exploitation based on historical and scriptural precedence.
The Federal Judicary Act of 1789: A Critique of recent Erie Railroad Co. v T...Niki Hannevig
This presentation is a critique of Section 34 of the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789; how the original was worded to apply to common law, how it was altered, and how it has been / is being used to erect a State within the State.
Links:
Slide 8 - http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/1652
Slide 12 - http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/610
Slide 14 - http://www.palrb.us/statutesatlarge/17001799/1782/0/act/1000.pdf
The document provides historical context on the development of common law and equity in England. It explains that different legal systems existed in different areas before the Norman Conquest in 1066. William the Conqueror established a centralized government and began standardizing laws. By 1250, a common law had been produced to rule the entire country. Dissatisfied with rigid common law, petitioners took cases to the King's Chancellor, establishing the Court of Chancery and principles of equity. Over time, equity developed its own precedents and maxims until the Judicature Acts of 1873-75 merged the administration of common law and equity in the court system.
This document discusses maxims of equity, principles applied by courts of equity to decide cases. It explains two key maxims: "Equity will not assist a volunteer", meaning equity will not help someone who voluntarily provides a benefit without request; and "Equity acts in personam", referring to courts of equity having power over individuals through contempt rather than property rights like courts of law. An example is provided of how these maxims apply to preventing an improver from recovering costs from a homeowner for an unrequested improvement.
This document is the preface to a treatise on citizenship in the United States published in 1891. It discusses how citizenship can be acquired through birthright or naturalization. It also examines conflicts that can arise between municipal rules of citizenship and international law. The preface emphasizes the importance of good faith in acquiring and renouncing citizenship to avoid problems between countries. It explores how intent plays a role in determining if naturalized citizens have lost citizenship by returning to their country of birth.
Equity provides fair remedies when strict legal rules would result in an unfair outcome. It supplements but does not override common law. Equity developed in England when common law courts could not address all legal problems. A key figure was the Lord Chancellor who administered equity rulings. Major deficiencies of common law addressed by equity included incomplete remedies and procedures. Maxims of equity provide flexible principles rather than binding rules to guide equitable decisions. Key maxims include equity will provide a remedy when law cannot, equity follows law, and those seeking equity must do equity.
The document summarizes key passages from the Declaration of Independence in simpler terms. It explains that the Declaration asserts the rights of a people to separate from their government and assert independence when that government undermines their God-given rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It also establishes that people have the right to abolish and replace a tyrannical government that consistently violates their rights with the intent of imposing absolute despotism.
Overview and Critique of Ira Daniel Turkat's "Psychological Aspects of Undue ...Niki Hannevig
This document discusses psychological aspects of undue influence and provides a lesson for potential jurists. It aims to help jurists recognize tactics used by manipulative caregivers to redirect a vulnerable person's rights and assets for their own benefit. Three types of perpetrators are described - con artists who intentionally exploit victims, psychologically damaged people who seek power over others, and those who get tempted by exploitation over time. Examples of common law crimes like barratry, maintenance and champerty are provided that relate to manipulative behaviors. The document encourages jurists to protect vulnerable people from exploitation based on historical and scriptural precedence.
The Federal Judicary Act of 1789: A Critique of recent Erie Railroad Co. v T...Niki Hannevig
This presentation is a critique of Section 34 of the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789; how the original was worded to apply to common law, how it was altered, and how it has been / is being used to erect a State within the State.
Links:
Slide 8 - http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/1652
Slide 12 - http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/610
Slide 14 - http://www.palrb.us/statutesatlarge/17001799/1782/0/act/1000.pdf
The document provides historical context on the development of common law and equity in England. It explains that different legal systems existed in different areas before the Norman Conquest in 1066. William the Conqueror established a centralized government and began standardizing laws. By 1250, a common law had been produced to rule the entire country. Dissatisfied with rigid common law, petitioners took cases to the King's Chancellor, establishing the Court of Chancery and principles of equity. Over time, equity developed its own precedents and maxims until the Judicature Acts of 1873-75 merged the administration of common law and equity in the court system.
This document discusses maxims of equity, principles applied by courts of equity to decide cases. It explains two key maxims: "Equity will not assist a volunteer", meaning equity will not help someone who voluntarily provides a benefit without request; and "Equity acts in personam", referring to courts of equity having power over individuals through contempt rather than property rights like courts of law. An example is provided of how these maxims apply to preventing an improver from recovering costs from a homeowner for an unrequested improvement.
This document is the preface to a treatise on citizenship in the United States published in 1891. It discusses how citizenship can be acquired through birthright or naturalization. It also examines conflicts that can arise between municipal rules of citizenship and international law. The preface emphasizes the importance of good faith in acquiring and renouncing citizenship to avoid problems between countries. It explores how intent plays a role in determining if naturalized citizens have lost citizenship by returning to their country of birth.
Equity provides fair remedies when strict legal rules would result in an unfair outcome. It supplements but does not override common law. Equity developed in England when common law courts could not address all legal problems. A key figure was the Lord Chancellor who administered equity rulings. Major deficiencies of common law addressed by equity included incomplete remedies and procedures. Maxims of equity provide flexible principles rather than binding rules to guide equitable decisions. Key maxims include equity will provide a remedy when law cannot, equity follows law, and those seeking equity must do equity.
The document summarizes key passages from the Declaration of Independence in simpler terms. It explains that the Declaration asserts the rights of a people to separate from their government and assert independence when that government undermines their God-given rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It also establishes that people have the right to abolish and replace a tyrannical government that consistently violates their rights with the intent of imposing absolute despotism.
The Declaration of Independence, elaborating upon the following topics relevant and related topics:
-Purpose
-Committee that drafted the document
-Structure of the document
-Jefferson's influences
-Themes of the document
-Free State Theory
-Misconceptions
The document discusses the Calvo Doctrine regarding the level of protection foreign investors should receive in a host state. It presents the views of the Mexican government, which argued that foreigners should receive equal treatment as nationals ("equality"), versus the U.S. view that foreigners deserve protections consistent with international justice standards. It outlines Carlos Calvo's argument that foreigners accepting the advantages of investing in a country must also accept the risks, and should not expect privileged protection or appeal to their home state, but rather local courts. The doctrine asserts the same rights and legal protections for foreigners as nationals.
This Supreme Court case addressed whether the Fifth Amendment's takings clause, which prohibits the taking of private property for public use without just compensation, applies to state governments or only limits the federal government. The Court held that the Bill of Rights, including the Fifth Amendment, was intended to restrict only the powers of the federal government and not state governments. The Constitution was ordained by the people to establish their own government, not to limit state governments, which each established their own constitutions. Therefore, the takings clause does not apply to legislation and actions taken by state governments.
The document summarizes key events surrounding the ratification of the US Constitution:
1) The Constitution was signed on September 17, 1787 by 39 delegates including Benjamin Franklin and James Madison.
2) For the Constitution to take effect, at least 9 of the 13 states had to ratify it. Only ratifying states would be part of the new nation.
3) Federalists supported the Constitution and a strong national government while Anti-Federalists opposed it and wanted stronger state governments with limited national power.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Magna Carta signed in 1215 in England. It notes that King John, who was a poor ruler, imposed heavy taxes which led barons to force him to sign the Magna Carta to curb his power. The Magna Carta established individual rights and limited the arbitrary power of the king. It influenced the development of constitutional government and trial by jury. Clause 39 protected personal liberty, a right that influenced later legal documents like the Italian Constitution.
The document provides an intensive review guide for students preparing for the South Carolina End of Course (EOC) Examination in U.S. History. It contains summaries and key terms related to various topics in U.S. history, from the colonial period through the Civil War era. The materials are meant to be used freely by teachers and students for educational purposes with credit given to the author.
THE RIGHT TO FORCEFULLY RESIST UNLAWFUL ARRESTICJ-ICC
The document discusses the common law right to resist an unlawful arrest, even using deadly force if necessary. It provides historical examples from 17th century England establishing this right, and discusses two late 19th/early 20th century US Supreme Court cases (Plummer v. State and John Bad Elk vs. U.S.) that affirmed an individual has the right to use any means necessary, including lethal force, to resist an unlawful arrest by a government agent. The document argues this common law right to forcibly resist unlawful arrest still exists in the US today.
James Madison's quote "If men were angels, no government would be necessary" suggests that governments are needed because people are not perfectly virtuous. Governments are formed to establish order and protect people's rights because without oversight, people may act in self-interest at the expense of others. The colonies called a convention because the Articles of Confederation gave too much power to state governments and too little power to the national government, causing economic and diplomatic problems. At the convention, delegates established a new Constitution that created a stronger federal government with separated powers to provide checks and balances.
This document discusses key principles of equity, including that equity is discretionary in nature and focuses on fairness. It examines how equity acts in personam against individuals rather than in rem against property. The document also explores tracing as a tool in equity to recover assets, with limitations when funds are mixed or dissipated. It analyzes defenses like changing position and estoppel by representation. Finally, it summarizes maxims of equity such as "clean hands" and how equity aims to provide remedies where common law fails to prevent injustice.
1) The Chief Justice discusses the importance of judicial independence by comparing the American and French experiences after adopting declarations of rights. While the language was similar, France lacked an independent judiciary and descended into the Reign of Terror without enforcing individual rights.
2) He outlines two significant early challenges to the independence of the US judiciary - the impeachment of Judge John Pickering for political reasons along party lines, and the impeachment of Justice Samuel Chase in an attempt to exert political control over the Supreme Court.
3) The impeachment of Justice Samuel Chase in 1805 for his partisan actions from the bench became a major test of judicial independence, with his trial before the Senate gaining significant public interest.
- Federalist No. 1 introduces the debate over ratifying the proposed US Constitution and urges citizens of New York to make their decision based on the public good rather than personal interests or passions.
- Hamilton acknowledges his belief that adopting the Constitution is in the best interest of the people's liberty, dignity, and happiness.
- He outlines topics to be addressed in future papers, including the benefits of the Union, deficiencies of the Articles of Confederation, necessity of an energetic government, conformity of the Constitution to republican principles, and answers to objections against ratifying the Constitution.
The document defines key political and historical terms including the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, American Declaration of Independence, French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, US Bill of Rights, democracy, revolution, monarchy, rule of law, due process of law, individual liberty, limited government, and consent of the governed. It provides brief descriptions of each term and highlights their importance in establishing principles of constitutional rights and limitations on governmental power.
Reading like a historian federalists vs antifederalistsBlake Harris
1) Melancton Smith argues that the number of representatives should be large so that both rich and poor citizens will choose to run for office, ensuring the government represents ordinary people.
2) Alexander Hamilton counters that experience shows pure democracies fail and become tyrannical. He also argues one can understand the needs of fifty constituents as well as twenty.
3) Both advocate for their positions, with Smith wanting more representatives to give voice to all citizens and Hamilton defending the new Constitution's provisions.
The document summarizes the political theories of Enlightenment thinkers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Montesquieu. It describes Hobbes' belief in strong authoritarian government to control selfish human nature. It outlines Locke's view of natural individual rights and that government's power comes from people. It notes Montesquieu's idea that separation of government powers prevents tyranny.
The document discusses several key concepts in international law:
- The Principle of Reciprocity in relationships which defines a human tendency to want to give back when receiving something.
- Sovereignty refers to the ultimate authority and jurisdiction of a state over its people and territory.
- The key differences between treaties and executive agreements in how the US becomes party to international agreements - treaties require two-thirds Senate approval while executive agreements do not.
- Other concepts discussed include baselines, which establish maritime boundaries, and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which defines rights and responsibilities of nations in using the oceans.
Here is a one paragraph summary of the negative perceptions of socialism from the video clip:
Socialism is often negatively perceived as being too restrictive of individual economic freedom and choice. When the government owns and controls most major industries and services, people feel they have less control over their own economic destiny. They believe socialism limits competition and innovation since all major decisions are made by the state rather than private businesses and individuals. This level of government involvement in the economy is seen by critics as infringing on personal liberty and leading to less economic opportunity and growth over time.
Learning Outcome: After completing this class students will
a) be able to fathom the points of discussion in an undergrad law of contract class
b) learn about the importance of studying case laws for the purpose of learning contract law
The document discusses various maxims of equity, which are general principles that govern how equity operates and illustrate its qualities of being more flexible than common law and taking into account parties' conduct. The maxims provide that equity can intervene with common law if justice requires, acts on parties' consciences by looking at what they ought to do, and makes orders against individuals rather than property. Equity also seeks to avoid wrongs without remedies and requires parties with equitable claims to come to court with clean hands.
While Aristotle did not have a theory of human rights, his political theory can still provide a context for developing such a theory. Aristotle did not use language referring to rights, and instead emphasized notions like virtue, merit, and citizenship. Proponents of finding a notion of rights in Aristotle have to reinterpret his terminology, but it seems he thought in terms of worth and desert rather than rights. Aristotle also rejected some purposes of modern human rights theories, such as using rights to assert equality, limit government power, or justify revolution. However, his philosophy could still achieve purposes like identifying goods a just government should provide for citizens.
Writing Paper - Differentiated Writing Paper With RubricNicole Heredia
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment or request revisions. 5) Request multiple revisions to ensure satisfaction, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work.
The document discusses the case of Kelo v. New London, in which the Supreme Court ruled that a city could use eminent domain to transfer private property to private developers, against the property owners' wishes. It outlines the history and reasoning behind eminent domain and debates around what constitutes a "public use." The document also discusses efforts in some states to pass laws strengthening private property rights in response to the Kelo decision.
The Declaration of Independence, elaborating upon the following topics relevant and related topics:
-Purpose
-Committee that drafted the document
-Structure of the document
-Jefferson's influences
-Themes of the document
-Free State Theory
-Misconceptions
The document discusses the Calvo Doctrine regarding the level of protection foreign investors should receive in a host state. It presents the views of the Mexican government, which argued that foreigners should receive equal treatment as nationals ("equality"), versus the U.S. view that foreigners deserve protections consistent with international justice standards. It outlines Carlos Calvo's argument that foreigners accepting the advantages of investing in a country must also accept the risks, and should not expect privileged protection or appeal to their home state, but rather local courts. The doctrine asserts the same rights and legal protections for foreigners as nationals.
This Supreme Court case addressed whether the Fifth Amendment's takings clause, which prohibits the taking of private property for public use without just compensation, applies to state governments or only limits the federal government. The Court held that the Bill of Rights, including the Fifth Amendment, was intended to restrict only the powers of the federal government and not state governments. The Constitution was ordained by the people to establish their own government, not to limit state governments, which each established their own constitutions. Therefore, the takings clause does not apply to legislation and actions taken by state governments.
The document summarizes key events surrounding the ratification of the US Constitution:
1) The Constitution was signed on September 17, 1787 by 39 delegates including Benjamin Franklin and James Madison.
2) For the Constitution to take effect, at least 9 of the 13 states had to ratify it. Only ratifying states would be part of the new nation.
3) Federalists supported the Constitution and a strong national government while Anti-Federalists opposed it and wanted stronger state governments with limited national power.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Magna Carta signed in 1215 in England. It notes that King John, who was a poor ruler, imposed heavy taxes which led barons to force him to sign the Magna Carta to curb his power. The Magna Carta established individual rights and limited the arbitrary power of the king. It influenced the development of constitutional government and trial by jury. Clause 39 protected personal liberty, a right that influenced later legal documents like the Italian Constitution.
The document provides an intensive review guide for students preparing for the South Carolina End of Course (EOC) Examination in U.S. History. It contains summaries and key terms related to various topics in U.S. history, from the colonial period through the Civil War era. The materials are meant to be used freely by teachers and students for educational purposes with credit given to the author.
THE RIGHT TO FORCEFULLY RESIST UNLAWFUL ARRESTICJ-ICC
The document discusses the common law right to resist an unlawful arrest, even using deadly force if necessary. It provides historical examples from 17th century England establishing this right, and discusses two late 19th/early 20th century US Supreme Court cases (Plummer v. State and John Bad Elk vs. U.S.) that affirmed an individual has the right to use any means necessary, including lethal force, to resist an unlawful arrest by a government agent. The document argues this common law right to forcibly resist unlawful arrest still exists in the US today.
James Madison's quote "If men were angels, no government would be necessary" suggests that governments are needed because people are not perfectly virtuous. Governments are formed to establish order and protect people's rights because without oversight, people may act in self-interest at the expense of others. The colonies called a convention because the Articles of Confederation gave too much power to state governments and too little power to the national government, causing economic and diplomatic problems. At the convention, delegates established a new Constitution that created a stronger federal government with separated powers to provide checks and balances.
This document discusses key principles of equity, including that equity is discretionary in nature and focuses on fairness. It examines how equity acts in personam against individuals rather than in rem against property. The document also explores tracing as a tool in equity to recover assets, with limitations when funds are mixed or dissipated. It analyzes defenses like changing position and estoppel by representation. Finally, it summarizes maxims of equity such as "clean hands" and how equity aims to provide remedies where common law fails to prevent injustice.
1) The Chief Justice discusses the importance of judicial independence by comparing the American and French experiences after adopting declarations of rights. While the language was similar, France lacked an independent judiciary and descended into the Reign of Terror without enforcing individual rights.
2) He outlines two significant early challenges to the independence of the US judiciary - the impeachment of Judge John Pickering for political reasons along party lines, and the impeachment of Justice Samuel Chase in an attempt to exert political control over the Supreme Court.
3) The impeachment of Justice Samuel Chase in 1805 for his partisan actions from the bench became a major test of judicial independence, with his trial before the Senate gaining significant public interest.
- Federalist No. 1 introduces the debate over ratifying the proposed US Constitution and urges citizens of New York to make their decision based on the public good rather than personal interests or passions.
- Hamilton acknowledges his belief that adopting the Constitution is in the best interest of the people's liberty, dignity, and happiness.
- He outlines topics to be addressed in future papers, including the benefits of the Union, deficiencies of the Articles of Confederation, necessity of an energetic government, conformity of the Constitution to republican principles, and answers to objections against ratifying the Constitution.
The document defines key political and historical terms including the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, American Declaration of Independence, French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, US Bill of Rights, democracy, revolution, monarchy, rule of law, due process of law, individual liberty, limited government, and consent of the governed. It provides brief descriptions of each term and highlights their importance in establishing principles of constitutional rights and limitations on governmental power.
Reading like a historian federalists vs antifederalistsBlake Harris
1) Melancton Smith argues that the number of representatives should be large so that both rich and poor citizens will choose to run for office, ensuring the government represents ordinary people.
2) Alexander Hamilton counters that experience shows pure democracies fail and become tyrannical. He also argues one can understand the needs of fifty constituents as well as twenty.
3) Both advocate for their positions, with Smith wanting more representatives to give voice to all citizens and Hamilton defending the new Constitution's provisions.
The document summarizes the political theories of Enlightenment thinkers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Montesquieu. It describes Hobbes' belief in strong authoritarian government to control selfish human nature. It outlines Locke's view of natural individual rights and that government's power comes from people. It notes Montesquieu's idea that separation of government powers prevents tyranny.
The document discusses several key concepts in international law:
- The Principle of Reciprocity in relationships which defines a human tendency to want to give back when receiving something.
- Sovereignty refers to the ultimate authority and jurisdiction of a state over its people and territory.
- The key differences between treaties and executive agreements in how the US becomes party to international agreements - treaties require two-thirds Senate approval while executive agreements do not.
- Other concepts discussed include baselines, which establish maritime boundaries, and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which defines rights and responsibilities of nations in using the oceans.
Here is a one paragraph summary of the negative perceptions of socialism from the video clip:
Socialism is often negatively perceived as being too restrictive of individual economic freedom and choice. When the government owns and controls most major industries and services, people feel they have less control over their own economic destiny. They believe socialism limits competition and innovation since all major decisions are made by the state rather than private businesses and individuals. This level of government involvement in the economy is seen by critics as infringing on personal liberty and leading to less economic opportunity and growth over time.
Learning Outcome: After completing this class students will
a) be able to fathom the points of discussion in an undergrad law of contract class
b) learn about the importance of studying case laws for the purpose of learning contract law
The document discusses various maxims of equity, which are general principles that govern how equity operates and illustrate its qualities of being more flexible than common law and taking into account parties' conduct. The maxims provide that equity can intervene with common law if justice requires, acts on parties' consciences by looking at what they ought to do, and makes orders against individuals rather than property. Equity also seeks to avoid wrongs without remedies and requires parties with equitable claims to come to court with clean hands.
While Aristotle did not have a theory of human rights, his political theory can still provide a context for developing such a theory. Aristotle did not use language referring to rights, and instead emphasized notions like virtue, merit, and citizenship. Proponents of finding a notion of rights in Aristotle have to reinterpret his terminology, but it seems he thought in terms of worth and desert rather than rights. Aristotle also rejected some purposes of modern human rights theories, such as using rights to assert equality, limit government power, or justify revolution. However, his philosophy could still achieve purposes like identifying goods a just government should provide for citizens.
Writing Paper - Differentiated Writing Paper With RubricNicole Heredia
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment or request revisions. 5) Request multiple revisions to ensure satisfaction, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work.
The document discusses the case of Kelo v. New London, in which the Supreme Court ruled that a city could use eminent domain to transfer private property to private developers, against the property owners' wishes. It outlines the history and reasoning behind eminent domain and debates around what constitutes a "public use." The document also discusses efforts in some states to pass laws strengthening private property rights in response to the Kelo decision.
Affidavit of Jeanette Audrey (Triplett) - A Must ReadChuck Thompson
A must read Affidavit from Jeannette Audrey exposing government issues you may not be aware of. http://www.gloucestercounty-va.com Visit us for real solutions.
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THE OBLIGATION TO PAY A SUM OF MONEY AS A REAL RIGHT: AN EXPOSITION OF THE PA...André Strauss
Dissertation submitted for partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Baccalaureus Legum at the University of the Free State by André Strauss
Konzervatívny inštitút M. R. Štefánika organizoval ďalšiu z cyklu prednášok CEQLS. Naším hosťom bol Daniel Klein, profesor ekonómie na George Mason University (USA), ktorý pri príležitosti 300-tého výročia narodenia Adama Smitha prednášal o jeho odkaze pre súčasnosť.
Catherine the Great justifies absolute monarchy in Russia by citing the vast size of the empire and the need for quick decision making over such a large territory. She argues this form of government is necessary for security and prosperity. However, she also believes in providing some rights and freedoms to citizens. These include equality under the law, protections from unlawful punishment, and trial by a jury of peers. Catherine aims to establish order while also alleviating the conditions of subjects to the greatest extent possible. She acknowledges reforms are needed to the system of taxation and to prevent abuse of power over serfs.
This document analyzes how a country has been embezzled through centuries of financial schemes by international banks. It summarizes evidence from documents dating back to 1199 showing the banks' intent to dominate the world financially and politically. Key events discussed include the Bank of England charter of 1694, the US Bankruptcy of 1933, and the UN charter of 1946, though the document notes there is much more evidence than can be fully presented. It aims to expose how definitions have been manipulated through legal terms related to debt and bankruptcy to establish control over nations and keep people indebted under the banks' power.
Ap Argument Essay Template. Online assignment writing service.Tiny Keenan
The document discusses a theory for how the wizarding gene is passed down in families in the Harry Potter universe. It proposes that the gene is recessive, meaning a person must inherit two copies of the gene, one from each parent, to be a wizard. It compares this to real-life examples of recessive traits like eye color. The document also suggests the gene could be sex-linked and passed down through the X chromosome, similar to traits like color blindness. Overall, the document presents a genetic explanation for how wizarding abilities could be inherited in a biologically accurate way.
Kristoffer Kjornes Living Man Affidavit of Truth Assertory Oath, Superior Par...KrisKjornes
This is an 83 page Notarized Affidavit of Revocation of U.S. Citizenship and Revocation of U.S. Citizenship and Repatriation as an American State National of Texas. This was drafted in the State of Texas and Denied publication by Tarrant County Clerks recording office in violation of state statutes; 1. Title 6 Records subtitle C, Chapter 201, Sec. 201.002 (2) and (3), as well as section 201.005 (b). | 2. Title 6, subtitle B, Chapter 193, Sec 193.001 (a). | 3. Title 6, subtitle B Chapter 191 etc.
Similar to The Theory and Practice of Banking: A power point presentation (11)
MOBILIZE HEALTHY COMMUNITIES by ANALYZING PERFORMANCE PROBLEMSNiki Hannevig
ANALYZE local PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS and use a SYSTEMIC, First Amendment template to REDRESS the GRIEVANCES IDENTIFIED. The template for this REDRESS is located at https://www.slideshare.net/nikihannevig/first-amendment-assembly-redress/
Articles of Confederation - article x - xiiiNiki Hannevig
When reading any TRANSCRIPTION of a founding, handwritten, document pertaining to "The United States of America", be sure to check that document against a Certified Copy of the handwritten for its accuracy as to its intended lettering, and how the lettering of those words were defined at the time of, and after, they were penned. As an example, in accordance with the Johnson's 1785 Dictionary definition (https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofengl02johnuoft#page/n734/mode/1up), notice that In the Articles of Confederation the capitalized word "States" or "State" is to be interpreted as "Nobility". If STATE, or STATES is in all caps, clearly, it's now considered a corporation.
A Certified Copy of the handwritten Articles of Confederation may be viewed at https://www.slideshare.net/nikihannevig/8-certifiedcopyofarticlesofconfederation.
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION - A CERTIFIED COPYNiki Hannevig
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Pre 1913 slovak american study guide for citizenshipNiki Hannevig
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Schied - Courtwatch Follow-up; Final Prima Facea Filing - District Court of t...Niki Hannevig
This document is a complaint filed in federal district court by David Schied against multiple defendants including Judge Karen Khalil, court reporter Cathleen Dunn, police officers Jonathan Strong, Joseph Bommarito, David Holt, James Turner, and "Police Officer" Butler. Schied alleges he was unlawfully subjected to terror, assault, seizure, kidnapping and false imprisonment while quietly observing court proceedings. He claims defendants violated his constitutional rights and caused damages. Schied is seeking damages and declaratory and injunctive relief from the court.
IN THE COMMON LAW COURT OF PUBLIC OPINION - Delaware Case CN06-01004Niki Hannevig
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The Theory and Practice of Banking: A power point presentation
1. PURPOSE
“The thoughts of the
righteous are right-ruling,
The counsels of the wrong
are deceit.”
Proverbs 12:5 - ISR
2. What was being
reconstructed during the
period of
“Reconstruction”?
From Webster’s Dictionary, 1913 edition:
Re`con*struc"tion (-str?k"sh?n), n.
1. The act of constructing again; the state of being
reconstructed.
2. (U.S. Politics) The act or process of reorganizing the
governments of the States which had passed ordinances of
secession, and of reëstablishing their constitutional relations
to the national government, after the close of the Civil War.
3. Limits of Credit
PDF Page 314
“The true Limits of Credit may be seen by
the etymology of the word. Because all
Credit is a promise to pay or do
something in future: and that something,
whatever it may be, is the Value of the
promise. That “something” need not
necessarily be money. It may be
anything else. It may be a promise to do
something.”
5. PDF Page 30 Every sort and description
of Corporeal and
Incorporeal Property -
INCLUDING; Life, Liberty
and the pursuit of
Happiness - are
"Exchangeable Quantities:
. . . the Principles and
Mechanism of Commerce
in all its forms“.
Life,
Liberty
and the
pursuit of
Happiness
6. PDF Page 31 "measured",
"bought and
sold",
"exchanged
separately and
independently
of anything
else",
"measured in
Money".
A
“Quantity”
or
“Wealth”
can be;
7. PDF Page 32
" . . . (T)o discern what is
and what is not separate
and independent
Exchangeable Property:
requires a thorough
knowledge of some of the
most abstruse branches of
Law and Commerce."
8. PDF Page 33 "Wealth . . . depends
entirely upon Human
Wants and Desires:
that everything is
Wealth where it is
Wanted and
Demanded: and that it
is not Wealth where it
is not Wanted and
Demanded."
9. Questions:
Is “coveting” always
a “sin”?
1 Corinthians 12:31
“But covet earnestly
the best gifts; and yet
show I unto you a
more excellent way.”
In a republic with a
democratic process; to
whom has “wealth”
been endowed?
How does media stir
the demands of the
people?
Whose responsibility
is it to assure they get
what they pay for?
10. PDF Page 34
" . . . Labour in
Economics is any
exertion of Human
Ability or Thought
which is wanted,
demanded, and
paid for. . . . "
11. PDF Page 34
Socrates "exactly agrees"
with Aristotle who is said to
have defined "everything"
as "Wealth whose Value can
be measured in money, . . .
as exactly as if it were a
material chattel."
And, because "Wealth . . . is a general term
for Labour"; " . . . any exertion of Human
Ability or Thought which is wanted,
demanded, and paid for. . . . " is Labour.
12. PDF Page 36 and A QuestionIn this paragraph MacLeod
seems to equate rent with
wages and Personal Capital
with Education.
“ . . . The bulk of the
national revenue is
profit: and of that
profit the portion
which is merely
interest on Material
Capital probably does
not amount to one-
third. The rest is the
result of Personal
Capital, or, in other
words, of Education.”
If the author correctly
equates "Education" with
"Personal Capital", a
quantity of Wealth; Who
hold marketable title to a
student’s “intellectual
property” when his
education is funded with
the Federal Reserve
Bank's debt-based, fiat-
monetary system's
“notes”?
15. PDF Page 43
9. We have thus seen that
all ancient jurists include
abstract Rights of all sorts,
and among them Rights of
action, under the terms
Wealth, Goods, Chattels,
Property, and Merchandise.
But the subject is of such
great importance, and is so
little understood by lay
writers, that it will be of
use to say something more
about it.
16. PDF Page 44
It is exactly the same in every system of
Jurisprudence. In English Law, . . . A "Right of
action for a sum of money, termed a Debt or
Chose-in-action, is included under the terms
"Goods," "Chattels," "Effects." It is an article of
Merchandise or a Saleable Commodity. . . .
“All Obligations, Bills, Statutes, Recognizances,
Judgments, shall be as a Chattel in the executor. .
. . All Right of action to any personal action is a
Chattel."
English Law (Con’t)
17. PDF Page 44
"So Blackstone says -
'For it is to be
understood ... (...
Goods and Chattels) is
a term used to express
any property which,
having regard either to
subject matter or
quantity of interest
therein, is not freehold.'
Blackstone
on
Goods and
Chattels
18. Continued . . . A Question FREE''HOLD, a. That land or
tenement which is held in fee-
simple, fee-tail, or for term of life.
It is of two kinds; in deed, and in law.
The first is the real possession of such
land or tenement; the last is the right a
man has to such land or tenement,
before his entry or seizure.
Freehold is also extended to such
offices as a man holds in fee or for
life. It is also taken in opposition to
villenage.
In the United States, a freehold is
an estate which a man holds in his
own right, subject to no superior
nor to conditions.
Prior to 1913, what
was the definition of
“freehold”?
From Webster's
Dictionary, 1828
edition:
19. PDF Page 47 Commerce or Economics
consists of Six distinct
kinds of Exchange . . .
1. Material for Material
2. Material for Labour
3. Material for Right
4. Labour for Labour
5. Labour for Right
6. Right for Right
Exchange
"For anything
to be
Exchangeable it
is necessary
that some one
else should
want and
Demand it."
20. PDF Page 48 "And of the general science of
Economics the business of
Banking consists in the two
species of Exchange:
1. Money for Rights of action,
or Credit, or Debts
2. Right of action for another
Right of action: or one kind
of Credit or Debt for another
kind of Credit or Debt"
21. PDF Page 50
"PROPERTY" . . .
MEANS RIGHT, TITLE,
INTEREST, or
OWNERSHIP: . . . TO
CALL MATERIAL THINGS
LIKE LANDS, HOUSES,
MONEY, CATTLE, ETC.,
PROPERTY, IS AS GREAT
AN ABSURDITY AS TO
CALL THEM RIGHT,
TITLE, INTEREST, OR
OWNERSHIP!
What every
jurist needs
to know.
“The word
Property in
English
means a
Right and not
a Thing.”
22. Definitions
From Webster's Dictionary, 1828
edition:
ABSURD''ITY, n.
1. The quality of being
inconsistent with obvious truth,
reason, or sound judgment.
Want of judgment, applied to
men; want of propriety, applied
to things.
2. That which is absurd; in this
sense it has a plural; the absurdities
of men.
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
A Dictionary of the English
Language - A Digital Edition of the
1755 Classic by Samuel Johnson -
Property.
23. PDF Page 231
"As the feudatary could not alien the
feud without the consent of the Lord, so
neither could the Lord alien or transfer
his seignory or superiority to another
without the consent of the feudatary.
For the obligations of the superior and
inferior were mutual and reciprocal . . .
as the Lord could not alien, so neither
could he exchange, mortgage, or
otherwise dispose of his seignory without
the consent of his Vassal. Again, as the
vassal or feudatary could not alien, so
neither could he devise or dispose of the
feud by will, or by any means (when
feuds were become hereditary) prevent
or vary the feudal course of succession."
31. “ ... Rights
held in Contract,
or Obligation are
of two kinds ...
(a) … Unilateral
Contract ...
(and)
(b) ... Bilateral or
Synallagmatic
Contract..”
24. Alienable
From the 1913 edition: Alienable . . . Capable of
being alienated, sold, or transferred to another;
as, land is alienable according to the laws of the
state.
From the 1828 edition: A''LIENABLE, a. That
may be sold, or transferred to another; as, land
is alienable according to the laws of the State.
From A Dictionary of the English Language 1755 by Samuel Johnson:
A'LIENABLE, adj. [from To alienate.] That of which the property may
be transferred.
Land is alienable, and treasure is transitory, and both must, at
one time or other, pass from him, either by his onwn
voluntary act, or by the violence and injustice of others, or at
least by fate. (Dennis's Letters).
Webster's
Revised
Unabridged
Dictionary
(1913 + 1828)
25. PDF Page 232
Questions
"So in the case of Master and Servant
. . . a master cannot transfer his
household to any one else without
their own consent, as if they were
cattle or slaves. . . . "
13th Amendment:
1. Neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as a
punishment for crime whereof the
party shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist within the
United States, or any place
subject to their jurisdiction.
2. Congress (Democrats and
Republicans) shall have power to
enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
Feudal Law
What is a
"Franchise"?
What does it
mean to be
“enfranchised”
and
"disenfranchised"?
26. PDF Page 237
Question
Given the aforementioned facts; What do you
suppose is/was the intent of the 14th
Amendment, Sections 4 and 5 under
“reconstruction”?
14th Amendment, Section 4.
The validity of the public debt of the United
States, authorized by law, including debts
incurred for payment of pensions and
bounties for services in suppressing
insurrection or rebellion, shall not be
questioned. But neither the United States
nor any State shall assume or pay any debt
or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection
or rebellion against the United States, or
any claim for the loss or emancipation of
any slave; but all such debts, obligations
and claims shall be held illegal and void.
5. The Congress (Democrats and Republicans)
shall have power to enforce, by appropriate
legislation, the provisions of this article.
Common Law of
England
" . . . (T)he source and
original of the Common
Law of England. . . . with
regard to the Sale of
Debts . . .
. . . Gaius, . . . published
a constitution in the year
224 A.D., by which the
absolute freedom of the
Sale of Debts without
the knowledge or
consent of the Debtor
was recognised and
allowed."
27. PDF Page 239
Webster's 1913 - Maintenance: 3. (Crim. Law)
An officious or unlawful intermeddling in a cause
depending between others, by assisting either
party with money or means to carry it on. See . .
. Champerty.
Champerty: 2. (Law) The prosecution or
defense of a suit, whether by furnishing
money or personal services, by one who has
no legitimate concern therein, in
consideration of an agreement that he shall
receive, in the event of success, a share of
the matter in suit; maintenance with the
addition of an agreement to divide the thing
in suit. See . . . Maintenance. . . . By many
authorities champerty is defined as an
agreement of this nature. From early times
the offence of champerty has been forbidden
and punishable.
Buying lawsuits
"It is customary . . . to
make the most of a
suit which they
commence with a
foreigner or . . . any
person who is not used
to law transactions: as
soon as they have any
advantage in the
process, they find
means to sell it to
certain persons, who
make a trade of buying
lawsuits."
28. PDF Page 245
Questions
In the U.S. has a Military Feud
been “created” by
appropriately legislating an
"all volunteer" (mercenary
force) under the Social
Security Number?
To whom has been given the
authority to grant this "force"
to Assigns?
“For many centuries after the
Conquest, England was
essentially a feudal and
military nation. Its Law also
was almost entirely feudal,
and related to the tenure of
land. . . . “
Military Feud
"A . . . Military Feud was, . . .
inalienable . . . But gradually .
. . relaxed, and Feuds were
created alienable and
saleable. . . .
Thus, . . . wherever the
Grantor created or
constituted the Feud
alienable, by granting it to
the Grantee and his Assigns,
it was assignable, and the
Assignee might sue the
Grantor in his own name.”
29. PDF Page 245 “The original contract
between Lord and Vassal was
Bilateral : because it involved
Rights and Duties on both
sides : and, consequently,
the Lord could not alienate
his seignory without the
consent of his Vassal : he
could not turn over, or
Attorn, as it was termed, the
homage or service of his
Vassal to another person
against his will : and if the
tenant refused to attorn, the
grant was void. . . . “
Feudal contract and
Attournment
ATTO'URNMENT - An
yielding of the tenant
to a new lord, or
acknowledgment of
him to be his lord; for,
otherwise, he that
buyeth or obtaineth
any lands or tenements
of another, which are
in the occupation of a
third, cannot get
possession.
30. PDF Page 246
Questions
When we "register" to vote are we voluntarily
transferring our "seigniory"?
If so, to whom are we transferring our
seigniory?
From Webster's 1913 edition: Seigniory . . .
1. The power or authority of a lord;
dominion.
. . .
2. The territory over which a lord holds
jurisdiction; a manor. [Written also
seigneury, and seignory.]
From Webster's 1828 edition: SEIGNIORY, n.
1. A lordship; a manor.
2. The power or authority of a lord;
dominion.
O''Neal never had any seignory over that
country, but what he got by
encroachment upon the English.
Seigniory
'If a vassal agreed
to the transfer of
seigniory, he was
said to Attorn to
the new seignor.
By this public
declaration he
recognised the
right of the new
seignior to his
homage or
service.'
31. PDF Page 246
Questions
Have Democrat and Republican
leaders been implementing the
rhetoric and policies outlined in
Henry George's 1879 book,
Progress and Poverty?
Has the Federal Reserve Bank,
"enforced by appropriate
legislation", implemented
George's policies through a
system of capitalizing land and
labor in the distribution of rent,
wages and interest?
(See previous PDF Pages 34, 47-48
and PDF Pages 47 and 83 of Anna
Bowman Dodd's 1887 book The
Republic of the Future, Or, Socialism a
Reality)
Progress and Poverty - Henry
GEORGE (1839 - 1897)
What I (Henry George) have
done in this book, if I have
correctly solved the great
problem I have sought to
investigate, is, to unite the
truth perceived by the school
of Smith and Ricardo to the
truth perceived by the schools
of Proudhon and Lasalle; to
show that laissez faire (in its
full true meaning) opens the
way to a realization of the
noble dreams of socialism; to
identify social law with
moral law, and to disprove
ideas which in the minds of
many cloud grand and
elevating perceptions.
(Summary by Henry George)
32. Why the
Confederacy
Failed
“PAPER MONEY”
By
Duncan Rose
Re-Published by Courtest of the
Century Magazine
The Cape Fear Press
Fayetteville, N.C.
Nov. 1896
Go to British History Online to
learn about emigration
(immigration) and the 18th
Century paper money schemes.
Revelation 17:18 “And the woman whom
you saw is that great city having
sovereignty over the sovereigns of the
earth.”
33. PDF Page 247
Rules of the Common Law of England relating
to the Transfer of Choses-in-action.
34. PDF Page 504
Question
For what purpose was the 1776
Declaration of Independence drafted
and submitted?
From whom was "separation" declared?
When in the Course of human events, it
becomes necessary for one people to
dissolve the political bands (Whigs and
Tories) which have connected them
with another (bankers and other
“Lords”), and to assume among the
powers of the earth, the separate and
equal station to which the Laws of
Nature and of Nature's God entitle them,
a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should
declare the causes which impel them to
the separation.
Considering paragraph
43 ("The Bank of
England was a Whig
project . . . ") how do
you think political
parties are used by
bankers to support
their feudalistic
schemes?
To whom do we
transfer our seigniory
when we apply to
become politically
enfranchised?
35. Questions Considering the historical
information provided; in 1776,
on a scale of one to 10 (ten
being very confident), how
confident are you that the
"Lord", i.e., the "Creator"
mentioned in the second
paragraph of the Declaration of
Independence is the same as
the “God” mentioned in the
first?
What is the 1st commandment?
What
contributes to a
Bank's
downfall?
Paragraph 140:
"Unjustifiable
monopoly" and
"monopolising
selfishness".
36. PDF Page 414
The Lackawanna
Jurist
“There is an evident
confusion of two claims, the
nature and character of
which are very different.
One is of common law origin
sounding in contract; the
other is purely statuary and
quite independent of
contract. In one the issue is
the amount of profits actually
realized by an agent outside
of his own personal use and
enjoyment of the property; in
the other it is the rental
value regardless of any
actual income or rents
received.”