A section of my global Dev course focusing on aid to Africa-- is it working? why or why not?

6. 

14. “It is hard to understand how a compassionate world order can include so many people afflicted by acute misery, persistent
hunger and deprived and desperate lives, and why millions of innocent children have to die each year from lack of food or
medical attention or social care.
This issue, of course, is not new, and it has been a subject of some discussion among theologians. The argument that God has
reasons to want us to deal with these matters ourselves has had considerable intellectual support. As a nonreligious person, I
am not in a position to assess the theological merits of this argument. But I can appreciate the force of the claim that people
themselves must have responsibility for the development and change of the world in which they live. One does not have to
be either devout or non devout to accept this basic connection. As people who live-in a broad sense-together, we cannot
escape the thought that the terrible occurrences that we see around us are quintessentially our problems. They are our
responsibility-whether or not they are also anyone else's.
As competent human beings, we cannot shirk the task of judging how things are and what needs to be done. As reflective
creatures, we have the ability to contemplate the lives of others. Our sense of behavior may have caused (though that can be
very important as well), but can also relate more generally to the miseries that we see around us and that lie within our power
to help remedy. That responsibility is not, of course, the only consideration that can claim our attention, but to deny the
relevance of that general claim would be to miss something central about our social existence. It is not so much a matter of
having the exact rules about how precisely we ought to behave, as of recognizing the relevance of our shared humanity in
making the choices we face.”
― Amartya Sen, Development asFreedom

15. “Our Lord’s things they are, from whencesoever we may obtain them. And if we distribute to the
needy we shall obtain for ourselves great abundance. And for this it is that God has permitted you
to possess much,—not that you should spend it in fornication, in drunkenness, in gluttony, in rich
clothing, or any other mode of luxury, but that you should distribute it to the needy. And just as if a
receiver of taxes, having in charge the king’s property, should not distribute it to those for whom it
is ordered, but should spend it for his own enjoyment, he would pay the penalty and come to ruin;
thus also the rich man is, as it were, a receiver of goods which are destined to be dispensed to the
poor—to those of his fellow-servants who are in want. If he then should spend upon himself more
than he really needs, he will pay hereafter a heavy penalty. For the things he has are not his own,
but are the things of his fellow-servants. ”
― John Chrysostom,OnWealthandPoverty

18. +$19 Billion USD in aid annually
+$32Billion USD in loans
-$18 Billion in debt service
-$29 Billion USD in illegal logging, fishing and trade in wildlife and plants
-$68 Billion in capital flight (uncollected taxes on underpriced exports of gold,
diamonds, coltan, etc)

19. “The notion that aid can alleviate systemic poverty, and has done so, is a myth.
Millions in Africa are poorer today because of aid; misery and poverty have not
ended but have increased. Aid has been, and continues to be, an unmitigated
political, economic, and humanitarian disaster for most parts of the developing
world.”
― DambisaMoyo, DeadAid:WhyAidIsNotWorkingandHow ThereIsaBetterWayforAfrica

21. “Without an integrated formal property system, a modern market economy is
inconceivable. Had the advanced nations of the West not integrated all representations
into one standardized property system and made it accessible to all, they could not have
specialized and divided labor to create the expanded market network and capital that have
produced their present wealth. The inefficiencies of non-Western markets have a lot to do
with the fragmentation of their property arrangements and the unavailability of standard
representations…
Formal property’s contribution to mankind is not the protection of ownership; squatters,
housing organizations, mafias, and even primitive tribes manage to protect their assets
quite efficiently.
Property’s real breakthrough is that it radically improved the flow of
communications about assets and their potential.”
― Hernando deSoto, The Mysteryof Capital: WhyCapitalism Triumphs intheWestandFails Everywhere Else

22. “If there are costs to becoming legal, there are also bound to be costs to remaining outside the law.
We found that operating outside the world of legal work and business was surprisingly expensive. In
Peru, for example, the cost of operating a business extralegally includes paying 10 to 15 per cent of
its annual income in bribes and commissions to authorities. Add to such payoffs the costs of
avoiding penalties, making transfers outside legal channels and operating from dispersed locations
and without credit, and the life of the extralegal entrepreneur turns out to be far more costly and
full of daily hassles than that of the legal businessman. Perhaps the most significant cost was caused
by the absence of institutions that create incentives for people to seize economic and social
opportunities to specialize within the market place. We found that people who could not operate
within the law also could not hold property efficiently or enforce contracts through the courts; nor
could they reduce uncertainty through limited liability systems and insurance policies, or create
stock companies to attract additional capital and share risk. Being unable to raise money for
investment, they could not achieve economies of scale or protect their innovations through
royalties and patents.”
― HernandodeSoto,TheMysteryOfCapital

23. “In Peru, for instance, people formed agricultural cooperatives to buy estates from
their old owners and to convert them into housing and industrial settlements.
Because there are no easy legal ways to change land tenure, farmers in state-
owned cooperatives illegally subdivided the land into smaller, privately held
parcels. As a result, few if any have valid title to their ground.”
― HernandodeSoto,TheMysteryOfCapital

24. “In Peru, for instance, people formed agricultural cooperatives to buy estates from
their old owners and to convert them into housing and industrial settlements.
Because there are no easy legal ways to change land tenure, farmers in state-
owned cooperatives illegally subdivided the land into smaller, privately held
parcels. As a result, few if any have valid title to their ground.”
― HernandodeSoto,TheMysteryOfCapital

25. ruler of Muscat, Oman, and Zanzibar
consolidated power over the whole coastline of
‘Zanzibar’, which included Kenya, Uganda and
Tanzania.
Americans were the first Westerners to conclude a trade
agreementwith Saʿ
īd (1833) and the first also to
establish a consul at Zanzibar (1837) to capture the
cotton cloth trade to Africa
In 1840, due to flourishing trade, capital was
transferred from Muscat, Oman to Zanzibar

26. Son of Said
Campaigned persistently with all the colonial powers
and played the off against one another as best he
could
Invoked British protection against Leopold II and the
Congo Free State
Eventually saw his terriory divided between the
Germans and the British