The sun by group 3
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The document discusses the sun, including its definition, structure, elements, characteristics, sunspots, benefits of sunlight, and images. It defines the sun as the center object of our solar system that can emit its own light in the form of a huge ball of glowing gas. The sun's structure includes a core, photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. It is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium and has a diameter of approximately 1.4 million km. Sunspots are temporary dark spots on the sun's surface caused by intense magnetic activity.
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The document describes the physical characteristics and layers of the Sun. It lists the Sun's diameter, surface area, volume, mass, density, escape velocity, energy released per second, temperature at its center and surface. The Sun's layers are described as the core, radiative zone, convective zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona, sunspots, granules, and prominences.
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The document describes the different layers of the Sun from the photosphere to the corona. The photosphere is the deepest layer at 250 miles thick and ranges from 6500K to 4000K in temperature. Above is the chromosphere ranging from 250 to 1300 miles and 4000K to 8000K. The narrow transition region between the chromosphere and corona ranges from 8000K to 500,000K. The outer corona extends 1300 miles and reaches temperatures over 500,000K. Various solar phenomena like granules, faculae, sunspots, auroras, and prominences are also mentioned.
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Stars form from collapsing clouds of gas and dust called protostars. Once the core reaches 10 million K, nuclear fusion begins and the star is born. All stars eventually exhaust their nuclear fuel and collapse due to gravity, ending as white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes depending on their size. The life cycle of a star like our sun begins as a nebula, then a main sequence star for most of its lifetime, followed by becoming a red giant, planetary nebula, and ultimately ending as a white dwarf.
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The document discusses India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), which successfully placed an orbiter called Mangalyaan into orbit around Mars in 2014. It was India's first interplanetary mission. The key points are:
1) MOM's objectives included demonstrating India's technological capability to design, plan and manage an interplanetary mission as well as conducting scientific studies of Mars' surface, morphology, mineralogy and atmosphere.
2) The spacecraft carried five scientific payloads to analyze Mars' surface and atmosphere.
3) The mission achieved all its technological and scientific goals, making India the first nation to successfully reach Mars on its first attempt and the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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The sun by group 3
- 1. Created By : GROUP III TITANIA RAMADHANTI VERENT AUSTIN LIE CINDY DWI KURNIATY MUH. AJIE PANGESTU
- 2. WHAT WILL WE TALKING ABOUT? THE DEFINITION OF SUN THE STRUCTURE OF SUN THE ELEMENTS OF SUN THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SUN’S CONDITION WHAT IS SUNSPOTS? THE BENEFIT OF SUNLIGHT IN HUMAN LIFE THE IMAGES OF SUN
- 3. DEFINTION OF SUN The sun is a center object of our solar system that can emit its own light. It is the closest star to the earth in the form of a huge-clamp of glowing gas and its shape is spherical.
- 4. THE STRUCTURE OF SUN 1. SUN’S CORE This is the sun’s layer that lies in the inner part in form of spherical shape. Its radius reaching 175.000 km. In the nucleus, there are two zones, those are convection zones and radiation zone. 2. PHOTOSPHERE
- 5. 3. Corona is the outermost layer of the sun that surrounds the chromosphere. It has thickness of up to 2.5 x 106 km. 4. Chromosphere is a thick gas layer that surrounds the
- 6. The Elements of sun Hydrogen (76.4%) Helium (21.8%) Oxygen (0.8%) Carbon (0.4%) Neon (0.2%) Iron (0.1%) Nitrogen (0.1%) Silicon (0.08%) Magnesium (0.07%) Sulfate (0.05%) Nickel (0.01%)
- 7. THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SUN’S CONDITION Diameter = ±109 x earth’s diameter = ± 109 x 12.757 km = ± 1400000 km Mass = ± 332.488 x earth’s mass = ± 332.488 x 6,6 x 1024 kg = ± 2,195 x 1030 kg Specific mass = ± 1,4 gram/cm3 Temperature = surface ± 6.000o CORE ± 15.000.000
- 8. The benefits of sun 1. Contains Vitamin D 2. Establishing and Improving Bone 3. Infection and Bacteria Killer bidder 4. Enhance Fitness Breathing 5. Immunity 6. Meredan Blood Cholesterol 7. Reduce Blood Sugar
- 9. What is sunspots? Sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the Sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. They are caused by intense magnetic activity, which inhibits convection by an effect comparable to the eddy current brake, forming areas of reduced surface temperature.
- 10. THE IMAGES OF SUN Internal structure of sun The planets and the sun