Primary eye care is a vital component of primary health care that focuses on promoting eye health, preventing and treating conditions that could lead to vision loss, and rehabilitating those who are blind. The goals of primary eye care are to make eye care services more accessible across communities by integrating them into primary health care systems and nationwide blindness prevention programs. Primary eye care activities include creating awareness, prevention through identifying and treating common eye diseases, performing curative activities like first aid and referrals, and providing rehabilitation services. Ophthalmic officers can successfully provide primary eye care through screening, identifying and treating common eye diseases, performing refractions, dispensing glasses, making referrals, and conducting health education and outreach in communities.
The document outlines the National Prevention of Blindness Program which aims to eliminate avoidable blindness in the Philippines by 2020 in accordance with the global VISION 2020 initiative. It identifies the top three preventable causes of blindness - cataract, refractive errors, and childhood blindness. The program's vision is for all Filipinos to enjoy the right to sight by 2020 through strengthening partnerships, empowering communities, providing quality eye care, and alleviating poverty by restoring sight. Key objectives include increasing cataract surgeries and reducing visual impairment from refractive errors and childhood blindness.
The document discusses bats and their ability to use echolocation to catch insects at night. It notes that bats emit rapidly beating cries and listen to the echoes to detect prey. A similar human analog is a blind person tapping with a cane to sense their environment through sound. The document also mentions that bats and other animals like dolphins have sonar abilities that rival or surpass modern radar and sonar technology.
This document discusses community ophthalmology and the prevention of blindness. It describes community ophthalmology as a shift from individualized eye care to a community-directed approach aimed at improving overall ocular health. Both hospital-based and community-based services are essential. The document also discusses defining and determining the magnitude of blindness, its leading causes globally and in Nepal, and approaches to control blindness through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities.
The document discusses blindness, including its definition, categories of visual impairment, major causes, and the problem statement. It covers changing concepts in healthcare with regards to eye care and prevention of blindness through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention methods. The Vision 2020 initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness is also summarized. Major causes of blindness in India are discussed, along with epidemiological determinants and methods of intervention through primary, secondary and tertiary care. Specific prevention programs like trachoma control, vitamin A prophylaxis and occupational eye health services are highlighted.
This document provides information about optometry and the optometric education process. It defines optometry as primary eye care and outlines the roles and responsibilities of optometrists. The document discusses the education path to becoming an optometrist, including undergraduate prerequisites, optometry school curriculum, clinical rotations, residencies, and licensing requirements. It also highlights features of the New England College of Optometry such as their clinical education model, research opportunities, and campus location in Boston.
The document outlines Vision 2020, a global initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness. It notes that 80% of blindness is avoidable and without interventions, blind cases could rise to 75 million by 2020. Vision 2020's goal is to reduce blindness by 100 million cases worldwide by 2020 through prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. In India, Vision 2020 aims to eliminate avoidable blindness through strategies like strengthening eye care infrastructure, reducing major causes of blindness like cataract and childhood blindness, and developing human resources like training more eye care professionals. The key approaches involve implementing programs targeting major blinding conditions, developing a district-level eye care service model, and using appropriate technology.
The document provides information on Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP), India's decentralized disease surveillance program. IDSP aims to detect early warning signals of disease outbreaks and monitor ongoing disease control programs. It covers syndromes under surveillance, types of surveillance, reporting units, data collection process, laboratory confirmation, and specimen collection guidelines for different diseases/syndromes including blood, stool, throat swabs, and cerebrospinal fluid. Detailed methods are given for safe collection, storage, and transportation of specimens to laboratories for testing and confirmation.
Primary eye care is a vital component of primary health care that focuses on promoting eye health, preventing and treating conditions that could lead to vision loss, and rehabilitating those who are blind. The goals of primary eye care are to make eye care services more accessible across communities by integrating them into primary health care systems and nationwide blindness prevention programs. Primary eye care activities include creating awareness, prevention through identifying and treating common eye diseases, performing curative activities like first aid and referrals, and providing rehabilitation services. Ophthalmic officers can successfully provide primary eye care through screening, identifying and treating common eye diseases, performing refractions, dispensing glasses, making referrals, and conducting health education and outreach in communities.
The document outlines the National Prevention of Blindness Program which aims to eliminate avoidable blindness in the Philippines by 2020 in accordance with the global VISION 2020 initiative. It identifies the top three preventable causes of blindness - cataract, refractive errors, and childhood blindness. The program's vision is for all Filipinos to enjoy the right to sight by 2020 through strengthening partnerships, empowering communities, providing quality eye care, and alleviating poverty by restoring sight. Key objectives include increasing cataract surgeries and reducing visual impairment from refractive errors and childhood blindness.
The document discusses bats and their ability to use echolocation to catch insects at night. It notes that bats emit rapidly beating cries and listen to the echoes to detect prey. A similar human analog is a blind person tapping with a cane to sense their environment through sound. The document also mentions that bats and other animals like dolphins have sonar abilities that rival or surpass modern radar and sonar technology.
This document discusses community ophthalmology and the prevention of blindness. It describes community ophthalmology as a shift from individualized eye care to a community-directed approach aimed at improving overall ocular health. Both hospital-based and community-based services are essential. The document also discusses defining and determining the magnitude of blindness, its leading causes globally and in Nepal, and approaches to control blindness through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities.
The document discusses blindness, including its definition, categories of visual impairment, major causes, and the problem statement. It covers changing concepts in healthcare with regards to eye care and prevention of blindness through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention methods. The Vision 2020 initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness is also summarized. Major causes of blindness in India are discussed, along with epidemiological determinants and methods of intervention through primary, secondary and tertiary care. Specific prevention programs like trachoma control, vitamin A prophylaxis and occupational eye health services are highlighted.
This document provides information about optometry and the optometric education process. It defines optometry as primary eye care and outlines the roles and responsibilities of optometrists. The document discusses the education path to becoming an optometrist, including undergraduate prerequisites, optometry school curriculum, clinical rotations, residencies, and licensing requirements. It also highlights features of the New England College of Optometry such as their clinical education model, research opportunities, and campus location in Boston.
The document outlines Vision 2020, a global initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness. It notes that 80% of blindness is avoidable and without interventions, blind cases could rise to 75 million by 2020. Vision 2020's goal is to reduce blindness by 100 million cases worldwide by 2020 through prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. In India, Vision 2020 aims to eliminate avoidable blindness through strategies like strengthening eye care infrastructure, reducing major causes of blindness like cataract and childhood blindness, and developing human resources like training more eye care professionals. The key approaches involve implementing programs targeting major blinding conditions, developing a district-level eye care service model, and using appropriate technology.
The document provides information on Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP), India's decentralized disease surveillance program. IDSP aims to detect early warning signals of disease outbreaks and monitor ongoing disease control programs. It covers syndromes under surveillance, types of surveillance, reporting units, data collection process, laboratory confirmation, and specimen collection guidelines for different diseases/syndromes including blood, stool, throat swabs, and cerebrospinal fluid. Detailed methods are given for safe collection, storage, and transportation of specimens to laboratories for testing and confirmation.
The document summarizes the career path and responsibilities of an optometrist. It outlines the education requirements including a 4-year college degree with science courses, passing the Optometry Admission Test (OAT), and obtaining a 4-year optometry degree from an accredited graduate school. Optometrists can work in private practice, earn an average salary of $84,000-$150,000 per year, and are licensed healthcare professionals who can diagnose eye diseases and prescribe medications and corrective lenses. The field is expected to grow 11% by 2016 due to an aging population and increased awareness of vision care.
This document discusses control of blindness globally and in India. It defines blindness and provides classifications of visual impairment. Around 180 million people worldwide are visually disabled, with 80% of cases being avoidable. In India, the major causes of blindness are cataract, refractive error, and glaucoma. Prevention strategies include primary, secondary, and tertiary eye care as well as specific programs and long-term measures. The National Programme for Control of Blindness was established in 1976 with the goal of reducing blindness prevalence. It focuses on developing eye care infrastructure, human resources, and participation of voluntary organizations. The program's objectives are to reduce the backlog of blindness cases and improve service quality.
1) Blindness is defined as visual acuity less than 3/60 or inability to count fingers at 3 meters. It affects 180 million people worldwide, of whom 45 million are blind.
2) Cataract (19 million), glaucoma (6.4 million), and trachoma (5.6 million) are the leading causes of blindness globally. In India, cataract causes 62.6% of blindness.
3) Prevention programs focus on primary, secondary, and tertiary eye care as well as specific initiatives for conditions like trachoma and school eye health services. The goal is to reduce blindness prevalence through improved access to eye care.
Blindness is defined as visual acuity less than 3/60 by Snellen's chart. Globally, it is estimated that 180 million people are visually impaired, of which 45 million are blind. In India, 68 lakh people are blind according to WHO statistics. The major causes of blindness globally are cataract (19 million), glaucoma (6.4 million), trachoma (5.7 million), and childhood blindness (more than 1.5 million). In India, the primary causes are cataract (62.6%), refractive errors (19.7%), and glaucoma (5.8%). The National Program for Control of Blindness aims to reduce blindness to 0.3%
Optometrists are primary eye care physicians who perform eye exams to check for vision problems and eye diseases. They prescribe eyeglasses, contact lenses, and treat minor eye conditions. To become an optometrist requires 4 years of undergraduate study, 4 years of optometry school including classroom and clinical training, and passing board exams. Optometrists work in a variety of settings like retail offices, hospitals, private practice, and group practices.
NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CONTROL OF BLINDNESSManoj Arockia
The National Programme for Control of Blindness in India was launched in 1976 with the goal of reducing blindness prevalence from 1.4% to 0.3%. Its key activities include expanding eye care services, establishing permanent infrastructure, and intensifying eye health education. It operates through a three-tier system at the peripheral, intermediate, and central levels. At each level it focuses on providing primary, secondary, and tertiary eye care services. It has also adopted strategic plans like 'Vision 2020: Right to Sight' to address specific blinding conditions and achieve its goal of eliminating avoidable blindness by 2020.
The document summarizes the career path and responsibilities of an optometrist. It outlines the education requirements including a 4-year college degree with science courses, passing the Optometry Admission Test (OAT), and obtaining a 4-year optometry degree from an accredited graduate school. Optometrists can work in private practice, earn an average salary of $84,000-$150,000 per year, and are licensed healthcare professionals who can diagnose eye diseases and prescribe medications and corrective lenses. The field is expected to grow 11% by 2016 due to an aging population and increased awareness of vision care.
This document discusses control of blindness globally and in India. It defines blindness and provides classifications of visual impairment. Around 180 million people worldwide are visually disabled, with 80% of cases being avoidable. In India, the major causes of blindness are cataract, refractive error, and glaucoma. Prevention strategies include primary, secondary, and tertiary eye care as well as specific programs and long-term measures. The National Programme for Control of Blindness was established in 1976 with the goal of reducing blindness prevalence. It focuses on developing eye care infrastructure, human resources, and participation of voluntary organizations. The program's objectives are to reduce the backlog of blindness cases and improve service quality.
1) Blindness is defined as visual acuity less than 3/60 or inability to count fingers at 3 meters. It affects 180 million people worldwide, of whom 45 million are blind.
2) Cataract (19 million), glaucoma (6.4 million), and trachoma (5.6 million) are the leading causes of blindness globally. In India, cataract causes 62.6% of blindness.
3) Prevention programs focus on primary, secondary, and tertiary eye care as well as specific initiatives for conditions like trachoma and school eye health services. The goal is to reduce blindness prevalence through improved access to eye care.
Blindness is defined as visual acuity less than 3/60 by Snellen's chart. Globally, it is estimated that 180 million people are visually impaired, of which 45 million are blind. In India, 68 lakh people are blind according to WHO statistics. The major causes of blindness globally are cataract (19 million), glaucoma (6.4 million), trachoma (5.7 million), and childhood blindness (more than 1.5 million). In India, the primary causes are cataract (62.6%), refractive errors (19.7%), and glaucoma (5.8%). The National Program for Control of Blindness aims to reduce blindness to 0.3%
Optometrists are primary eye care physicians who perform eye exams to check for vision problems and eye diseases. They prescribe eyeglasses, contact lenses, and treat minor eye conditions. To become an optometrist requires 4 years of undergraduate study, 4 years of optometry school including classroom and clinical training, and passing board exams. Optometrists work in a variety of settings like retail offices, hospitals, private practice, and group practices.
NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CONTROL OF BLINDNESSManoj Arockia
The National Programme for Control of Blindness in India was launched in 1976 with the goal of reducing blindness prevalence from 1.4% to 0.3%. Its key activities include expanding eye care services, establishing permanent infrastructure, and intensifying eye health education. It operates through a three-tier system at the peripheral, intermediate, and central levels. At each level it focuses on providing primary, secondary, and tertiary eye care services. It has also adopted strategic plans like 'Vision 2020: Right to Sight' to address specific blinding conditions and achieve its goal of eliminating avoidable blindness by 2020.