A presentation about Spinosaurus

1. The Spinosaurus
By Arjun Shivay Shivpillai

2. The Amazing Spinosaurus
Spinosaurus is a genus of spinosaurid dinosaur that lived in what now is North Africa
during the Cenomanian to upper Turonian stages of the Late Cretaceous period, about
99 to 93.5 million years ago. The genus was known first from Egyptian remains
discovered in 1912 and described by German palaeontgest Ernst Stromer in 1915. The
original remains were destroyed in World War II, but additional material came to light
in the early 21st century. It is unclear whether one or two species are represented in
the fossils reported in the scientific literature. The best known species is S.
aegyptiacus from Egypt, although a potential second species, S. maroccanus, has been
recovered from Morocco. The contemporary spinosaurid genus Sigilmassasaurus has
also been synonymized by some authors with S. aegyptiacus, though other researchers
propose it to be a distinct taxon. Another possible junior synonym is Oxalaia from the
Alcantara Formation in Brazil.

3. About Me
Spinosaurus is the longest known terrestrial carnivore; other large carnivores
comparable to Spinosaurus include theropods such as Tyrannosaurus, Giganotosaurus
and Carcharodontosaurus. The most recent study suggests that previous body size
estimates are overestimated, and that S. aegyptiacus reached 14 metres (46 ft) in
length and 7.4 metric tons (8.2 short tons) in body mass. The skull of Spinosaurus was
long, low, and narrow, similar to that of a modern crocodilian, and bore straight conical
teeth with no serrations. It would have had large, robust forelimbs bearing three-
fingered hands, with an enlarged claw on the first digit. The distinctive neural spines of
Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae (or backbones), grew to at
least 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them,
forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines
were covered in fat and formed a hump.

4. My Body And Food
The hip bones of Spinosaurus were reduced, and the legs were very short in proportion
to the body. Its long and narrow tail was deepened by tall, thin neural spines and
elongated chevrons, forming a flexible fin or paddle-like structure.
Spinosaurus is known to have eaten fish, and most scientists believe that it hunted both
terrestrial and aquatic prey. Evidence suggests that it was highly semiaquatic, and lived
both on land and in water much like modern crocodilians do. Spinosaurus's leg bones had
osteosclerosis (high bone density), allowing for better buoyancy control, and the
paddle-like tail was likely used for underwater propulsion. Multiple functions have been
put forward for the dorsal sail, including thermoregulation and display; either to
intimidate rivals or attract mates. It lived in a humid environment of tidal flats and
mangrove forests alongside many other dinosaurs, as well as fish, crocodylomorphs,
lizards, turtles, pterosaurs, and plesiosaurs.