The presentation explores the concept of irony, defining it as a literary technique where the expression of one's meaning typically signifies the opposite. It discusses various types of irony, including verbal, situational, and dramatic irony, illustrated with examples from literature and everyday life. The speaker concludes by encouraging the audience to remember these forms of irony for future reference.

1. Good afternooneveryone,the topicformypresentationisIrony,withoutfurtheradieulet’sbegin.
What do we understandbyIrony?Askthisto an ironyimpairedpersonandhe’llreplywiththis (CLICK)
Ironyis the opposite of wrinkly.
Andthat is yourcue to stoptalkingtothat person.
Let’ssee whatIronyis actually all about, (CLICK)
In itsbroadestsense ironyis
A literarytechnique(CLICK)
A Rhetorical Device (CLICK)
AndAn event.
(CLICK)
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Ironyessentiallyisthe expressionof one’smeaningbyusinglanguage thatnormallysignifiesthe
opposite,typicallyforhumorousoremphaticeffect.Butthere isalot more to it,as well see…
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To betterunderstandthe essence of Irony,we have afew different typesof Irony.
Verbal Irony(CLICK)
Situational Irony (CLICK)
AndDramatic Irony
The namesare highlysuggestive of whattheywouldmean andeasytofathom,butI have to flauntmy
ppt skills,sohere we go
(CLICK)
First let’s look at Verbal Irony, When the speaker intends to be understood as meaning
something that contrasts with the literal or usual meaning of what he says, that is when Verbal
Irony occurs. In simpler words, when you mean the opposite of what you say.
But thisisalso howwe define Sarcasmright? Sayingsomethingbutactuallymeaningthe opposite,
where isthe difference then?Welllet’ssee.
We actually have a fewsubtypesof Verbal Irony,
Number1 Sarcasm, the recipe forsarcasm issimple,youtake verbal ironyandadash of Attitude
to it, that is all.Assimple asitsounds.the real struggle of life is,that people don’teasilygetsarcasm.

2. Sarcasm intendstomockor insultsomeone, it’saslightlyharsherversionof verbal irony.Andthanks to
thisman,we all knowwhatSarcasm is-
Next, we have,Degree of Statements
There are twovarietiesinthis,
The joke that an iPhone costsa kidney,orthat thispresentationfeelslike aneternity already iswhatwe
call an Overstatement,asimilarfigure of speechtoOverstatementisHyperbole.
Rememberwhen CareerLaunchersaidthatCATwouldbe a walkinthe park,that was an
Understatement.
So exaggeratingisOverstatement,andalleviatingascenario isUnderstatement.
Next,we have SocraticIrony, itoccurs whenyoufeignignorance inordertoget someone toconfessor
admitsomething. Basically, playingdumb.
Playingdumbsoundsstupidbutisthe single bestwaytorescue anuncomfortable conversation.
A relevantexample wouldbe,whenyourparentsaskaboutyourwhereabouts,buttheyactuallysaw
youat Nucleuswith someone theyweren’tsupposedtoknow about,andare tryingto catch youin your
lie.
The nexttype of Irony isDramatic Irony,
Dramatic ironyoccurs whenthe audience hasadeeperunderstandingorsome extrainformationabout
the story whichthe character doesn’t and because of thisthe acts and wordsof the character take on a
differentmeaningaltogether.
For example,yourparentswatchyoustudybuttheydon’treallycare because theyknow thatyou have
alwaysbeenworthlessandwon’tamounttoanythinginlife.
Or a much soberexample,whenthe we saw the movie ‘Titanic’,we alreadyknew thatthe shipwould
sinkand whenthe characterssaidlifeboatswere notneededforan‘unsinkable ship’.The audience
recognizedthe irony,butthe characters,sadly, didnot.
Dramatic ironyoccurs ineverydaylife whenasituationishappeningandyetthe personwithinthe
situationisunaware of whatinfact is goingaround.
For example,if apersonwere tobe mockinga friendforlosinghiswalletbutdidnotrealize thathe had
alsolosthisown wallet,thatwouldbe dramaticirony.
Next,we have SituationalIrony,itoccurswhenthere isa difference betweenyourexpectationsandthe
actual outcome of an eventmuchto yourshock or amazement.Itincludessharpcontrastsand
contradictionsbetweenthe events.
We alsohave a fewsubtypesof SituationalIrony,
Firstup, Ironyof fate or alsocalled Cosmicirony,thisinvolvesahigherpowerlike god,orthe
universe.

3. For example, whenyouwanttokill yourself but youare unable to doso, because the fanbroke,the
poisonexpiredandbecause of the lockdownthe trains aren’trunning.
Next, we have Poeticirony,inthis,due toa twistof fate the situationendswithapositive outcome,
whichgives the audience asense of comfortandpleasure.
I don’tunderstandpoetryandsoI don’thave an example forthis.Justknow thatbecause of some sort
of magicthe outcome ispositive.
Next,Historical irony,itoccurswhenthe pastprovidesanironicperspective of the presentscene.
Thiscouldapplyto real life andfictionaswell.
For example,worldwarone wassometimescalledthe greatwarand wasalsodubbedas the war to end
all wars,whicheventuallyleadtoworldwar2.
Next, we have Structural Irony,thisironyoccurswhenthe scenarioisbuiltaroundignorance or
deception.
For example, if I deliberately include longexamplesinordertokill time, whilekeepingthe impression
that thispresentationteachesyousomethingelusive, Iambeingdeceptive andusingstructural irony.
NowI personallyfeel thatif youunderstandthe jokes onacertaintopic,you’ll have agoodhandle at it.
So here are a few pictures andI’ll be describingthemandyoujusthave to guess foryourself whatsort
of Ironycomesintoplay.
First,and thisisveryfamous,InRomeoand Juliet, the audience knows thatJulietisinadrug induced
sleep,sowhenRomeo thinksshe isdeadandkillshimself (followedbyJulietdoingthe same because
herlove died),atragic double suicide occurs muchto the shock of the audience.
Take a guess, thiswouldbe dramaticironybecause the audiencehadmore informationaboutthe scene
than the characters.
Nextup,
Thisimage do yousee anythingweirdaboutit?
The numberof Friends Mr.Zuckerberghasis 0.
Take a guess,
Thiswouldbe Situational Irony,becausewe won’texpectthe manwhobroughtall of us closerand
made us feel insecureabouteverything,havingnofriends.

4. We come across Situational Irony all the time, In movies, In so many Television series’s and it is
also very prominent in real life as well, every time our friends pull a fast one on us or lie to us
and we let it slide because we know that they are just a bunch of snakes and it’s their inherent
characteristic, and they can’t change their spots, or when we see a drastic but brief change in
our friends demeanour, we know they just finished watching a new movie or a series, that’s just
how it is with our generation, very impressionable.
Thisis so funny,justtake a guess…
Thiswill fall underVerbal irony,because …yougetit right?Prettyobvious. Youdon’thave totake the
word“VERBAL” literally,Ironycanalsobe expressedinwrittenforms.
Nowthisisa popularone, In the movie Toy Story, Buzz Lightyear thinks he is a real space ranger
but the other toys and the audience knows that he is just a toy.
Okay next, so thisismy favorite one,See this image, InthisDumbeldoretellsHarry that he isone of the
Horcruxes.
You wontget itif you haven’tseenthe movie,sohere is
hintFor all the muggles:Harry was actually supposedtodestroythe 7 horcruxes,buthe endedupbeing
one of the them,one of those 7 hocruxes.
Take a guess,thiswouldbe situational irony,because youdon’texpectthe greatestteenheartthrob
everto kill himself,andsohere the expectedoutcome isdirectlycontradicted.
That is all I have and
I hope yourememberatleastsome of it,I am not sure if it’sgonna be of anyuse to you. Thankyou for
your listening,Ireallyappreciate yourpatience