Central banks have expanded their role in response to the global financial crisis and are facing criticism. Critics argue that easy credit policies threaten long-term recovery and distort asset prices, while enabling governments to delay spending cuts. Defenders note central banks prevented financial catastrophe, and argue low rates reflect deep recessions and won't necessarily fuel new bubbles. However, some say central banks should push banks to restart lending to boost the real economy. The future role of central banks remains uncertain.
Swedbank was founded in 1820, as Sweden’s first savings bank was established. Today, our heritage is visible in that we truly are a bank for each and every one and in that we still strive to contribute to a sustainable development of society and our environment. We are strongly committed to society as a whole and keen to help bring about a sustainable form of societal development. Our Swedish operations hold an ISO 14001 environmental certification, and environmental work is an integral part of our business activities.
This document provides background information and context for a study examining the determinants of banking crises in Nigeria. It begins with an introduction that discusses the important role of banks in economic growth and development. However, it notes that banking nowadays faces many challenges that can lead to crises.
The document then reviews literature on past banking crises in Nigeria. It discusses factors that previous studies have identified as contributing to crises, such as lack of transparency, capital inadequacy, and non-performing loans. It also outlines the objectives, research questions, and hypotheses that will guide the current study.
Finally, the document provides operational definitions of key terms and concludes Chapter 1 by discussing the significance, scope, and limitations
But resolving this legacy issue with continued application of past interventionist instruments does not incentivize the much needed structural reforms and private capital market activities. Financial repression has induced a re-allocation of capital across markets and greatly enhanced the role of public markets at the detriment of private market activities. Artificially low – or in some cases even negative – interest rates break the credit intermediation channel which can crowd out viable private investors.
This document summarizes a research paper that assesses the factors contributing to non-performing loans in Kenyan banks. It discusses how non-performing loans negatively impact bank profitability, liquidity, and stability. It outlines the research objectives, which are to identify the key factors leading to bad loans in Kenya, establish the effects of non-performing loans on banks, analyze trends in bad loans before and after the introduction of credit reference bureaus, and determine efforts to reduce risks from non-performing assets. The significance of studying non-performing loans for policymakers, banks, and future research is also mentioned.
Negative interest rate policy (NIRP) has been adopted by several central banks to stimulate economic growth and combat deflation. While NIRP aims to increase lending by making it costly for banks to hold reserves, there are also risks like encouraging risky behavior and reducing confidence. Economists disagree on whether NIRP's benefits outweigh the costs. For the large and complex US economy, most experts argue that monetary policy tools other than NIRP should be used before considering negative rates due to the policy's uncertainties.
FIS Research - High Performance Community BankingPaul McAdam
Historically, economies of scale have provided larger financial institutions with the ability to generate lower efficiency ratios and, often, higher returns on assets than community banks. Despite the disadvantages of their smaller size, some community banks outperform larger banks as well as their community bank peers during both good and bad times. This research brief focuses on the financial metrics of high-performing community banks to determine the characteristics that differentiate the elite performers from the rest of the pack.
Governor honohan's address to the iiea restoring ireland's credit by reduci...ExSite
The document discusses reducing uncertainty in Ireland's economy by addressing uncertainty around banks and other factors. It notes that projections of growth, budgets, and bank loan losses have often lacked acknowledgment of uncertainty. Reducing uncertainty facing the Irish economy is a priority. While EU/IMF support provides funding, it does not directly address "tail risk" or uncertainty. Over the next few years, Ireland needs to demonstrate reduced debt levels and lower bank tail risk through continued fiscal reforms and further analysis of bank loan books to reduce perceived risk and uncertainty.
This document provides a summary of recent developments in global financial markets following the sub-prime mortgage crisis. It discusses how turmoil originated from problems in the US sub-prime mortgage market but was exacerbated by a liquidity crisis in the European inter-bank market. While central banks provided liquidity to stabilize markets, the document argues the current financial system's overreliance on complex, opaque instruments like CDOs and lack of transparency regarding risk has increased uncertainty and amplified volatility. Long-term regulatory reforms are needed to improve transparency and prevent excessive risk-taking.
Swedbank was founded in 1820, as Sweden’s first savings bank was established. Today, our heritage is visible in that we truly are a bank for each and every one and in that we still strive to contribute to a sustainable development of society and our environment. We are strongly committed to society as a whole and keen to help bring about a sustainable form of societal development. Our Swedish operations hold an ISO 14001 environmental certification, and environmental work is an integral part of our business activities.
This document provides background information and context for a study examining the determinants of banking crises in Nigeria. It begins with an introduction that discusses the important role of banks in economic growth and development. However, it notes that banking nowadays faces many challenges that can lead to crises.
The document then reviews literature on past banking crises in Nigeria. It discusses factors that previous studies have identified as contributing to crises, such as lack of transparency, capital inadequacy, and non-performing loans. It also outlines the objectives, research questions, and hypotheses that will guide the current study.
Finally, the document provides operational definitions of key terms and concludes Chapter 1 by discussing the significance, scope, and limitations
But resolving this legacy issue with continued application of past interventionist instruments does not incentivize the much needed structural reforms and private capital market activities. Financial repression has induced a re-allocation of capital across markets and greatly enhanced the role of public markets at the detriment of private market activities. Artificially low – or in some cases even negative – interest rates break the credit intermediation channel which can crowd out viable private investors.
This document summarizes a research paper that assesses the factors contributing to non-performing loans in Kenyan banks. It discusses how non-performing loans negatively impact bank profitability, liquidity, and stability. It outlines the research objectives, which are to identify the key factors leading to bad loans in Kenya, establish the effects of non-performing loans on banks, analyze trends in bad loans before and after the introduction of credit reference bureaus, and determine efforts to reduce risks from non-performing assets. The significance of studying non-performing loans for policymakers, banks, and future research is also mentioned.
Negative interest rate policy (NIRP) has been adopted by several central banks to stimulate economic growth and combat deflation. While NIRP aims to increase lending by making it costly for banks to hold reserves, there are also risks like encouraging risky behavior and reducing confidence. Economists disagree on whether NIRP's benefits outweigh the costs. For the large and complex US economy, most experts argue that monetary policy tools other than NIRP should be used before considering negative rates due to the policy's uncertainties.
FIS Research - High Performance Community BankingPaul McAdam
Historically, economies of scale have provided larger financial institutions with the ability to generate lower efficiency ratios and, often, higher returns on assets than community banks. Despite the disadvantages of their smaller size, some community banks outperform larger banks as well as their community bank peers during both good and bad times. This research brief focuses on the financial metrics of high-performing community banks to determine the characteristics that differentiate the elite performers from the rest of the pack.
Governor honohan's address to the iiea restoring ireland's credit by reduci...ExSite
The document discusses reducing uncertainty in Ireland's economy by addressing uncertainty around banks and other factors. It notes that projections of growth, budgets, and bank loan losses have often lacked acknowledgment of uncertainty. Reducing uncertainty facing the Irish economy is a priority. While EU/IMF support provides funding, it does not directly address "tail risk" or uncertainty. Over the next few years, Ireland needs to demonstrate reduced debt levels and lower bank tail risk through continued fiscal reforms and further analysis of bank loan books to reduce perceived risk and uncertainty.
This document provides a summary of recent developments in global financial markets following the sub-prime mortgage crisis. It discusses how turmoil originated from problems in the US sub-prime mortgage market but was exacerbated by a liquidity crisis in the European inter-bank market. While central banks provided liquidity to stabilize markets, the document argues the current financial system's overreliance on complex, opaque instruments like CDOs and lack of transparency regarding risk has increased uncertainty and amplified volatility. Long-term regulatory reforms are needed to improve transparency and prevent excessive risk-taking.
- State-owned banks in India restructured 3.1% of overall loans in FY12, with around 20% pertaining to corporate debt restructuring (CDR) cases. Excluding SBI, other state banks restructured around 4% of loans.
- Gross non-performing assets (NPAs) and net NPAs increased 54% and 58% year-over-year respectively. Provision coverage ratios declined for most banks despite higher loan stress.
- Gross slippages increased 48% year-over-year while the pace of recoveries and upgrades moderated, leading to higher balance sheet stress overall. The aggregate gross and net slippage ratios increased.
- While the net present value
This document summarizes a theoretical model examining the effects of small regional banks on local economic growth. The model shows that small regional banks are more effective than large interregional banks at promoting economic growth in underdeveloped regions. This is because small regional banks have lower screening and monitoring costs of local borrowers compared to large banks. The model is then empirically tested using bank and regional economic data from Germany, finding that small regional banks play an important role in enhancing economic development in less developed German regions.
- The European Central Bank introduced negative interest rates in 2014 in an attempt to stimulate more lending and economic growth in the Eurozone. This was a unprecedented policy that saw deposit rates at the ECB drop slightly below zero.
- The goal was to discourage banks from parking excess funds at the ECB and instead incentivize more lending. However, there may not have been enough creditworthy borrowers, so banks still had little incentive to lend more.
- This policy has driven down bond yields in Europe with some bonds now having negative nominal interest rates. It has also started affecting markets outside Europe as bond buying and negative rates may spread. The long term implications of widespread negative interest rates on markets and individuals remain unclear.
Market Outlook - Financial Crisis & PolicyJayson Kim
1) A fundamental cause of the current financial crisis was a change in the banking business model that mixed credit and equity cultures. When this new model was combined with complex interactions from macro policies, regulations, taxation, and corporate governance changes, it resulted in the crisis.
2) Four key events in 2004 contributed to banks accelerating off-balance sheet mortgage securitization: 1) new US mortgage proposals, 2) increased regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, 3) publication of the Basel II accord, and 4) changes to SEC regulation of investment banks.
3) One bank, Citi, is used as an example of how the transition from Basel I to Basel II created an arbitrage opportunity for
Our October 2010 Newsletter is now available. The Newsletter Article, “Can The Fed Boost The Economy?” discusses the four things that Fed Chair Bernanke said that the Fed could do to boost the economy. The article explains how each of the 4 options he proposed would affect your company’s future. Our second article, “In Case You Didn’t Notice, The Recession Ended In June 2009?” addresses the real meaning of the recessionary slide ending before the stimulus had any impact and what it will take for the economy to have a strong recovery. Our final article, “Is The Real Employment Picture Still Deteriorating?” talks about the negative meaning of last Friday’s Labor Department unemployment report and its long term implications.
1) Healthy domestic economic conditions in Australia are likely to moderate the effects of volatility in the global environment and underpin stable bank performance in 2011.
2) Conservative loan growth and less potential for further reductions in impairment charges, given already good asset quality, are likely to limit significant upside in profitability.
3) Steps have been taken to strengthen liquidity, though wholesale funding remains prominent, making Australian banks vulnerable to global funding market disruptions.
The document discusses interest rates, quantitative easing, and obstacles to raising interest rates. It notes that interest rates are an important economic indicator that influence investment decisions. While quantitative easing helped stimulate the economy after 2008, it also increased bank reserves and the Federal Reserve's balance sheet, posing obstacles to raising rates. The Federal Reserve is monitoring economic data to determine when the economy is strong enough to withstand higher interest rates without damaging the job market or global financial stability.
Credit Risk and Bank Performance in Nigeriaiosrjce
This study investigates the impact of credit risk on banks’ performance in Nigeria. A panel
estimation of six banks from 2000 to 2013 was done using the random effect model framework. Our findings
show that credit risk is negatively and significantly related to bank performance, measured by return on assets
(ROA). This suggests that an increased exposure to credit risk reduces bank profitability. We also found that
total loan has a positive and significant impact on bank performance. Therefore, to stem the cyclical nature of
non-performing loans and increase their profits, the banks should adopt an aggressive deposit mobilization to
increase credit availability and develop a reliable credit risk management strategy with adequate punishment
for loan payment defaults
This document provides background information on a study about the effects of inflation on the profitability of commercial banks in Uganda. It discusses inflation and how it can reduce purchasing power. It also defines key terms like interest rates, lending, and consumer price index. The problem statement indicates that despite financial reforms, commercial bank performance in Uganda has remained poor due to high inflation, interest rates, and exchange rate volatility. The specific objectives are to determine the effects of exchange rates, interest rates, and consumer price index on bank profitability. The significance is that bank management can use the study to understand inflation's impacts and develop strategies to handle its effects.
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates the role of non-bank financial institutions (OFIs), including credit unions, in economic growth. It analyzes data from 76 countries from 1981 to 2005. The paper finds that measures of OFI assets and credit are positively and significantly related to real GDP growth, even after controlling for bank credit. Measures of credit union loans and assets are also positively linked to economic growth. While bank credit is positively related to growth, the relationship is not statistically significant over the sample period. The findings suggest that OFIs play an important role in promoting economic growth.
This document provides a summary of the book "Understanding Central Banking: The New Era of Activism" by David M. Jones. It discusses how the book chronicles the unprecedented measures taken by central banks like the US Federal Reserve, European Central Bank, and Bank of Japan in response to the 2008 financial crisis. It notes how the crisis prompted these central banks to utilize unconventional monetary policy tools for the first time. The summary highlights how the book explains the various policy actions and mechanisms used by the Federal Reserve to tackle the crisis through a series of appendices. It also discusses how the book provides insights into key central banking figures like Ben Bernanke and the influential role they have come to play.
3 simple points to understand negative interest ratesFinMarket Guru
As you must have recently come across the news that BOJ (Bank of Japan) is moving towards negative interest rates.
So what is this all about? If you are from India, you might not have faced negative interest rates in your life. Infact, you must only be aware of the term – interest rate (which is by default positive)
So, let us understand this in 3 simple points...
Financial Regulation: Lessson from the Recent Financial CrisesNicha Tatsaneeyapan
This document summarizes two key lessons from the recent financial crises in the United States and Japan. First, both crises showed that the lack of an orderly resolution mechanism for large, complex financial institutions created serious problems and exacerbated the "too big to fail" issue. Second, the crises highlighted the importance of distinguishing between the health of individual financial institutions and the overall stability of the entire financial system. The author argues that future financial regulations should address these issues.
Analysis of recovery determinants of defaulted mortgages in nigerian lending ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed the determinants of recovery of defaulted mortgage loans in the Nigerian lending industry. The study used logistic regression analysis on data from 3,197 defaulted mortgages from 1999-2011 at commercial banks and primary mortgage institutions in Nigeria. The results showed that GDP growth, borrower status, borrower default history, year as a borrower, bank relationship, loan supervision, collateral age, and collateral location were positively associated with loan recovery rates. Meanwhile, inflation growth, interest rates, collateral priority, and collateral revaluation were negatively associated with recovery rates. Other factors like loan-to-value ratio, loan size, and loan duration had insignificant but positive effects on recovery possibility.
A war on thrift? A perversion of the natural order? A mad experiment? As more central banks push their deposit rate structures into negative territory, a vigorous debate has erupted among economists, investors and policy officials about the appropriateness, effectiveness and consequences of negative interest rates.
This paper introduces an imperfectly competitive banking sector into a DSGE model to study the role of credit supply factors in business cycle fluctuations in the euro area. Banks issue loans to households and firms, obtain funding via deposits, and accumulate capital from retained earnings. Margins on loans depend on bank capital ratios and interest rate stickiness. Estimating the model with euro area data from 1999-2008, the paper finds that:
1) Shocks originating in the banking sector explain most of the output fall in 2008, while macroeconomic shocks played a smaller role.
2) An unexpected reduction in bank capital can significantly impact the real economy, especially investment.
3) Financial frictions amplify monetary policy effects,
the role of securitized lending and shadow banking in the 2008 financial cris...Debora Dyankova
The document discusses the role of securitized lending and shadow banking in the 2008 financial crisis. It argues that changes in regulations in the late 1990s connected traditional banking and investment banking, leading to growth of securitized lending and shadow banking. This resulted in a complex global system of interconnected financial institutions with large amounts of securitized assets being traded. The overreliance on securitized lending and lack of oversight of shadow banking contributed to the crisis, as seen when the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in 2008 triggered a global recession due to the domino effect across financial systems.
Horses Impossible Thrilling Audiences for over 20 yearsHorses Impossible
Latest brochure for horses Impossible.
For more info www.horsesimpossible.com
At Horses Impossible , we appreciate your business. If you have any questions or comments, feel free to let us know at info@horsesimpossible.com
Horses Impossible is a production house that creates live action stunt shows with horses for film, television, and events across Europe. They have provided horses for movies like Snow White and the Huntsmen, Jack the Giant Killer, and Pirates of the Caribbean. Their stunt shows include medieval jousting, Roman chariot racing, Cossack performances, and Wild West shows. They also host an annual music festival at Lulworth Castle that draws 40,000 people over 5 days.
This document discusses a business called Business Intelligence 4 Fitness that provides online training programs to reduce costs using big data and a focus on user experience. The company is led by CEO Fernando Pauer and CTO Eudes Nery Jr. and aims to use business intelligence and data analytics to improve their fitness training offerings.
- State-owned banks in India restructured 3.1% of overall loans in FY12, with around 20% pertaining to corporate debt restructuring (CDR) cases. Excluding SBI, other state banks restructured around 4% of loans.
- Gross non-performing assets (NPAs) and net NPAs increased 54% and 58% year-over-year respectively. Provision coverage ratios declined for most banks despite higher loan stress.
- Gross slippages increased 48% year-over-year while the pace of recoveries and upgrades moderated, leading to higher balance sheet stress overall. The aggregate gross and net slippage ratios increased.
- While the net present value
This document summarizes a theoretical model examining the effects of small regional banks on local economic growth. The model shows that small regional banks are more effective than large interregional banks at promoting economic growth in underdeveloped regions. This is because small regional banks have lower screening and monitoring costs of local borrowers compared to large banks. The model is then empirically tested using bank and regional economic data from Germany, finding that small regional banks play an important role in enhancing economic development in less developed German regions.
- The European Central Bank introduced negative interest rates in 2014 in an attempt to stimulate more lending and economic growth in the Eurozone. This was a unprecedented policy that saw deposit rates at the ECB drop slightly below zero.
- The goal was to discourage banks from parking excess funds at the ECB and instead incentivize more lending. However, there may not have been enough creditworthy borrowers, so banks still had little incentive to lend more.
- This policy has driven down bond yields in Europe with some bonds now having negative nominal interest rates. It has also started affecting markets outside Europe as bond buying and negative rates may spread. The long term implications of widespread negative interest rates on markets and individuals remain unclear.
Market Outlook - Financial Crisis & PolicyJayson Kim
1) A fundamental cause of the current financial crisis was a change in the banking business model that mixed credit and equity cultures. When this new model was combined with complex interactions from macro policies, regulations, taxation, and corporate governance changes, it resulted in the crisis.
2) Four key events in 2004 contributed to banks accelerating off-balance sheet mortgage securitization: 1) new US mortgage proposals, 2) increased regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, 3) publication of the Basel II accord, and 4) changes to SEC regulation of investment banks.
3) One bank, Citi, is used as an example of how the transition from Basel I to Basel II created an arbitrage opportunity for
Our October 2010 Newsletter is now available. The Newsletter Article, “Can The Fed Boost The Economy?” discusses the four things that Fed Chair Bernanke said that the Fed could do to boost the economy. The article explains how each of the 4 options he proposed would affect your company’s future. Our second article, “In Case You Didn’t Notice, The Recession Ended In June 2009?” addresses the real meaning of the recessionary slide ending before the stimulus had any impact and what it will take for the economy to have a strong recovery. Our final article, “Is The Real Employment Picture Still Deteriorating?” talks about the negative meaning of last Friday’s Labor Department unemployment report and its long term implications.
1) Healthy domestic economic conditions in Australia are likely to moderate the effects of volatility in the global environment and underpin stable bank performance in 2011.
2) Conservative loan growth and less potential for further reductions in impairment charges, given already good asset quality, are likely to limit significant upside in profitability.
3) Steps have been taken to strengthen liquidity, though wholesale funding remains prominent, making Australian banks vulnerable to global funding market disruptions.
The document discusses interest rates, quantitative easing, and obstacles to raising interest rates. It notes that interest rates are an important economic indicator that influence investment decisions. While quantitative easing helped stimulate the economy after 2008, it also increased bank reserves and the Federal Reserve's balance sheet, posing obstacles to raising rates. The Federal Reserve is monitoring economic data to determine when the economy is strong enough to withstand higher interest rates without damaging the job market or global financial stability.
Credit Risk and Bank Performance in Nigeriaiosrjce
This study investigates the impact of credit risk on banks’ performance in Nigeria. A panel
estimation of six banks from 2000 to 2013 was done using the random effect model framework. Our findings
show that credit risk is negatively and significantly related to bank performance, measured by return on assets
(ROA). This suggests that an increased exposure to credit risk reduces bank profitability. We also found that
total loan has a positive and significant impact on bank performance. Therefore, to stem the cyclical nature of
non-performing loans and increase their profits, the banks should adopt an aggressive deposit mobilization to
increase credit availability and develop a reliable credit risk management strategy with adequate punishment
for loan payment defaults
This document provides background information on a study about the effects of inflation on the profitability of commercial banks in Uganda. It discusses inflation and how it can reduce purchasing power. It also defines key terms like interest rates, lending, and consumer price index. The problem statement indicates that despite financial reforms, commercial bank performance in Uganda has remained poor due to high inflation, interest rates, and exchange rate volatility. The specific objectives are to determine the effects of exchange rates, interest rates, and consumer price index on bank profitability. The significance is that bank management can use the study to understand inflation's impacts and develop strategies to handle its effects.
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates the role of non-bank financial institutions (OFIs), including credit unions, in economic growth. It analyzes data from 76 countries from 1981 to 2005. The paper finds that measures of OFI assets and credit are positively and significantly related to real GDP growth, even after controlling for bank credit. Measures of credit union loans and assets are also positively linked to economic growth. While bank credit is positively related to growth, the relationship is not statistically significant over the sample period. The findings suggest that OFIs play an important role in promoting economic growth.
This document provides a summary of the book "Understanding Central Banking: The New Era of Activism" by David M. Jones. It discusses how the book chronicles the unprecedented measures taken by central banks like the US Federal Reserve, European Central Bank, and Bank of Japan in response to the 2008 financial crisis. It notes how the crisis prompted these central banks to utilize unconventional monetary policy tools for the first time. The summary highlights how the book explains the various policy actions and mechanisms used by the Federal Reserve to tackle the crisis through a series of appendices. It also discusses how the book provides insights into key central banking figures like Ben Bernanke and the influential role they have come to play.
3 simple points to understand negative interest ratesFinMarket Guru
As you must have recently come across the news that BOJ (Bank of Japan) is moving towards negative interest rates.
So what is this all about? If you are from India, you might not have faced negative interest rates in your life. Infact, you must only be aware of the term – interest rate (which is by default positive)
So, let us understand this in 3 simple points...
Financial Regulation: Lessson from the Recent Financial CrisesNicha Tatsaneeyapan
This document summarizes two key lessons from the recent financial crises in the United States and Japan. First, both crises showed that the lack of an orderly resolution mechanism for large, complex financial institutions created serious problems and exacerbated the "too big to fail" issue. Second, the crises highlighted the importance of distinguishing between the health of individual financial institutions and the overall stability of the entire financial system. The author argues that future financial regulations should address these issues.
Analysis of recovery determinants of defaulted mortgages in nigerian lending ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed the determinants of recovery of defaulted mortgage loans in the Nigerian lending industry. The study used logistic regression analysis on data from 3,197 defaulted mortgages from 1999-2011 at commercial banks and primary mortgage institutions in Nigeria. The results showed that GDP growth, borrower status, borrower default history, year as a borrower, bank relationship, loan supervision, collateral age, and collateral location were positively associated with loan recovery rates. Meanwhile, inflation growth, interest rates, collateral priority, and collateral revaluation were negatively associated with recovery rates. Other factors like loan-to-value ratio, loan size, and loan duration had insignificant but positive effects on recovery possibility.
A war on thrift? A perversion of the natural order? A mad experiment? As more central banks push their deposit rate structures into negative territory, a vigorous debate has erupted among economists, investors and policy officials about the appropriateness, effectiveness and consequences of negative interest rates.
This paper introduces an imperfectly competitive banking sector into a DSGE model to study the role of credit supply factors in business cycle fluctuations in the euro area. Banks issue loans to households and firms, obtain funding via deposits, and accumulate capital from retained earnings. Margins on loans depend on bank capital ratios and interest rate stickiness. Estimating the model with euro area data from 1999-2008, the paper finds that:
1) Shocks originating in the banking sector explain most of the output fall in 2008, while macroeconomic shocks played a smaller role.
2) An unexpected reduction in bank capital can significantly impact the real economy, especially investment.
3) Financial frictions amplify monetary policy effects,
the role of securitized lending and shadow banking in the 2008 financial cris...Debora Dyankova
The document discusses the role of securitized lending and shadow banking in the 2008 financial crisis. It argues that changes in regulations in the late 1990s connected traditional banking and investment banking, leading to growth of securitized lending and shadow banking. This resulted in a complex global system of interconnected financial institutions with large amounts of securitized assets being traded. The overreliance on securitized lending and lack of oversight of shadow banking contributed to the crisis, as seen when the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in 2008 triggered a global recession due to the domino effect across financial systems.
Horses Impossible Thrilling Audiences for over 20 yearsHorses Impossible
Latest brochure for horses Impossible.
For more info www.horsesimpossible.com
At Horses Impossible , we appreciate your business. If you have any questions or comments, feel free to let us know at info@horsesimpossible.com
Horses Impossible is a production house that creates live action stunt shows with horses for film, television, and events across Europe. They have provided horses for movies like Snow White and the Huntsmen, Jack the Giant Killer, and Pirates of the Caribbean. Their stunt shows include medieval jousting, Roman chariot racing, Cossack performances, and Wild West shows. They also host an annual music festival at Lulworth Castle that draws 40,000 people over 5 days.
This document discusses a business called Business Intelligence 4 Fitness that provides online training programs to reduce costs using big data and a focus on user experience. The company is led by CEO Fernando Pauer and CTO Eudes Nery Jr. and aims to use business intelligence and data analytics to improve their fitness training offerings.
Outsourcing Enabled Transformation This session will discuss the IT sourcing process used to separate a division (formerly MeadWestvaco Papers Group) to a stand alone company. The steps of understanding the business objectives that drive the IT strategy and execution will be outlined along with the do\'s and don\'t(s) of making a very complex transition process work with minimal customer impactThis presentation will also address the idea of using business oriented service level metrics to
Innovative Outsourcing Deal Structures by Trowbridge Group Innovative Outsourcing Deal Structures by Trowbridge Group Innovative Outsourcing Deal Structures by Trowbridge Group, Ben Trowbridge, CEO & Managing Partner, Trowbridge Group, outsourcing, innovative, January 25, 2005
The document analyzes projections for the global banking industry out to 2050. It finds that emerging economies' banking sectors will significantly outgrow developed economies' due to accelerating economic shifts. By 2050, leading emerging economies' (E7) domestic banking assets and profits could exceed those of developed nations (G7) by 50%. China may surpass the US as the largest banking sector by 2023. India also has strong long-term growth potential to become the third largest by 2050. The financial crisis accelerated these trends, bringing forward dates when emerging economies overtake developed ones in banking sector size.
The document discusses monetary policy challenges facing central banks in light of the financial crisis and ongoing economic recovery. It considers the pros and cons of maintaining a zero interest rate policy versus raising rates, and whether more quantitative easing may be needed. While communication of policy intentions can influence expectations, quantitative easing also carries risks if used too long. Overall central banks face difficult decisions about how to best support the economy while maintaining stability.
The study is based on why bank fail in Nigeria. The study found out that banks fails because low level of customer patronage; high expenditure and government policy
The document is the editorial note for the maiden edition of FirstBank's semi-annual publication, the FirstBank Review. It introduces the publication as a means for FirstBank to stimulate discussion on contemporary economic issues among decision makers. The editorial note highlights that the first issue will focus on "Unlocking the Domestic Credit Market" given the paradoxical situation where banks have excess liquidity but are reluctant to lend. It aims to explore the reasons for this credit conundrum and provide recommendations to help restore credit flows.
The document analyzes the state of the financial services industry in 2011 and presents a scenario for a future financial crisis in 2015. Key points:
1) In 2011, the global economy was recovering but new regulations were struggling to prevent risky behavior. Talent shifted to the shadow banking sector and emerging markets as growth opportunities.
2) By 2015 in the scenario, a shadow banking bubble and emerging market commodities bubble had formed and then burst, triggering a global recession. Sovereign debt crises in developed nations exacerbated the financial crisis.
3) The scenario aims to stress test new financial regulations and systems, and encourage considering multiple potential crisis scenarios rather than just predictions of the future. It shows regulations
The document summarizes some of the key risks facing the international banking system. It discusses how sovereign debt crises are destabilizing markets and economic growth is sluggish in developed nations. Banks face challenges including high credit risks in Europe, regulatory changes, and demanding customers. The main risks identified include default risk if borrowers fail to repay, financial risk from capital structure and debt levels, and business risk from uncertainty in markets and income.
Lesson 6 Discussion Forum Discussion assignments will beDioneWang844
Lesson 6 Discussion Forum :
Discussion assignments will be graded based upon the criteria and rubric specified in the Syllabus.
550 Words
For this Discussion Question, complete the following.
1. Review the two articles about bank failures and bank diversification that are found below this. Economic history assures us that the health of the banking industry is directly related to the health of the economy. Moreover, recessions, when combined with banking crisis, will result in longer and deeper recessions versus recessions that do occur with a healthy banking industry.
2. Locate two JOURNAL articles which discuss this topic further. You need to focus on the Abstract, Introduction, Results, and Conclusion. For our purposes, you are not expected to fully understand the Data and Methodology.
3. Summarize these journal articles. Please use your own words. No copy-and-paste. Cite your sources.
Please post (in APA format) your article citation.
Reply to Post 1: 160 words and Reference
Discussion on Bank’s failures and its diversification
Over the last two decades, business cycle volatility has decreased in the US. For example, some analysts claimed that companies handle inventory better today than ever, or that advances in financial systems have helped smooth industry volatility. Some emphasized stronger economic policy. Banking changes were also drastic in this same era, contributing to the restructuring and convergence of massive, global banking institutions in a better-organized structure. The article (Strahan, 2006) points out that some regulatory reform driven by individual countries rendered it possible for banks to preserve their resources and income by gradually diversifying from local downturns. Both low state volatility rates and a decline in partnerships between the local market and the central banking sector is a net influence on the diversification in banks. Considering the less fragile state economies following these intergovernmental financial reforms, there are some signs that financial convergence – while certainly not the only piece of the puzzle – has been less unpredictable.
Another article (Walter, 2005) argues that a long-standing reason for bank collapses during the crisis is a contagion, which contributes to systemic bank failures and the collapse of one bank initially. This indicates why several losses in the crisis period were unintentional, which ensured that the banks remained stable and endured without contagion-induced falls. The response to the contagion was the central government’s deposit policy, bringing an end to defaults. Nevertheless, since the sequence of errors began in the early 1920s, well before contagion was evident, the underlying trigger must be contagion.
Now it seems like the bank sector has undergone a shake-out that was worsened during the crisis by the deteriorating economic conditions. Although the reality that incidents occurred almost syno ...
Eurorient ron nechemia at the epicenter where the financial system meets the ...EurOrientF
The document summarizes an interview with Mr. Ron Nechemia, Chairman of EurOrient Financial Group, regarding the global financial crisis. In the interview, Mr. Nechemia accurately predicted the financial crisis and its impacts. He warns that strains on the global financial system will deepen the economic downturn. He calls for comprehensive reform of regulatory frameworks and new liquidity instruments to support developing countries. Mr. Nechemia emphasizes the need for a holistic approach and global cooperation to address interconnected challenges through this crisis.
This document discusses recommendations for restoring confidence in securitization markets following the 2008 financial crisis. It notes that securitization is important for credit availability but weaknesses were revealed. The Global Joint Initiative was launched by industry groups to implement recommendations and best practices. Based on research, the report identifies priorities like increasing transparency, standardizing practices, and addressing conflicts of interest. The goal is to restart securitization in a way that prevents future failures and supports economic growth.
The document discusses various theories of banking and their implications for macroeconomics. It covers the mainstream view that banks intermediate between savers and borrowers through the loanable funds market. Alternative post-Keynesian approaches see banks as creating money through lending, rather than intermediating existing money. Recent macro models have incorporated more detailed banking systems but still have limitations. Overall, the treatment of banks and credit is an area where mainstream and post-Keynesian theories diverge significantly.
The document discusses current economic and social challenges facing the financial sector, including lack of confidence, stalled economic growth, and new regulatory requirements. It argues that restoring confidence, promoting higher growth through responsible economic policies and citizen behavior, increasing capital reserves to meet new rules, and stronger fiscal and political integration in Europe could help address these challenges. Individuals should contribute through developing strong ethical values and entrepreneurial thinking. Working in investment management could provide opportunities to help reshape the financial industry.
Bank Performance Analysis Report: German System vs. Benelux System through two of their most representative banks. Overview, Financial Analysis, Financial Reporting, COmparative analysis, Conslusions.
Thiet ke Bao cao thuong nien - Mhb 2009Viết Nội Dung
This document is Mekong Housing Bank's (MHB) annual report for 2009. It summarizes 7 outstanding events that occurred in 2009, including establishing a customer care center and online customer service network. It reaffirms MHB's mission to be a leading bank for financial advice and customer service. The Chairman's statement discusses the challenges of the global financial crisis and Vietnam's economic difficulties in 2009. However, MHB was still able to achieve its business plan by following the government's economic stimulus policies and maintaining financial stability and social support. The Chairman expresses confidence that with continued strategy execution, 2010 will bring both challenges and opportunities for MHB to modernize operations with its new core banking system.
Reflections on the global crisis of 2008 and its possible economic, social an...Fernando Alcoforado
The document summarizes reflections on the global financial crisis of 2008 and its economic, social, and geopolitical impacts. It discusses the origins of the crisis in the US mortgage industry and the complex financial innovations that spread risk but also created opacity. The crisis had long-lasting effects, including a global economic slowdown, rising protectionism, and a shift in geopolitical power away from Western nations like the US towards emerging economies like China. It argues the crisis called into question assumptions about efficient markets and revealed underlying imbalances in the global economy.
The document discusses recent banking reforms and regulatory developments across several regions:
- In Asia, regulators are trying to manage rapid credit growth and excessive leverage while still stimulating their economies. Banks are enhancing risk management practices to assess borrowers' ability to repay.
- In Europe, the ECB will likely continue monetary stimulus in 2016 due to economic uncertainty. Another banking sector assessment may occur, extending regulatory scrutiny to more banks. Political and regulatory issues around implementing new rules could also arise.
- In Africa, countries have strengthened banking supervision and risk oversight. Reforms aim to increase resilience and integrate international standards. Accounting reforms and consolidated supervision are expanding across several regions. Continued reforms are still needed regarding issues like problem loans and
- Monetary financing or "helicopter money" involves central banks directly increasing money supply by crediting funds to government or individual accounts, bypassing traditional monetary policy tools. It is seen as a potential next step for central banks struggling with low growth and inflation.
- The document provides a checklist for considering helicopter money, examining factors like economic conditions, central bank credibility and independence, balance sheet constraints, and risks of losing control over inflation.
- While helicopter money could boost nominal growth and inflation, current economic data does not warrant it for major economies. More importantly, the approach risks undermining central bank credibility and ability to manage inflation expectations.
- After positive returns in the first three quarters of 2011, global markets saw negative returns in the second quarter due to normal volatility, though prospects for economic recession remain remote.
- While economic growth has slowed globally, it is still positive and temporary factors like disruptions from Japan's disasters and commodity price rises have contributed; leading indicators remain positive.
- European sovereign debt issues continue regarding some countries' debt levels and management, but efforts to address problems have been taken and debt is still seen as manageable.
- Outlook remains positive for continued growth in the second half of 2011 and beyond, though expect continued short-term market volatility; long-term discipline and diversification are recommended.
Private bankers are advising clients to focus on capital preservation amid high uncertainty and risk aversion following the global financial crisis. Most are recommending overweighting cash and corporate bonds, which are seen as relatively safe, while avoiding more risky assets like hedge funds. There is strong demand for fixed income, with many investors seeking decent yields by investing in emerging market debt on an unhedged basis, believing emerging market currencies will strengthen over the long run. Overall, the investment landscape is in a state of rapid change as old certainties have been disrupted and clients' expectations of their advisers are evolving.
Este documento descreve o Startup & Makers Camp, uma atividade da Campus Party Brasil dedicada a startups. O evento visa impulsionar o crescimento de startups participantes por meio de atividades, palestras e workshops focados nas diferentes fases do empreendedorismo. As startups são divididas em duas categorias - Early Stage e Growth Stage - e têm a oportunidade de exibir seus produtos e serviços.
This document provides an overview of the methodology used in developing the Scale-Up Report on UK Economic Growth. It involved forming expert committees to guide the work, reviewing academic literature on business growth, conducting workshops and interviews with hundreds of practitioners and policymakers, surveying over 300 scale-up leaders, analyzing over 75 initiatives supporting scale-ups, and commissioning analyses of the potential economic impacts of closing the UK's scale-up gap. The report aims to understand barriers to business growth and provide recommendations based on extensive research and stakeholder input.
Up Global - Fostering a startup ecosystem (full report)Startupi
This document discusses key ingredients for fostering successful startup ecosystems, focusing on talent, density, culture, capital, and regulatory environment. Regarding talent, it emphasizes investing in education and workforce training, creating flexible labor markets, and promoting immigration and diversity. For density, it stresses the importance of clusters and physical hubs in bringing talented people together to increase innovation. Culture focuses on promoting entrepreneurship through role models, accepting failure, and teaching entrepreneurial skills. Capital looks at ensuring startups have access to financing. And regulatory environment examines creating a stable, predictable environment for entrepreneurs and investors.
Up global - fomentando ecossistema de startupsStartupi
O documento discute cinco ingredientes essenciais para fomentar um ecossistema próspero de startups: talento, densidade, cultura, capital e regulamentos. Ao trabalharem juntos, esses fatores ajudam a promover ecossistemas de sucesso e capacitam os empreendedores.
Este documento apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o perfil de investidores anjo no Brasil. A maioria dos investidores anjo são empresários e executivos de São Paulo com idades entre 30 e 49 anos. Eles dedicam em média 16,4% de seu tempo a investimentos anjo e pretendem investir R$ 338.658 nos próximos 2 anos principalmente em TI e internet.
Os pequenos negócios contribuem cada vez mais para a economia brasileira, respondendo por 27% do PIB em 2011, em comparação com 21% em 2001. Os setores de serviços e comércio são os que mais empregam micro e pequenas empresas. A legislação brasileira tem evoluído para apoiar esses negócios, por meio de leis como o Simples Nacional e a figura do Microempreendedor Individual.
Eric Migicovsky founded Pebble Technology to create a smartwatch called the Pebble. After receiving seed funding from Y Combinator, the Pebble launched through a successful crowdfunding campaign in 2012. The Pebble had a long battery life of 5-7 days and basic smartwatch functionality like notifications and apps. It was waterproof and came with a variety of watch faces and apps, establishing Pebble as the first smartwatch company.
Wearable devices are becoming increasingly integrated into users' clothing and accessories. The wearable technology market is expected to grow significantly over the next few years. Wearables can provide real-time information access, sensory and physiological tracking, and be used in areas like health, fitness, navigation and gaming. Examples include watches, glasses, contact lenses, hats, rings and bracelets. The future of wearables is focused on expanding usage in healthcare, fitness, virtual and augmented reality, and becoming additional screens beyond smartphones and computers.
This document provides information about entrepreneurship and suggests potential business ideas for children. It defines an entrepreneur as an adventurous person who takes risks by starting their own business. The document then asks a series of questions to help children identify a business idea that fits their interests, which could include areas like science, fashion, cooking, animals, or crafts. Examples of potential youth businesses presented include a mobile pet grooming service, bakery, crafts shop, or lemonade stand. The document encourages children to work hard and follow their dreams in becoming entrepreneurs.
Memorando Marco Civil da Internet (Baptista Luz Advogados)Startupi
O documento resume as principais mudanças trazidas pela Lei do Marco Civil da Internet para as empresas brasileiras, incluindo: 1) novas regras sobre privacidade de dados dos usuários e proteção de informações pessoais; 2) deveres relacionados à guarda de registros de acesso por provedores; e 3) limitação da responsabilidade civil de provedores por conteúdos de terceiros.
Extending internet access in developing countries has the potential to generate significant economic and social benefits:
- Increased internet access could raise GDP by $2.2 trillion and lift over 160 million people out of extreme poverty. It could also generate over 140 million new jobs.
- Improved access to information online could save nearly 2.5 million lives from better disease prevention and management of conditions like HIV/AIDS. It could also reduce child mortality and increase life expectancy.
- An additional 640 million children may be able to access educational resources online, improving learning outcomes and making populations more employable overall.
O documento resume a história e os principais marcos do MercadoLivre desde seu lançamento em 1999 até 2014. Destaca seu crescimento para se tornar o maior site de comércio eletrônico da América Latina, com operações em 13 países, e o décimo site mais visitado no Brasil.
As novas leis de Kepler para investimento anjo em startupStartupi
O documento discute estratégias para obter investimento em startups, incluindo como encontrar investidores anjos adequados, apresentar com sucesso sua ideia e entender o que os investidores procuram. Reconhece que o apoio de investidores anjos vai além de dinheiro e inclui mentoria, networking e suporte para ajudar startups a terem sucesso.
I. O documento discute startups que estão "mortas", mas não sabem, comparando-as a zumbis.
II. São fornecidos dez sinais para identificar se uma startup foi "mordida" e se tornou um "zumbi".
III. O documento também discute como startups podem se manter "vivas" através de técnicas como pivôs, validação precoce de hipóteses com clientes e busca constante do encaixe produto-mercado.
Cultura do Fracasso: apresentação de Romero Rodrigues na final do Desafio B...Startupi
O documento descreve a história da empresa Buscapé, começando com sua fundação em 1998 por 4 estudantes até se tornar uma das maiores empresas de comércio eletrônico do Brasil através de crescimento orgânico e aquisições. Ele detalha os desafios iniciais da empresa, sua expansão internacional, mudanças culturais, estratégias de inovação e aquisição, além de discutir a importância da cultura do fracasso.
Justificação inicial da lei SisTENET de isenção para startupsStartupi
Este projeto de lei propõe o Sistema de Tratamento Especial a Novas Empresas de Tecnologia (SisTENET) para fornecer incentivos fiscais temporários, como isenção de impostos por até 4 anos, para startups de tecnologia. O projeto define startups elegíveis e os benefícios do SisTENET, incluindo a transição automática para o Simples após o período de isenção.
Relatório com parecer favorável à lei de isenção para startupsStartupi
O documento resume um parecer da Comissão de Assuntos Econômicos sobre um projeto de lei que propõe um sistema de tratamento tributário diferenciado para novas empresas de tecnologia. O relatório analisa formalmente o projeto e suas emendas, concluindo que as emendas corrigem deficiências na redação original e que o mérito da proposta é louvável por apoiar pequenas empresas de tecnologia. O voto é pela aprovação do projeto com as emendas propostas.
Apresentação resultado Start-Up Brasil atualizadoStartupi
Este documento resume o resultado da primeira chamada de seleção de startups para o programa Startup Brasil. 56 startups foram aprovadas, incluindo 37 startups internacionais de diversos países. As startups aprovadas serão aceleradas por diferentes aceleradoras localizadas em várias cidades brasileiras.
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