The role of media
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The document discusses different models of the role of media and public opinion in foreign policy analysis (FPA). It outlines the pluralist model, where power is dispersed and media/publics are independent, allowing both to impact FPA. It also describes the elite model, where power is concentrated among elites who dominate politics and society, using media as mouthpieces that do not influence FPA. The document then gives examples of the watchdog role of media in representing public opinions, and cases where media were unable to perceive issues objectively due to ideological biases. It concludes by defining procedural and substantive media criticism and influence on foreign policy justifications and decisions.
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Public opinion polls have been used since 1916 to estimate public views on issues. George Gallup's polls were more accurate than Literary Digest polls in 1936 because Gallup used random sampling. Traditional polls determine question wording and sample selection carefully but have shortcomings like margin of error. People form opinions based on self-interest, beliefs, cues from leaders, ideology, and knowledge. The media landscape has evolved from partisan print to radio, TV, and online/social media. The government regulates media through the FCC while respecting free press. Media cover politics through press releases and conferences but focus more on negativity.
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
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◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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The role of media
- 1. The Role of Media and Public Opinion International Ataturk Alatoo University Department of International Relations Lecturer: Ibrahim Koncak Student:Saida Umarova Group: IR-4
- 5. Analyzing debates provides the foundation for understanding how media matters for IR. Pluralist model – power is dispersed through the society; so media and publics are independent from political influence. Both media and public opinion have impact on FPA. Elite model – power is concentrated within the elite groups, who dominate politics and society. Media – mouthpiece for government officials, doesn’t influence FPA.
- 6. Media facilitates full and open debate on important issues. “Fourth” branch of government; watchdog function – representing the opinions of the public.
- 7. The result of anti- communist ideology was that journalists were unable to perceive that Vietnam war as anything but necessary and just struggle against communism.
- 8. The term procedural is used to describe media criticism and influence that relates to debates over the actual implementation of policy decisions
- 9. The term substantive has been used to describe criticism and influence that relates to the underlying justifications and rationale for particular foreign policies
- 10. The Role of Media and Public Opinion International Ataturk Alatoo University Department of International Relations Subject:Political Science and Political Theory II Lecturer: Ibrahim Koncak Student: Farida Umurzakova Group: IR-4