Dennis Dunmyer, BBA, MSW, JD, Vice President of Behavioral Health and Community Programs, Kansas City CARE Clinic
Learning Objectives:
1. Explore the approach to Missouri’s Community Health Worker workforce.
2. Discuss the role of school-based health care in preventative medicine.
3. Discuss examples of workplace wellness programs that create healthier employees while improving an organization’s bottom line.
Presentation delivered by Dr Awad Mataria, Regional Adviser, Health Systems Development at the 62nd Session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean
Dennis Dunmyer, BBA, MSW, JD, Vice President of Behavioral Health and Community Programs, Kansas City CARE Clinic
Learning Objectives:
1. Explore the approach to Missouri’s Community Health Worker workforce.
2. Discuss the role of school-based health care in preventative medicine.
3. Discuss examples of workplace wellness programs that create healthier employees while improving an organization’s bottom line.
Presentation delivered by Dr Awad Mataria, Regional Adviser, Health Systems Development at the 62nd Session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean
Definition of community participation
Importance of community participation
Participation as amean and as an end
Core features of community participation
Factors that affect community participation positively
Archtypes of community participation
Sociocultural context of health and health care deliveryChantal Settley
Student should be able to understand the rich diversity of cultures in a multicultural society such as South Africa and throughout the world.
Student should be able to apply the sociocultural knowledge in the different health care settings.
Are you thinking about starting a new community project? We'll guide you through the steps of conducting a community assessment, and teach you how to use the results to design a project aligned with the goals of our areas of focus so it is eligible for global grant funding.
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
Definition of community participation
Importance of community participation
Participation as amean and as an end
Core features of community participation
Factors that affect community participation positively
Archtypes of community participation
Sociocultural context of health and health care deliveryChantal Settley
Student should be able to understand the rich diversity of cultures in a multicultural society such as South Africa and throughout the world.
Student should be able to apply the sociocultural knowledge in the different health care settings.
Are you thinking about starting a new community project? We'll guide you through the steps of conducting a community assessment, and teach you how to use the results to design a project aligned with the goals of our areas of focus so it is eligible for global grant funding.
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
A growing number of elderly with chronic diseases or disabilities require a family caregiver, or several, for physical, emotional, and financial support; for daily activities and medical.
Medical advances, new drugs, improved technology, and possible preventive strategies might be decreasing mortality and extending life. Since the 1970’s, medical care has resulted in a progressive shift from “care in the community to care by the community.”
This oral presentation was given at the International Congress on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, AIIMS 2009.
Speaking at the 2015 CCIH Annual Conference, Dr. Henry Perry of Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health describes the enormously successful approach of the NGO BRAC, which began in Bangladesh and has since grown well beyond the nation, to alleviate poverty and improve health.
INTRODUCTION
The concept of “Primary Health Care” came into existence, following a joint WHO-UNICEF International Conference at Alma-Ata, USSR on 12th September 1978.
The governments of 134 Countries and many voluntary agencies at Alma-Ata Conference called for acceptance of WHO goal of “Health for All by 2000 AD” and proclaimed Primary Health Care as a way to achieving Health for All.
This approach has been described as “Health by the people” and “placing people’s health in people’s hand”.
Primary Health Care is the first level of contact of individuals, the family and community with the national health system, where essential health care is provided.
At this level that health care will be most effective within the context of the area’s need and limitations.
DEFINITION
• Primary Health Care is defined as,
“Essential health care based on practical, scientifically, sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that community and the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-determination.”
• The Alma-Ata Conference defined Primary Health Care as follows: -
“Primary health care is essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them, through their full participation and at a cost the community and country can afford.”
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
• It is essential health care, which is based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology.
• It should be rendered universally acceptable to individuals and the families in the community through their full participations.
• Its availability should be at a cost, which the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in a spirit of self-reliance and self-development.
• It requires joint efforts of the health sector and other health related sector like education, food and agriculture, social welfare, animal husbandry, housing, etc.
ELEMENTS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
The Alma-Ata Declaration has outlined 8 essential components of Primary health care,
1. Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them.
2. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition.
3. An adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation.
4. Maternal and child health care, including family planning.
5. Immunization against major infectious diseases.
6. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases.
7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries.
8. Provision of essential drugs.
PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
1) Equitable distribution: -
Health service must be shared equally by all people irrespective to their ability to pay.
Primary health care aims to redress ‘Social injustice’ by shifting the centre of gravity of health care system from c
Health Aspect of 12th five year plan in IndiaVikash Keshri
India's 12th Five year plan is widely believed to be Health Plan. Presentation summarizes the major highlights from Health chapter of 12th Plan of India.
Similar to The Role of Community Health Workers in Delivering Primary Healthcare in Resource Constrained Settings (20)
The Role of Community Health Workers in Delivering Primary Healthcare in Resource Constrained Settings
1. The Role of Community Health Workers in
Delivering Primary Healthcare in Resource
Constrained Settings
What Has Worked and What Has Not:
A Review of Literature
Waqas Abrar
Staff Officer for Programmes
Population Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
2. Who are community health workers?
World Health Organization defines Community Health
Workers as follows:
“CHWs should be members of the communities where
they work, should be selected by the communities,
should be answerable to the communities for their
activities, should be supported by the health system but
not necessarily a part of its organization and have
shorter training than professional worker” (Lehmann &
Sanders 2007).
3. Global workforce of CHWs
• Approximately 1.3 million CHWs globally-both
paid and unpaid (WHO)
• Lack of organized systems in developing
countries to record CHWs
• Recent evidence suggests approximately 5
million CHWs worldwide (Perry, Zulliger and Rogers
2014)
4. What do CHWs do? Global Evidence
• A strategy to address growing shortage of health
workers, particularly in low-income countries
• Selected, trained and work in the communities they
belong to
• No generalized concept to profile CHWs
internationally – vary from country to country
• Work in accordance with local societal and cultural
norms to ensure community acceptance and
ownership
• Implement effective health interventions
• Likely to have substantial impact on health outcomes
5. Objectives of Research
• To review the global scientific evidence regarding
– Strengths of various CHW programs
– Factors to ensure their community acceptance and ownership
– Factors comprising the effectiveness of CHWs
• To make policy recommendations to take up CHW
Models in marginalized and uncovered communities in
Balochistan
6. History of CHW Programs:
Country-Specific Examples
• China (1950s): Barefoot doctor program – were farmers who
received minimal basic medical and paramedical training and
worked in rural villages in China
• Niger (1960s): CHW program implemented by the government
focusing on the training of village health workers and
birth attendants
• Ghana (1970s): Introduced community village health workers
in villages to implement primary healthcare strategies
• Iran (1970s): CHWs called ‘Behvarz’ hired with specialized
training to provide healthcare services to the rural population
• Indonesia (1980s): Village health volunteers, selected and
paid by local communities, became part of health posts set up
within each district
8. What Works What Does not Work
• Satisfactory remuneration/ Material
Incentives/financial incentives
• Possibility of future paid
employment
• Community recognition and respect of
CHW work
• Acquisition of valued skills
• Personal growth and development
• Identification (badge, shirt) and job aids
• Identification of clear roles and
responsibilities through a
documented job description
• Proper recruitment and selection
• Initial and refresher trainings
• Supportive Supervision
• Inconsistent remuneration
• Inequitable distribution of incentives
among different types of community
workers
• Community leaders not involved in
the section of CHWs
• CHW not hailing from community
• Inadequate refresher training and
supervision
• Excessive demands/time constraints
• No clear job description
• Scope of work and targets not based
on realistic expectations
• Lack of transportation for CHWs and
their supervisor
• Weak referral system
• Poor coordination between CHWs
and facility based staff
9. Falahi Worker Model (Pakistan)
Linking mobilization with services
FALAH project of the PopulationCouncil
introduced and tested an innovative approach
in 6 districts of Pakistan to enhance Birth
Spacing services in areas not covered by
LHWs:
• FalahiWorkers were volunteers identified
from within the community by community
members
• FalahiWorkers conducted group meetings
with MWRA and their husbands
Result: Women who attended group meetings and home visits by Falahi
workers increased their contraceptive prevalence rate to 53% whilst those who
didn’t have group meetings and home visits had their contraceptive prevalence
rate stagnant at 17%
10. Marvi Workers Model in Pakistan
• Health And Nutrition Development Society (HANDS)
implemented a successfulCHW Program in Rural Areas, not
covered by LHWs, of Sindh entitled “Marvi Workers”
• The Model trained uneducated rural women in basic healthcare,
outreach and entrepreneurial skills
• The intervention empowered rural women and communities in
improving Reproductive health and family planning services
11. Recommendations for Balochistan Government
• 7000 Lady HealthWorkers are too few for a population of 9
million
• CHWs can play an increasingly significant role in healthcare
delivery in LHWs uncovered areas
• Establish policy and principles to which the CHW programs
should adhere to in the districts and should be integrated into
Provincial health Strategy
• NGOs and development partners can assist in providing technical
support to establish standards forCHW cadres that are rooted in
best and evidence-based practices.
