The Rise of Russia

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Tom Richey

http://www.tomrichey.net A short account of the Rise of Russia from the late Middle Ages to Ivan the Terrible

Education

This is a follow-up to my lecture on Stuart Absolutism and the English Civil War, beginning with the Restoration of Charles II and ending with the Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights. The Restoration monarchs (Charles II and James II) each had an uneasy relationship with Parliament. James II had an especially hard time as a Catholic monarch ruling a Protestant nation. In 1688, James' son-in-law, William of Orange, invaded England upon the invitation of Parliament and overthrew James. William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights, bringing in a new era of cooperation between the Crown and Parliament.

The Philosophes (Enlightenment Thinkers)

Tom Richey

During the Age of Enlightenment, the "philosophes" (French for philosopher) championed enlightened values of empiricism, freedom, science, reason, progress, and religious toleration. The Philosophes hailed from several European nations, such as France (Voltaire, Diderot, Montesquieu, Rousseau), Prussia (Kant), Scotland (Smith), and the United States (Jefferson, Franklin, Paine). This PowerPoint presentation was designed to accompany a lecture on the Enlightenment for courses in Western Civilization, World History, and European History. For more instructional materials, check out my website: http://www.tomrichey.net

Absolutist Prussia

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This PowerPoint presentation was created to accompany a lecture on the development of absolutism in Prussia in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Frederick William, the Great Elector, began building an absolutist state in Brandenburg-Prussia after the Thirty Years' War. This state was completed by his grandson, Frederick William I, the "Soldier King" of Prussia. The Fredericks built an absolutist state based on the principle of militarism, creating a military machine that was the envy of all of Europe. Prussia was the 12th largest nation in Europe and had the 4th largest army. Quite a ratio! For more instructional materials for AP European History, visit http://www.tomrichey.net!

Reform in Britain (1815-1848)

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As conditions for the working class worsened in industrialized Britain in the early 19th century, Karl Marx predicted that the British workers would rise up in a violent proletarian revolution. However, this was not to be, as Parliament embraced modest reforms to curb some of the most flagrant economic and social ills facing the nation at the time. Topics Covered include rotten boroughs, the Chartists, and the Corn Laws

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Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke

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http://www.tomrichey.net This PowerPoint presentation was made to accompany a lecture on Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in both European History and American Government courses. Hobbes' Leviathan and Locke's Two Treatises of Government are both discussed. Hobbes and Locke are compared and contrasted with a graphic organizer at the end of the presentation. Visit my YouTube channel (www.youtube.com/tomforamerica) to see the lecture that goes with these slides!

German Unification

Tom Richey

http://www.tomrichey.net The Stadtholders held a key position in the Dutch Republic... but what exactly was that position? While spending a month in the Netherlands, I decided to inquire about the nature of this very important - but complicated - office. The Stadtholders were initially "placeholders" for rulers of the Netherlands, but evolved into rebel leaders and eventually republican heads of state.

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Mercantilism was an economic system - popular in early modern Europe - that measured national wealth by the accumulation of precious metals through a favorable balance of trade. In order to accumulate bullion, architects of mercantilist economic systems focused on building self-sufficient economies that limited the need for imports. One of the most famous mercantilists was Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV's Minister of Finances.

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http://www.tomrichey.net This PowerPoint was designed to accompany a lecture on the history of the English Reformation. The English Reformation began with a controversy over Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. In order to ensure an orderly succession (and to marry the much more attractive Anne Boleyn), Henry steered the Act of Supremacy through Parliament, which declared him to be the Supreme Head of the Church of England. While Henry dissolved the monasteries and established the Anglican Church as separate from Rome, he made no major changes to Catholic doctrine (which he had defended in the early days of the Reformation). Following Henry's death, England went through religious tumult during the short reigns of his more aggressively Protestant son, Edward VI, and his even more aggressively Catholic daughter, Mary I (aka, "Bloody Mary"). It took Elizabeth I's 44 year reign to establish England as a Protestant kingdom.

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http://www.tomrichey.net While Martin Luther started the Reformation, John Calvin had as great an impact on European History a generation later when he published his Institutes of the Christian Religion. John Calvin was the first reformer to construct a systematic theology around Reformation principles. Calvin's theology is built around the concept of the sovereignty of God and completely negates any role for free will or human agency in the process of salvation. According to Calvinist doctrine, God predestined an Elect to be saved before the beginning of time. When Calvinists took over a church, they whitewashed the interior and got rid of all paintings and statues. They also dressed in simple clothing, rejecting fashionable ornamentation. Although Calvin lived and taught in Switzerland, Calvinist communities sprang up throughout Europe, where they were known as Huguenots (France), Presbyterians (Scotland), Puritans and Separatists (England).

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