This document outlines various rhetorical tools that can be used when constructing a text in response to a situation or problem. It discusses the exigency or cause that creates a need for a response, the aims or intended outcomes, and the intended audience. It also describes rhetorical appeals such as logos, pathos, and ethos that can be used to convince the audience. Additionally, it mentions organizational structures, word choice, sentence structure, sensory details, figurative language, and tone as rhetorical tools that an author can deliberately employ.
Post structuralism and Death of the AuthorRohitVyas25
In this presentation, a critical theory of post structuralism is shown with the critical essay "Death of the Author" written by a French critic Roland Barthes.
μια αναλυτική προσέγγιση στο πο'ιημα του γιώργου σεφέρη - "ελένη": ερμηνευτική ανάλυση των νοημάτων, κατανόηση του ιστορικού πλαισίου, επεξήγηση του συμβολισμού, πραγματολογικά στοιχεία, εκφραστικά μέσα και τεχνικές
Post structuralism and Death of the AuthorRohitVyas25
In this presentation, a critical theory of post structuralism is shown with the critical essay "Death of the Author" written by a French critic Roland Barthes.
μια αναλυτική προσέγγιση στο πο'ιημα του γιώργου σεφέρη - "ελένη": ερμηνευτική ανάλυση των νοημάτων, κατανόηση του ιστορικού πλαισίου, επεξήγηση του συμβολισμού, πραγματολογικά στοιχεία, εκφραστικά μέσα και τεχνικές
Definition of Ethos and How to Use it1. Trustworthiness Does y.docxrandyburney60861
Definition of Ethos and How to Use it
1. Trustworthiness Does your audience believe you are a good person who can be trusted to tell the truth?
2. Similarity Does the writer try to get the reader to identify with him or her? This can be done through language
3. Authority Does the writer have formal or informal authority? Does the writer try to relate to the reader?
4. Reputation What are the expertise the writer uses? How many does he use? What are their areas of authority?
Logos: Logical reasoning, which has two bases:
Deductive reasoning, and
Inductive reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning generally start with one or more premises, and then comes to a conclusion from them. Premises can be facts, claims, evidence, or a previously proven conclusion. The key is that in a deductive argument, if the writer’s premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
1. Education determines one’s class base.
2. One’s class base will shape one’s employment.
3. Therefore, education will determine one’s employment.
Inductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning is similar in that it consists of premises, which lead to a conclusion. The difference is that the conclusion is not guaranteed to be true — we can only state it with some degree of confidence.
For example, consider the following inductive argument:
5. All Six Minutes articles you have read in the past were insightful. (premise)
6. This is a Six Minutes article. (premise)
Therefore, this article is insightful. (conclusion)
How to Identify Logos
Make it Understandable: Does the writer make the argument understandable? What tools does he or she use to do this?
Make it Logical: Does the arguments make sense? Or does the writer require the reader to make an extreme leap of faith? How easy is it for the writer to make a connection to the argument?
Make it Real: Does the writer make the argument real? Is the argument concrete or abstract?
The language plain language: Does the writer use technical jargon or is a portion of language used for a specific reader that isn’t familiar with the reader?
Does the writer use short words and phrases over long and convoluted counterparts?
The language is explicit: Does the writer make his or her argument plain? What techniques does he or she use to establish explicit argument?
The writer uses a couple premises, to establish his or her position? Are they relatable? Do they show relationship between them? “And these five advantages — capital costs, scheduling, inventory control, marketing, and employee satisfaction — together make this a winning proposal.”
Trace sequences or processes in order.
Does the writer jump around to different places or is there an order to his or her steps that create clarity or confusion for the reader?
Use comparisons, analogies, and metaphors.
Does the writer introduce new concepts, with an appropriate analogy which helps the audience understand the new concept in terms of how they already understand the old one?.
we can look at a clean copy of the text with analytic eyes
First task with text will be to look generally at five points:
audience
theme & intention
methods of development
tone
emotion
Role of Speaker
Informative Speakers Are Objective
Most public speaking texts discuss three general purposes for speeches: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain. Although these general purposes are theoretically distinct, in practice, they tend to overlap. Even in situations when the occasion calls for an informative speech (one which enhances understanding),
often persuasive and entertaining elements are present. First, all informative speeches have a persuasive component by virtue of the fact that the speaker tries to convince the audience that the facts presented are accurate (Harlan, 1993). Second, a well-written speech can make even the most dry, technical information entertaining through engaging illustrations, colorful language, unusual facts, and powerful visuals.
Informative Speakers are Credible
An objective approach also enhances a speaker’s credibility. Credibility, or ethos, refers to an audience’s perception that the speaker is well prepared and qualified to speak on a topic (Fraleigh & Tuman, 2011). Peterson, Stephan, and White (1992) explain that there are two kinds of credibility; the reputation that precedes you
before you give your speech (antecedent credibility) and the credibility you develop during the course of your speech (consequent credibility). In many cases, the
audience has no prior knowledge of the speaker, so they make judgments about the quality of the evidence and arguments in the speech. In addition, they look at and listen to the speaker to determine if s/he is a reliable source of information.
Informative Speakers Are Knowledgeable
Good informative speeches contain a number of different source citations throughout the speech. To show that the information you present is accurate
Term Definition Allegory an extended symbol that lasts for.docxbradburgess22840
Term Definition
Allegory an extended symbol that lasts for the duration of the entire narrative
Alliteration
repetition of consonant sounds; (try to trick ten tiny teens) or Peter Piper picked a pack of
pickeled peppers.
Allusion a reference to something else
Archetypes symbolic elements that recur in different cultures
Assonance repetition of vowel sounds; (Owls owe our only ounce)
Author The person who wrote the text.
Diction Word Choice, determines tone
Dynamic character changes over time
First-person singular narrator
Internal; narrator uses the first person pronoun “I”
(first-person plural- “we”, less common)
Flat Character Behaves in an expected manner
Foil a character held up consistently as a contrast to another character.
Foreshadowing clues as to what is to come ahead
Illusion like a mirage or a ghost, a vision that is not real
In media res in the middle of things
Irony
when the intended meaning is the opposite to what is written or said.
(It says one thing but means the reverse)
Limited narrator external; access to thoughts and feelings of one character.
Metaphor More explicit comparison (she is the sun)
Narrative a story, whether true or fictional, that is told by a narrator
Narrator The person in the text who tells the story.
Omniscient narrator external; has access to thoughts and feelings of all characters.
Onomatopoeia words that sound like what they mean (splish splash)
Oxymoron a combination of contradictory ideas (wise fool)
Personification An inanimate object displays human behavior. (The rock talks)
Round Character Has a psychological complexity
Second person narrator
could be internal or external. Addresses “you”. Less common.
Turns reader into character in story.
Simile comparison using like or as; She is like the sun.
Static Character remains the same over time
Stock character represent a "type," often like a cliché
Symbol something that stands for something else
Syntax Sentence structure
Third-person narrator
External; refers to all characters through pronouns he, she, they.
Narrator is not a character in the action.
Tone writer's attitude toward
Unreliable narrator
often a 1
st
person narrator is unreliable.
Unknowingly reveals character flaws.
RHET 1302
Essay #1: Rhetorical Analysis
Submit: Upload online through the TurnItIn assignment button
The submission button will not be visible until the week before the assignment is due
You will also upload your draft this way
Length: 3-4 FULL pages with Works Cited (Works Cited does not count towards page total)
Sources: One speech
Points: Final (100 points), Full Draft (20 points)
Purpose: Rhetoric is the art of effective communication, or as Aristotle stated, “the ability to see or
identify in any given circumstance the available means of persuasion.” In Rhetoric, we focus on “how”
people are communicating rather than simply what they are saying. This.
This file defines for researchers and editors the most important notes about scientific writing and prose according to the APA style. It elaborates the proper usage of some linguistic devices, shows how to be precise, clear, smooth and logical in writing.
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https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
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