The document summarizes a research presentation on building quantum probabilistic models for decision making under uncertainty. It discusses:
1) Current Bayesian network models require manual parameter tuning and do not scale well for complex scenarios.
2) The presentation proposes a quantum-like Bayesian network that uses quantum interference effects and converts classical probabilities to quantum amplitudes.
3) A key challenge is that the number of quantum parameters grows exponentially large, making predictions sensitive and uncertain.
Quantum-Like Bayesian Networks using Feynman's Path Diagram RulesCatarina Moreira
- The document discusses building a quantum probabilistic model to make automatic predictions in situations that violate the Sure Thing Principle, such as in two-stage gambling games.
- It develops a quantum-like Bayesian network approach using Feynman's path diagrams and represents random variables as vectors to calculate quantum parameters based on cosine similarity.
- When applied to experimental data on two-stage gambling games, the model was able to predict outcomes with an overall error of 4.16%, showing potential for the quantum-like Bayesian network approach.
Differences between Classical and Quantum Probability.
Quantum probability provides a general framework to explain paradoxical findings that cannot be explained through classical probability theory.
Differences between Classical and Quantum Probability.
Quantum probability provides a general framework to explain paradoxical findings that cannot be explained through classical probability theory.
1) The document discusses artifact removal in biomedical signal processing. Artifacts are noises or interferences that occur during signal acquisition and need to be removed.
2) It provides an overview of the biomedical signal processing system, which involves collecting signals from patients using transducers, isolating and amplifying the signals, digitizing them, and then performing artifact removal and other signal processing before analysis by physicians.
3) Artifact removal is the first step in signal processing and conditions the signal by removing noise to isolate the underlying biological signal of interest. The document reviews concepts needed for artifact removal techniques, such as stationarity, autocorrelation, and the differences between ensemble and time averaging.
Fuzzy cognitive map and Rough Sets in Decision MakingDrATAMILARASIMCA
1) Fuzzy cognitive maps and rough set theory can be used for decision making. Fuzzy cognitive maps use nodes and weighted connections to represent relationships between concepts. Rough set theory uses approximations to deal with vagueness in data.
2) Fuzzy cognitive maps can be constructed by assigning weights to connections between concepts or using linguistic variables. Experts provide input to determine concepts and connections. Individual maps can be combined by averaging weights of common concepts.
3) Fuzzy cognitive maps function similarly to neural networks and can be trained or learned using algorithms like differential Hebbian learning. An inference algorithm is used to update concept values iteratively until reaching a fixed point or limit cycle.
This document describes a novel statistical damage detection approach using unsupervised support vector machines (SVM). It aims to identify damage in structural components through vibration-based methods. The proposed approach builds a statistical model through unsupervised learning, avoiding the need for measurements from damaged structures. It is computationally efficient even with large numbers of features and does not suffer from local minima problems like artificial neural networks. Numerical simulations show the approach can accurately detect both the occurrence and location of damage.
Continuous Sentiment Intensity Prediction based on Deep LearningYunchao He
This document discusses sentiment analysis and techniques for predicting sentiment intensity as valence-arousal values. It introduces convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for sentiment analysis that represent words as dense vectors and learn relationships between words and sentiment through convolutional and pooling layers. CNN models outperform lexicon-based methods in predicting valence-arousal ratings, with mean squared error rates ranging from 0.61 to 2.25 across datasets. Transfer learning is proposed to improve performance by pre-training a CNN on sentiment classification tasks and fine-tuning it for valence-arousal prediction.
1. The document introduces an algorithm to find optimal weighted distributions by minimizing the distance between a weighted sample distribution and a target distribution.
2. It applies this algorithm to the case of two populations, finding optimal weights to construct a weighted distribution using the population distributions.
3. The algorithm is then extended to the general case of N populations, and numerical applications are presented using financial time series data to model uncertainty over time as new information becomes available.
Quantum-Like Bayesian Networks using Feynman's Path Diagram RulesCatarina Moreira
- The document discusses building a quantum probabilistic model to make automatic predictions in situations that violate the Sure Thing Principle, such as in two-stage gambling games.
- It develops a quantum-like Bayesian network approach using Feynman's path diagrams and represents random variables as vectors to calculate quantum parameters based on cosine similarity.
- When applied to experimental data on two-stage gambling games, the model was able to predict outcomes with an overall error of 4.16%, showing potential for the quantum-like Bayesian network approach.
Differences between Classical and Quantum Probability.
Quantum probability provides a general framework to explain paradoxical findings that cannot be explained through classical probability theory.
Differences between Classical and Quantum Probability.
Quantum probability provides a general framework to explain paradoxical findings that cannot be explained through classical probability theory.
1) The document discusses artifact removal in biomedical signal processing. Artifacts are noises or interferences that occur during signal acquisition and need to be removed.
2) It provides an overview of the biomedical signal processing system, which involves collecting signals from patients using transducers, isolating and amplifying the signals, digitizing them, and then performing artifact removal and other signal processing before analysis by physicians.
3) Artifact removal is the first step in signal processing and conditions the signal by removing noise to isolate the underlying biological signal of interest. The document reviews concepts needed for artifact removal techniques, such as stationarity, autocorrelation, and the differences between ensemble and time averaging.
Fuzzy cognitive map and Rough Sets in Decision MakingDrATAMILARASIMCA
1) Fuzzy cognitive maps and rough set theory can be used for decision making. Fuzzy cognitive maps use nodes and weighted connections to represent relationships between concepts. Rough set theory uses approximations to deal with vagueness in data.
2) Fuzzy cognitive maps can be constructed by assigning weights to connections between concepts or using linguistic variables. Experts provide input to determine concepts and connections. Individual maps can be combined by averaging weights of common concepts.
3) Fuzzy cognitive maps function similarly to neural networks and can be trained or learned using algorithms like differential Hebbian learning. An inference algorithm is used to update concept values iteratively until reaching a fixed point or limit cycle.
This document describes a novel statistical damage detection approach using unsupervised support vector machines (SVM). It aims to identify damage in structural components through vibration-based methods. The proposed approach builds a statistical model through unsupervised learning, avoiding the need for measurements from damaged structures. It is computationally efficient even with large numbers of features and does not suffer from local minima problems like artificial neural networks. Numerical simulations show the approach can accurately detect both the occurrence and location of damage.
Continuous Sentiment Intensity Prediction based on Deep LearningYunchao He
This document discusses sentiment analysis and techniques for predicting sentiment intensity as valence-arousal values. It introduces convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for sentiment analysis that represent words as dense vectors and learn relationships between words and sentiment through convolutional and pooling layers. CNN models outperform lexicon-based methods in predicting valence-arousal ratings, with mean squared error rates ranging from 0.61 to 2.25 across datasets. Transfer learning is proposed to improve performance by pre-training a CNN on sentiment classification tasks and fine-tuning it for valence-arousal prediction.
1. The document introduces an algorithm to find optimal weighted distributions by minimizing the distance between a weighted sample distribution and a target distribution.
2. It applies this algorithm to the case of two populations, finding optimal weights to construct a weighted distribution using the population distributions.
3. The algorithm is then extended to the general case of N populations, and numerical applications are presented using financial time series data to model uncertainty over time as new information becomes available.
A Bayesian network is a probabilistic graphical model that represents conditional dependencies among random variables using a directed acyclic graph. It consists of nodes representing variables and directed edges representing causal relationships. Each node contains a conditional probability table that quantifies the effect of its parent nodes on that variable. Bayesian networks can be used to calculate the probability of events occurring based on the network structure and conditional probability tables, such as computing the probability of an alarm sounding given that no burglary or earthquake occurred but two neighbors called.
This document discusses model and variable selection in advanced econometrics. It covers topics like numerical optimization techniques, convex problems, Lagrangian functions, and the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions for solving constrained optimization problems. It also references Bayesian and frequentist approaches to statistical inference and the importance of avoiding overfitting models to ensure good generalization to new data.
This document summarizes key points from a lecture on probability and Bayes networks:
1. Bayes networks provide a structured representation of probability distributions through a directed acyclic graph where nodes are variables and edges represent conditional dependencies.
2. Conditional probabilities allow calculating joint probabilities and the likelihood of events given other observed events through Bayes' rule.
3. Bayes networks encode conditional independence relationships between variables - observing certain variables can "block" influence between other variables depending on the network structure.
ABSTRACT: Once introduced the fundamental ideas of quantum computing, we will discuss the possibilities offered by quantum computers in machine learning.
BIO: Davide Pastorello obtained an M.Sc. in Physics (2011) and a Ph.D. in Mathematics (2014) from Trento University. After serving at the Dept. of Mathematics and DISI in Trento, he is currently an assistant professor at the Dept. of Mathematics, University of Bologna. His main research interests concern the mathematical aspects of quantum information theory, quantum computing, and quantum machine learning.
This document discusses quantum noise and error correction. It introduces classical linear error correction codes and describes how they can be used to create quantum error correction codes, specifically codes developed by Calderbank, Shor, and Steane. It then presents a formalism for describing quantum noise using density operators and quantum operations. It discusses the depolarizing channel as an example and introduces the concept of fidelity to quantify the effect of noise on quantum states. Finally, it describes the Shor 9-qubit code, one of the first quantum error correction codes developed.
I am Anthony F. I am a Math Exam Helper at liveexamhelper.com. I hold a Masters' Degree in Maths, University of Cambridge, UK. I have been helping students with their exams for the past 9 years. You can hire me to take your exam in Math.
Visit liveexamhelper.com or email info@liveexamhelper.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Math Exams.
Quantum computing uses quantum mechanics phenomena like superposition and entanglement to perform operations on quantum bits (qubits) and solve certain problems much faster than classical computers. One such problem is integer factorization, for which Peter Shor devised an algorithm in 1994 that a quantum computer could solve much more efficiently than classical computers. While quantum computing is still in development, it has the potential to break popular encryption systems like RSA and simulate quantum systems. Practical implementations of quantum computing include ion traps, NMR, optical photons, and solid-state approaches. Quantum computing could enable applications in encryption-breaking, simulation, and cryptography, among other areas.
This document provides an overview of Bayesian networks through a 3-day tutorial. Day 1 introduces Bayesian networks and provides a medical diagnosis example. It defines key concepts like Bayes' theorem and influence diagrams. Day 2 covers propagation algorithms, demonstrating how evidence is propagated through a sample chain network. Day 3 will cover learning from data and using continuous variables and software. The overview outlines propagation algorithms for singly and multiply connected graphs.
The document discusses calculating and plotting the allocation of entropy for bipartite and tripartite quantum systems. It provides tables of entropy calculations for a bipartite system of |0> and |1> states, and checks that the results satisfy the subadditivity inequality. It also outlines the methodology to perform similar calculations and plots for other systems to visualize the convex cones of entropy allocation.
Network and risk spillovers: a multivariate GARCH perspectiveSYRTO Project
M. Billio, M. Caporin, L. Frattarolo, L. Pelizzon: “Network and risk spillovers: a multivariate GARCH perspective”.
Final SYRTO Conference - Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
February 19, 2016
A Framework to Adjust Dependency Measure Estimates for Chance Simone Romano
Winner of the best paper award at the SIAM International Conference on Data Mining.
Estimating the strength of dependency between two variables is fundamental for exploratory analysis and many other applications in data mining. For example: non-linear dependencies between two continuous variables can be explored with the Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC); and categorical variables that are dependent to the target class are selected using Gini gain in random forests. Nonetheless, because dependency measures are estimated on finite samples, the interpretability of their quantification and the accuracy when ranking dependencies become challenging. Dependency estimates are not equal to 0 when variables are independent, cannot be compared if computed on different sample size, and they are inflated by chance on variables with more categories. In this paper, we propose a framework to adjust dependency measure estimates on finite samples. Our adjustments, which are simple and applicable to any dependency measure, are helpful in improving interpretability when quantifying dependency and in improving accuracy on the task of ranking dependencies. In particular, we demonstrate that our approach enhances the interpretability of MIC when used as a proxy for the amount of noise between variables, and to gain accuracy when ranking variables during the splitting procedure in random forests.
This document provides an introduction to Bayesian networks, including:
- An outline of topics covered such as Bayesian networks, inference, learning Bayesian networks, and software packages
- A definition of Bayesian networks as directed acyclic graphs combined with conditional probability distributions
- An overview of inference techniques in Bayesian networks including belief propagation, junction tree algorithms, and Monte Carlo methods
Quantum mechanics explains the behavior of matter and its movement with energy in the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. In quantum circuits there are many gates such as Hadamard Gate, Pauli Gates, many more gates for half turns, quarter turns, eighth turns, sixteenth turns and so on, rest for spinning, parametrized etc. Linear operators in general and quantum mechanics can be represented in the form of vectors and in turn can be viewed as matrices format because linear operators are totally equivalent with the matrices view point. This paper discloses creation of various quantum matrices using Quantum bits. Square, Identity and Transposition of matrices are performed considering whole process in entanglement. Angle, phase, coordinates, magnitude, complex numbers and amplitude has been noted and documented in this paper for further research.
For more information please visit http://crimsonpublishers.com/cojec/pdf/COJEC.000506.pdf
The document discusses generating square and identity matrices using quantum gates like Hadamard gates. It demonstrates creating square matrices with 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 quantum circuits, showing how the probability magnitudes decrease by half with each additional circuit. Identity matrices were also generated using Hadamard, Pauli Y, and NOT gates while considering quantum bit entanglements. The document provides examples of the quantum circuits created as well as the output results and probability magnitudes measured.
Cointegration and Long-Horizon Forecastingمحمد إسماعيل
This document summarizes research on comparing the accuracy of long-horizon forecasts from multivariate cointegrated systems versus univariate models that ignore cointegration. The main findings are:
1) When accuracy is measured using standard trace mean squared error, imposing cointegration provides no benefit over univariate models at long horizons.
2) Both multivariate and univariate long-horizon forecasts satisfy the cointegrating relationships exactly.
3) The cointegrating combinations of forecast errors from both approaches have finite variance at long horizons.
This document presents a new Bayesian model for the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes. The model derives a probability distribution function for earthquake magnitudes based on marginalizing over the parameter β, which relates to the Gutenberg-Richter b parameter. The model provides an excellent fit to earthquake magnitude data from Chile, both before and after several major quakes. The model belongs to the generalized type-2 beta distribution family and can be viewed as a form of generalized superstatistics, connecting it to previous works on non-extensive statistics and complex systems.
Anomaly Detection in Sequences of Short Text Using Iterative Language ModelsCynthia Freeman
The document discusses various methods for anomaly detection in time series data. It begins by defining time series and anomalies, noting that anomaly detection is challenging due to issues like lack of labeled data and data imbalance. It then covers characteristics of time series like seasonality, trends, and concept drift, and how to detect them. Various anomaly detection methods are outlined, including STL, SARIMA, Prophet, Gaussian processes, and RNNs. Evaluation methods and factors to consider in choosing a detection method are also discussed. The document provides an overview of approaches to determining the optimal anomaly detection model for a given time series and application.
1) The document analyzes the boundedness and domain of attraction of a fractional-order wireless power transfer (WPT) system.
2) It establishes a fractional-order piecewise affine model of the WPT system and derives sufficient conditions for boundedness using Lyapunov functions and inequality techniques.
3) The results provide a way to estimate the domain of attraction of the fractional-order WPT system and systems with periodically intermittent control.
I am Bianca H. I am a Statistics Assignment Expert at statisticsassignmenthelp.com. I hold a Master in Statistics from, the University of Nottingham, UK. I have been helping students with their assignments for the past 7 years. I solve assignments related to Statistics. Visit statisticsassignmenthelp.com or email info@statisticsassignmenthelp.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Statistics Assignments.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
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A Bayesian network is a probabilistic graphical model that represents conditional dependencies among random variables using a directed acyclic graph. It consists of nodes representing variables and directed edges representing causal relationships. Each node contains a conditional probability table that quantifies the effect of its parent nodes on that variable. Bayesian networks can be used to calculate the probability of events occurring based on the network structure and conditional probability tables, such as computing the probability of an alarm sounding given that no burglary or earthquake occurred but two neighbors called.
This document discusses model and variable selection in advanced econometrics. It covers topics like numerical optimization techniques, convex problems, Lagrangian functions, and the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions for solving constrained optimization problems. It also references Bayesian and frequentist approaches to statistical inference and the importance of avoiding overfitting models to ensure good generalization to new data.
This document summarizes key points from a lecture on probability and Bayes networks:
1. Bayes networks provide a structured representation of probability distributions through a directed acyclic graph where nodes are variables and edges represent conditional dependencies.
2. Conditional probabilities allow calculating joint probabilities and the likelihood of events given other observed events through Bayes' rule.
3. Bayes networks encode conditional independence relationships between variables - observing certain variables can "block" influence between other variables depending on the network structure.
ABSTRACT: Once introduced the fundamental ideas of quantum computing, we will discuss the possibilities offered by quantum computers in machine learning.
BIO: Davide Pastorello obtained an M.Sc. in Physics (2011) and a Ph.D. in Mathematics (2014) from Trento University. After serving at the Dept. of Mathematics and DISI in Trento, he is currently an assistant professor at the Dept. of Mathematics, University of Bologna. His main research interests concern the mathematical aspects of quantum information theory, quantum computing, and quantum machine learning.
This document discusses quantum noise and error correction. It introduces classical linear error correction codes and describes how they can be used to create quantum error correction codes, specifically codes developed by Calderbank, Shor, and Steane. It then presents a formalism for describing quantum noise using density operators and quantum operations. It discusses the depolarizing channel as an example and introduces the concept of fidelity to quantify the effect of noise on quantum states. Finally, it describes the Shor 9-qubit code, one of the first quantum error correction codes developed.
I am Anthony F. I am a Math Exam Helper at liveexamhelper.com. I hold a Masters' Degree in Maths, University of Cambridge, UK. I have been helping students with their exams for the past 9 years. You can hire me to take your exam in Math.
Visit liveexamhelper.com or email info@liveexamhelper.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Math Exams.
Quantum computing uses quantum mechanics phenomena like superposition and entanglement to perform operations on quantum bits (qubits) and solve certain problems much faster than classical computers. One such problem is integer factorization, for which Peter Shor devised an algorithm in 1994 that a quantum computer could solve much more efficiently than classical computers. While quantum computing is still in development, it has the potential to break popular encryption systems like RSA and simulate quantum systems. Practical implementations of quantum computing include ion traps, NMR, optical photons, and solid-state approaches. Quantum computing could enable applications in encryption-breaking, simulation, and cryptography, among other areas.
This document provides an overview of Bayesian networks through a 3-day tutorial. Day 1 introduces Bayesian networks and provides a medical diagnosis example. It defines key concepts like Bayes' theorem and influence diagrams. Day 2 covers propagation algorithms, demonstrating how evidence is propagated through a sample chain network. Day 3 will cover learning from data and using continuous variables and software. The overview outlines propagation algorithms for singly and multiply connected graphs.
The document discusses calculating and plotting the allocation of entropy for bipartite and tripartite quantum systems. It provides tables of entropy calculations for a bipartite system of |0> and |1> states, and checks that the results satisfy the subadditivity inequality. It also outlines the methodology to perform similar calculations and plots for other systems to visualize the convex cones of entropy allocation.
Network and risk spillovers: a multivariate GARCH perspectiveSYRTO Project
M. Billio, M. Caporin, L. Frattarolo, L. Pelizzon: “Network and risk spillovers: a multivariate GARCH perspective”.
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February 19, 2016
A Framework to Adjust Dependency Measure Estimates for Chance Simone Romano
Winner of the best paper award at the SIAM International Conference on Data Mining.
Estimating the strength of dependency between two variables is fundamental for exploratory analysis and many other applications in data mining. For example: non-linear dependencies between two continuous variables can be explored with the Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC); and categorical variables that are dependent to the target class are selected using Gini gain in random forests. Nonetheless, because dependency measures are estimated on finite samples, the interpretability of their quantification and the accuracy when ranking dependencies become challenging. Dependency estimates are not equal to 0 when variables are independent, cannot be compared if computed on different sample size, and they are inflated by chance on variables with more categories. In this paper, we propose a framework to adjust dependency measure estimates on finite samples. Our adjustments, which are simple and applicable to any dependency measure, are helpful in improving interpretability when quantifying dependency and in improving accuracy on the task of ranking dependencies. In particular, we demonstrate that our approach enhances the interpretability of MIC when used as a proxy for the amount of noise between variables, and to gain accuracy when ranking variables during the splitting procedure in random forests.
This document provides an introduction to Bayesian networks, including:
- An outline of topics covered such as Bayesian networks, inference, learning Bayesian networks, and software packages
- A definition of Bayesian networks as directed acyclic graphs combined with conditional probability distributions
- An overview of inference techniques in Bayesian networks including belief propagation, junction tree algorithms, and Monte Carlo methods
Quantum mechanics explains the behavior of matter and its movement with energy in the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. In quantum circuits there are many gates such as Hadamard Gate, Pauli Gates, many more gates for half turns, quarter turns, eighth turns, sixteenth turns and so on, rest for spinning, parametrized etc. Linear operators in general and quantum mechanics can be represented in the form of vectors and in turn can be viewed as matrices format because linear operators are totally equivalent with the matrices view point. This paper discloses creation of various quantum matrices using Quantum bits. Square, Identity and Transposition of matrices are performed considering whole process in entanglement. Angle, phase, coordinates, magnitude, complex numbers and amplitude has been noted and documented in this paper for further research.
For more information please visit http://crimsonpublishers.com/cojec/pdf/COJEC.000506.pdf
The document discusses generating square and identity matrices using quantum gates like Hadamard gates. It demonstrates creating square matrices with 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 quantum circuits, showing how the probability magnitudes decrease by half with each additional circuit. Identity matrices were also generated using Hadamard, Pauli Y, and NOT gates while considering quantum bit entanglements. The document provides examples of the quantum circuits created as well as the output results and probability magnitudes measured.
Cointegration and Long-Horizon Forecastingمحمد إسماعيل
This document summarizes research on comparing the accuracy of long-horizon forecasts from multivariate cointegrated systems versus univariate models that ignore cointegration. The main findings are:
1) When accuracy is measured using standard trace mean squared error, imposing cointegration provides no benefit over univariate models at long horizons.
2) Both multivariate and univariate long-horizon forecasts satisfy the cointegrating relationships exactly.
3) The cointegrating combinations of forecast errors from both approaches have finite variance at long horizons.
This document presents a new Bayesian model for the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes. The model derives a probability distribution function for earthquake magnitudes based on marginalizing over the parameter β, which relates to the Gutenberg-Richter b parameter. The model provides an excellent fit to earthquake magnitude data from Chile, both before and after several major quakes. The model belongs to the generalized type-2 beta distribution family and can be viewed as a form of generalized superstatistics, connecting it to previous works on non-extensive statistics and complex systems.
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1) The document analyzes the boundedness and domain of attraction of a fractional-order wireless power transfer (WPT) system.
2) It establishes a fractional-order piecewise affine model of the WPT system and derives sufficient conditions for boundedness using Lyapunov functions and inequality techniques.
3) The results provide a way to estimate the domain of attraction of the fractional-order WPT system and systems with periodically intermittent control.
I am Bianca H. I am a Statistics Assignment Expert at statisticsassignmenthelp.com. I hold a Master in Statistics from, the University of Nottingham, UK. I have been helping students with their assignments for the past 7 years. I solve assignments related to Statistics. Visit statisticsassignmenthelp.com or email info@statisticsassignmenthelp.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Statistics Assignments.
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Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
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among stars.
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the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
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Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
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1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
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Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
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Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
The Relation Between Acausality and Interference in Quantum-Like Bayesian Networks
1. 9th International Conference on Quantum Interaction, 2015
by Catarina Moreira and Andreas Wichert
(Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal)
2. Motivation
Quantum probability and interference effects play an important
role in explaining several inconsistencies in decision-making.
Moreira & Wichert (2014), Interference Effects in Quantum Belief Networks, Applied Soft Computing, 25, 64-85
3. Motivation
Current models of the literature have the following problems:
1. Require a manual parameter tuning to perform predictions;
2. Hard to scale for more complex decision scenarios;
4. Research Question
Can we build a general quantum
probabilistic model to make
predictions in scenarios with high
levels of uncertainty?
5. Bayesian Networks
Directed acyclic graph structure in which each node represents a
random variable and each edge represents a direct influence
from source node to the target node.
B Pr(
E
=
T
)
=
0.002
Pr(
E
=
F
)
=
0.998
Pr(
B
=
T
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=
0.001
Pr(
B
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=
0.999
B
E
Pr(A=T|B,E)
Pr(A=F|B,E)
T
T
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T
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0.06
F
T
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0.71
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A
6. Bayesian Networks
Inference is performed in two steps:
1. Computation of the Full Joint Probability Distribution
2. Computation of the Marginal Probability
Full Joint Probability
Distribution:
Marginal Probability:
7. Bayesian Networks
Inference is performed in two steps:
1. Computation of the Full Joint Probability Distribution
2. Computation of the Marginal Probability
Full Joint Probability
Distribution:
Marginal Probability:
Bayes Assumption
8. Inference in Bayesian Networks
1. Compute the Full Joint Probability Distribution
B E A Pr( A, B, E )
T T T 0.001 x 0.002 x 0.95 = 0.00000190
T T F 0.001 x 0.002 x 0.05 = 0.00000010
T F T 0.001 x 0.998 x 0.94 = 0.00093812
T F F 0.001 x 0.998 x 0.06 = 0.00005988
F T T 0.999 x 0.002 x 0.29 = 0.00057942
F T F 0.999 x 0.002 x 0.71 = 0.00141858
F F T 0.999 x 0.998 x 0.01 = 0.00997002
F F F 0.999 x 0.998 x 0.99 = 0.98703198
B
Pr(
E
=
T
)
=
0.002
Pr(
E
=
F
)
=
0.998
Pr(
B
=
T
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=
0.001
Pr(
B
=
F
)
=
0.999
B
E
Pr(
A=T|B,E
)
Pr(
A=F|B,E
)
T
T
0.95
0.05
T
F
0.94
0.06
F
T
0.29
0.71
F
F
0.01
0.99
E
A
9. Inference in Bayesian Networks
2. Compute Marginal Probability
B E A Pr( A, B, E )
T T T 0.001 x 0.002 x 0.95 = 0.00000190
T T F 0.001 x 0.002 x 0.05 = 0.00000010
T F T 0.001 x 0.998 x 0.94 = 0.00093812
T F F 0.001 x 0.998 x 0.06 = 0.00005988
F T T 0.999 x 0.002 x 0.29 = 0.00057942
F T F 0.999 x 0.002 x 0.71 = 0.00141858
F F T 0.999 x 0.998 x 0.01 = 0.00997002
F F F 0.999 x 0.998 x 0.99 = 0.98703198
+
+
10. Research Question
How can we move from a classical
Bayesian Network to a Quantum-
Like paradigm?
11. Quantum-Like Bayesian Networks
General idea:
- Under unobserved events, the Quantum-Like Bayesian
Network can use interference effects;
- Under known events, no interference is used, since there is no
uncertainty.
Moreira & Wichert (2014), Interference Effects in Quantum Belief Networks, Applied Soft Computing, 25, 64-85
12. Interference Effects
Convert classical probabilities are converted into quantum
amplitudes through Born’s rule: squared magnitude quantum
amplitudes.
For two dichotomous random variables:
- Classical Law of Total Probability:
- Quantum Law of Total Probability:
14. Interference Effects
Quantum Law of Total Probability for 2 random variables:
If we expand this term we obtain: Classical Probability
Quantum Interference
15. Quantum-Like Bayesian Networks
Convert classical probabilities are converted into quantum
amplitudes through Born’s rule: squared magnitude quantum
amplitudes.
- Classical Full Joint Probability Distribution:
- Quantum Full Joint Probability Distribution:
16. Quantum-Like Bayesian Networks
Convert classical probabilities are converted into quantum
amplitudes through Born’s rule: squared magnitude quantum
amplitudes.
- Classical Marginal Probability Distribution:
- Quantum Marginal Probability Distribution:
17. Quantum-Like Bayesian Networks
- Quantum marginal probability;
- Extension of the Quantum-Like Approach (Khrennikov, 2009) for
N random variables;
Moreira & Wichert (2014), Interference Effects in Quantum Belief Networks, Applied Soft Computing, 25, 64-85
18. Case Study
We studied the implications of the
proposed Quantum-Like Bayesian
Network in the literature
19. Quantum-Like Bayesian Networks
J. Pearl. (1988). Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.
Pr(
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=
0.002
Pr(
E
=
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)
=
0.998
Pr(
B
=
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)
=
0.001
Pr(
B
=
F
)
=
0.999
B
E
Pr(A=T|B,E)
Pr(A=F|B,E)
T
T
0.90
0.10
T
F
0.30
0.70
F
T
0.20
0.80
F
F
0.01
0.99
E
A
J
B
M
A
Pr(
M=T
|A
)
Pr(
M=F
|
A
)
T
0.70
0.30
F
0.01
0.99
A
Pr(
J=T
|A
)
Pr(
J=F
|
A
)
T
0.90
0.10
F
0.05
0.95
20. Quantum-Like Bayesian Networks
What happens if we try to compute the probability of A = t, given
that we observed J = t?
Classical Probability:
Quantum Probability:
Moreira & Wichert (2014), Interference Effects in Quantum Belief Networks, Applied Soft Computing, 25, 64-85
21. Quantum-Like Bayesian Networks
What happens if we try to compute the probability of A = t, given
that we observed J = t?
Classical Probability:
Quantum Probability:
Moreira & Wichert (2014), Interference Effects in Quantum Belief Networks, Applied Soft Computing, 25, 64-85
Will generate
16 parameters
22. Problem!
The number of parameters grows exponentially LARGE!
The final probabilities can be ANYTHING in some range!
Moreira & Wichert (2014), Interference Effects in Quantum Belief Networks, Applied Soft Computing, 25, 64-85
23. Problem!
Quantum parameters are very sensitive.
Small changes can lead to completely different probability values
or can stabilize in a certain value!
24. Research Question
How can we deal automatically with
an exponential number of quantum
parameters?
25. The Synchronicity Principle
Synchronicity is an acausal
principle and can be defined by a
meaningful coincidence which
appears between a mental state
and an event occurring in the
external world.
(Carl G. Jung, 1951)
26. The Synchronicity Principle
Natural laws are statistical truths. They are only valid when
dealing with macrophysical quantities.
In the realm of very small quantities prediction becomes
uncertain.
The connection of events may be other than causal, and
requires an acausal principle of explanation.
Moreira & Wichert (2015), The Synchronicity Principle Under Quantum Probabilistic Inferences, NeuroQuantology, 13, 111-133
27. Research Question
How can we use the Synchronicity
Principle in the Quantum-Like
Bayesian Network and estimate
quantum parameters?
28. Semantic Networks
Moreira & Wichert (2015), The Synchronicity Principle Under Quantum Probabilistic Inferences, NeuroQuantology, 13, 111-133
Synchronicity Principle: defined by a meaningful coincidence
between events.
Semantic Networks can help finding events that share a semantic
meaning.
29. Quantum-Like Bayesian Network +
Semantic Network
Synchronicity
Pr(
E
=
T
)
=
0.002
Pr(
E
=
F
)
=
0.998
Pr(
B
=
T
)
=
0.001
Pr(
B
=
F
)
=
0.999
B
E
Pr(A=T|B,E)
Pr(A=F|B,E)
T
T
0.90
0.10
T
F
0.30
0.70
F
T
0.20
0.80
F
F
0.01
0.99
E
A
J
B
M
A
Pr(
M=T
|A
)
Pr(
M=F
|
A
)
T
0.70
0.30
F
0.01
0.99
A
Pr(
J=T
|A
)
Pr(
J=F
|
A
)
T
0.90
0.10
F
0.05
0.95
Synchronicity
Moreira & Wichert (2015), The Synchronicity Principle Under Quantum Probabilistic Inferences, NeuroQuantology, 13, 111-133
30. The Synchronicity Heuristic
The interference term is given as a sum of pairs of random
variables.
Heuristic: parameters are calculated by computing different vector
representations for each pair of random variables.
Moreira & Wichert (2015), The Synchronicity Principle Under Quantum Probabilistic Inferences, NeuroQuantology, 13, 111-133
31. The Synchronicity Heuristic
Since, in quantum cognition, the quantum parameters are seen as
inner products, we represent each pair of random variables in 2-
dimenional vectors.
We need to represent both assignments of the binary random
variables
Moreira & Wichert (2015), The Synchronicity Principle Under Quantum Probabilistic Inferences, NeuroQuantology, 13, 111-133
32. The Synchronicity Heuristic
Moreira & Wichert (2015), The Synchronicity Principle Under Quantum Probabilistic Inferences, NeuroQuantology, 13, 111-133
Using the semantic network, variables that did not share any
dependence could be connected through their semantic meaning.
Variables that occur during the inference process should be more
correlated than variables that do not occur. We use a quantum step
phase angle of π/4 (Yukalov & Sornette, 2010).
33. The Synchronicity Heuristic
θ
θ
Moreira & Wichert (2015), The Synchronicity Principle Under Quantum Probabilistic Inferences, NeuroQuantology, 13, 111-133
Variables that occur during the inference process should be more
correlated than variables that do not occur.
34. Research Question
How can an acausal connectionist
theory affect quantum probabilistic
inferences?
35. Classical vs Acausal Quantum
Inferences
High levels of uncertainty during the inference process, lead to
complete different results from classical theory.
36. Classical vs Acausal Quantum
Inferences
More evidence leads to lower uncertainty, which leads to an
approximation to the classical inference.
37. Conclusions
1. Applied the mathematical formalisms of quantum theory to
develop a Quantum-Like Bayesian Network;
2. Used a Semantic Network to find acausal relationships;
3. An heuristic was created to estimate quantum parameters;
4. Quantum probability is “stronger” with high levels of uncertainty;
5. With less uncertainty, the Quantum-Like network collapses to its
classical counterpart;