This document discusses the origins of industrial accidents and existing labor laws. It provides historical context on labor laws and accident prevention measures dating back to the late 19th century in Brazil. Several key points are made:
1. The causes of industrial accidents are diverse and can involve factors related to the employee, company culture/environment, work conditions, tools/equipment. A simple equation cannot capture all the unknown factors.
2. Statistics from 1980 in Brazil show high accident rates, with construction, wood/cork, and mining among the highest. Millions of lost man-days are reported.
3. Labor laws have aimed to establish preventive measures related to construction/demolition, hazardous materials, excav
The document discusses the main aims of the Health and Safety Act, which are to secure health and safety for workers, protect others from risks, control dangerous substances and emissions. It also outlines responsibilities under the act, such as taking care of one's own and others' safety, cooperating with the employer, and not misusing equipment. An example is then given of applying the act to a sports venue, listing employees like cleaners, receptionists, and lifeguards, and providing examples of how the act's responsibilities would apply, such as ensuring clear fire exits and controlling chlorine levels in pools.
Industrial Accident, Safety and HealthMainak Ghosh
This document is a team case presentation on industrial accidents, safety, and health submitted by three students from St. Xavier's College in Kolkata, India. It contains information on industrial accident statistics in India, the causes of accidents, types of accidents, and the importance of industrial safety and health. It discusses India's legal provisions around safety under the Factories Act of 1948 and outlines an effective safety management approach with elements like safety policy, training, committees, and accident investigation. The presentation aims to promote awareness of occupational safety and health issues in India.
The document discusses construction safety, including expectations, causes of accidents, costs of accidents, types of accidents, prevention methods, and government agencies that regulate workplace safety. It emphasizes that safety is the responsibility of contractors and outlines specific programs and procedures contractors should implement to promote safety at construction sites.
The document discusses construction safety, including expectations, causes of accidents, costs of accidents, types of accidents, and prevention methods. It emphasizes that safety is the responsibility of contractors and that accidents in construction are common and costly, with the leading causes being falls, strikes, and electrical injuries. Prevention requires safety programs, training, protective equipment, and adherence to regulations enforced by agencies like OSHA.
This document provides a 3-paragraph summary of health and safety in small businesses. It discusses how injuries and illnesses at work are common, occurring in over 200,000 cases per year in Britain, and costing employers over £500 million annually. However, implementing basic health and safety measures does not need to be expensive, time-consuming, or complicated. In fact, safer working practices can often save money and help save lives. The document aims to show common causes of accidents and harm, what applies to a reader's specific work, and how to obtain more information and assistance regarding health and safety regulations and responsibilities.
This document discusses industrial accidents, causes, and preventions. It notes that industrial accidents are unplanned events that result in employee injury for more than 48 hours. Accidents are usually caused by a combination of unsafe conditions like defective equipment, and unsafe acts by employees like carelessness. Preventative measures include use of safety devices, safety training, and signage. The document also discusses industrial health, noting its importance in reducing absenteeism and improving efficiency. Statutory provisions in the Factories Act 1948 aim to maintain worker health and safety conditions.
This document defines workplace hazards, accidents, risk, safety, and compliance. It introduces the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) as the federal agency that enforces safety standards for businesses. There are three main types of hazards: mechanical resulting from tools/equipment, chemical from toxic substances, and physical anything in the environment that can cause harm.
The document discusses the main aims of the Health and Safety Act, which are to secure health and safety for workers, protect others from risks, control dangerous substances and emissions. It also outlines responsibilities under the act, such as taking care of one's own and others' safety, cooperating with the employer, and not misusing equipment. An example is then given of applying the act to a sports venue, listing employees like cleaners, receptionists, and lifeguards, and providing examples of how the act's responsibilities would apply, such as ensuring clear fire exits and controlling chlorine levels in pools.
Industrial Accident, Safety and HealthMainak Ghosh
This document is a team case presentation on industrial accidents, safety, and health submitted by three students from St. Xavier's College in Kolkata, India. It contains information on industrial accident statistics in India, the causes of accidents, types of accidents, and the importance of industrial safety and health. It discusses India's legal provisions around safety under the Factories Act of 1948 and outlines an effective safety management approach with elements like safety policy, training, committees, and accident investigation. The presentation aims to promote awareness of occupational safety and health issues in India.
The document discusses construction safety, including expectations, causes of accidents, costs of accidents, types of accidents, prevention methods, and government agencies that regulate workplace safety. It emphasizes that safety is the responsibility of contractors and outlines specific programs and procedures contractors should implement to promote safety at construction sites.
The document discusses construction safety, including expectations, causes of accidents, costs of accidents, types of accidents, and prevention methods. It emphasizes that safety is the responsibility of contractors and that accidents in construction are common and costly, with the leading causes being falls, strikes, and electrical injuries. Prevention requires safety programs, training, protective equipment, and adherence to regulations enforced by agencies like OSHA.
This document provides a 3-paragraph summary of health and safety in small businesses. It discusses how injuries and illnesses at work are common, occurring in over 200,000 cases per year in Britain, and costing employers over £500 million annually. However, implementing basic health and safety measures does not need to be expensive, time-consuming, or complicated. In fact, safer working practices can often save money and help save lives. The document aims to show common causes of accidents and harm, what applies to a reader's specific work, and how to obtain more information and assistance regarding health and safety regulations and responsibilities.
This document discusses industrial accidents, causes, and preventions. It notes that industrial accidents are unplanned events that result in employee injury for more than 48 hours. Accidents are usually caused by a combination of unsafe conditions like defective equipment, and unsafe acts by employees like carelessness. Preventative measures include use of safety devices, safety training, and signage. The document also discusses industrial health, noting its importance in reducing absenteeism and improving efficiency. Statutory provisions in the Factories Act 1948 aim to maintain worker health and safety conditions.
This document defines workplace hazards, accidents, risk, safety, and compliance. It introduces the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) as the federal agency that enforces safety standards for businesses. There are three main types of hazards: mechanical resulting from tools/equipment, chemical from toxic substances, and physical anything in the environment that can cause harm.
The effect methods of control common hazards (assignment 2)zaidi_bad
This document discusses common hazards in the construction industry and effective methods to control them. It identifies several physical hazards like falls, machinery, excavation work, and health hazards like chemicals, physical factors, and biological agents. Poor working conditions from these hazards can negatively impact worker health, safety, and productivity. They also increase costs for workers through injuries and employers through lost work and compensation. The document recommends implementing occupational safety and health programs and regulations to identify hazards, reduce risks, prevent accidents, and promote worker well-being. This can improve safety, morale and save lives and money for all parties.
This document provides contact information for the International Institute of Industrial Safety Management located in Bengaluru, India. It discusses the history of safety movements in India and abroad from the industrial revolution to present day. It outlines the key drivers for safety management including legal, humanitarian, economic, and social reasons. Accident and illness statistics are presented to emphasize the humanitarian impact. The roles and objectives of organizations like the International Labour Organization are summarized.
This document discusses potential accidents from slip and fall incidents at workplaces. It outlines the objectives of a study which are to identify the main causes of slips, analyze the relationship between floor surfaces and other contributing factors, compute monetary losses due to slip and fall incidents, and establish guidelines to reduce such accidents. The study will focus on slip and fall incidents that occur at the same level and involve the adult male population at a manufacturing company. Findings from the Department of Occupational Safety and Health between 2010-2013 are presented which list the types of accidents and number of cases reported each year.
Circle of Legal Trust Law Journal 1st edTony Castelli
Practicing lawyers share articles on the finer points of practicing law and marketing their law practice. Topics range from lawyer advertising to conducting a deposition and much more. Want to learn about attorney search and practicing law. Download the pdf law journal. Learn how to work on your legal practice as well as in it
This document discusses industrial accidents, their causes, types, and ways to prevent them. It outlines that industrial accidents can result from unsafe workplace conditions like faulty equipment or employee actions. Accidents range from minor injuries to fatalities and are caused by issues like poor ergonomics, electricity hazards, fires, or gas exposure. Laws like the Factories Act aim to promote workplace safety by requiring first aid facilities, medical care, safety training, and regulating hazardous work.
C H A P T E R 1 3Safety and Health at WorkTRAINING FOR SA.docxRAHUL126667
C H A P T E R 1 3
Safety and Health at Work
TRAINING FOR SAFETY
As the HR manager of a large construction company, your workers’ health and safety is of paramount concern. Last
week, you reported an incidence rate of 7.5 accidents per 100 employees to the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA). When you compared these numbers to last year, you found the number had significantly
increased, as it was 4.2. This is concerning, because you know an unsafe workplace is not only bad for employees
and bad for business, but it could result in fines from OSHA. You ask your operations managers to meet with you
about the situation. When you bring this to his attention, he doesn’t seem at all concerned about the almost
double increase in accidents over the last year. He says the increase in accidents is a result of scaffolding falling dur-
ing a building project where several workers were hurt. He says this one accident skewed the numbers. He men-
tions that the supervisor responsible for the scaffolding had been let go six months ago for other reasons, and he
assures you that there is no reason to be concerned. A few weeks after this conversation, two of your workers
spend time in the hospital because of a falling scaffolding injury. Again, you approach the operations manager and
he assures you that those employees were just new and he will implement proper procedures. You know the incid-
ent will result in another high incident percentage, even if there isn’t another accident the rest of the year. You con-
sider your options.
You look back over ten years of accident reports and find there are three areas for which your company seems
to have 90 percent of all accidents. You decide you will develop a training program to address these safety issues in
your workplace. You refer to your HRM textbook for tips on how to prepare and communicate this training to your
employees. When you present this option to your operations manager, he says that employees don’t have the time
to take from their jobs to go through this training and suggests you just let it go. You are prepared for this re-
sponse, and you give him the dollar figure of money lost owing to worker injury in your organization. This gets his
attention, especially when you compare it to the small cost of doing a two-hour training for all employees. Both of
you check your Outlook schedules to find the best day of the week to schedule the training, for minimum impact
on employees’ work.
Workplace Safety and Health Introduction
The author introduces the chapter on workplace safety and health.
1. WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH LAWS
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S
1. Be able to explain OSHA laws.
2. Understand right-to-know laws.
Workplace safety is the responsibility of everyone in the organization. HR professionals and managers,
however, play a large role in developing standards, making sure safety and health laws are followed,
and tracking workplace accidents ...
Principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety...DjCurrie
Risk assessments examine work activities that could cause harm so that sufficient safety precautions are taken. They involve identifying hazards, evaluating risks, and implementing control measures. Common hazards in construction include falls, falling or moving objects, electricity, and manual handling. Accident reporting and preventing future injuries are important, as falls, slips, handling, and being struck are leading causes of major injuries. Fire, electrical, and waste safety precautions must also be followed.
Principles of Risk Assessment for Maintaining and Improving Health and Safety...DjCurrie
Risk assessments examine work activities that could cause harm so that sufficient safety precautions are taken. They involve identifying hazards, assessing risks, and taking action to control risks. Common construction hazards include falls, falling/moving objects, fire, electricity, and manual handling. Accident reporting and investigating causes aims to prevent future injuries.
Determination of the most important General Failure Types based on Tripod-DELTAIJERA Editor
The document discusses the Tripod-DELTA methodology for analyzing accidents and identifying latent failures. It provides the following key points:
1) Tripod-DELTA classifies latent failures that contribute to accidents into 11 General Failure Types (GFTs) such as procedures, training, and organizational factors.
2) It uses a questionnaire to measure these GFTs and identify areas of concern, producing a DELTA profile showing which GFTs need most improvement.
3) Implementing Tripod-DELTA involves customizing the questionnaire for each organization, having employees answer questions, then analyzing the results to identify the most problematic GFTs and actions needed to address latent failures.
Occupational safety and health Third Editionssocwork2023
The document provides guidelines for occupational safety and health (OSH) standards. It discusses key topics like ergonomics, personal protective equipment (PPE), safety standards for different work sectors (e.g., construction, manufacturing), and handling of physical, chemical and electrical hazards. Ignoring ergonomic principles can lead to musculoskeletal disorders and injuries from improper lifting or repetitive motions. Proper risk assessment and controlling hazards through engineering solutions, administrative controls and PPE are emphasized. The responsibilities of department heads, safety officers and workers are also outlined to promote a safety-focused work culture.
This document provides an introduction to chemical process safety. It begins by stating that modern chemical plants use complex technology and have the potential for catastrophic accidents, so engineers need sound technical and application knowledge of process safety as well as experience to effectively apply safety technologies. It then discusses how the definition of "safety" has expanded from just worker safety through rules and PPE to also include proactive prevention of accidents through hazard identification and risk assessment. Several terms relevant to process safety are defined. Statistics used to measure safety like OSHA incidence rates and fatal accident rates are also introduced. The concept of risk acceptance and minimizing risk to as low as reasonably practicable is covered. Causes of accidents and accident sequences are discussed.
This document provides an introduction to chemical process safety. It begins by stating that modern chemical plants use complex technology and have the potential for catastrophic accidents, so engineers need sound technical and application knowledge of process safety as well as experience to effectively apply safety technologies. It then discusses how the definition of "safety" has expanded from just worker safety through rules and PPE to also include proactive prevention of accidents through hazard identification and risk assessment. Several terms relevant to process safety are defined. Statistics used to measure safety like OSHA incidence rates and fatal accident rates are also introduced. The concept of risk acceptance and minimizing risk to as low as reasonably practicable is covered. Causes of accidents and accident sequences are discussed.
Technology Encourages Employees To Promote Facility SafetyGarrett Foley
According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than 2.7 million nonfatal workplace injuries were reported in the United States in 2014. Workplace injuries and illnesses pose a serious problem in many industries including construction and manufacturing as well as facilities maintenance. Many employees fear that if they report safety observations that it will impact their job security or reputation. However, that is false. Employees should be encouraged to report safety incidents to establish a culture of safety. WorkplaceAware, a mobile safety application and online dashboard, allows employees and managers to report, track and resolve any and all safety and operations issues in the workplace.
Characteristic data analysis of occupational accident in heavy engineering in...eSAT Publishing House
The document analyzes occupational accident data from a heavy engineering industry from 2012-2013. It categorizes accidents by shift, age, employment type, injury location, nature of injury, and accident type. Statistical analysis finds the accident rate was highest in the first shift, among workers aged 20-29, and for contractor employees. Most injuries occurred to fingers and were cuts. Unsafe acts like operating without permission contributed to accidents. The goal is to understand accident causes to implement preventative measures and reduce future incidents.
The document discusses the history and evolution of industrial safety. It begins by defining industrial safety as measures implemented to reduce risk of injury in manufacturing facilities. It then discusses how industrial safety has evolved from a focus on compensation to prevention and addressing long term hazards. Key aspects covered include categories of workplace hazards, legislation like OSHA, and the modern view of safety measures as an investment. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the development and current approach to industrial safety.
A Risk Assessment Study on Occupational Hazards in Cement IndustryIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a risk assessment study of occupational hazards in the cement industry. It identifies major hazards like fires, toxic gas releases, explosions, and corrosion. It examines a cement plant in India, studying physical health issues, noise exposure, and ergonomic risks to workers. Guidelines are provided to management on controlling health problems and improving workplace safety, such as monitoring hazards, providing protective equipment, training workers, and engineering controls to reduce risks.
Unit 203 Work Safely in the Waste & Recycling Industryrfelters
This document provides information on health and safety in the waste and recycling industry. It outlines 5 key learning outcomes related to identifying hazards and risks, conducting risk assessments, emergency response procedures, proper personal protective equipment use, and managing assigned work. The waste and recycling industry has a poor safety record, with injuries primarily from manual handling, slips and trips, and being struck by vehicles. Employers are responsible for conducting formal documented risk assessments and keeping health and safety policies and documentation.
Employsure Infographic The Cost of an Unsafe Workplace Employsure AU
Already in 2017 there have been over 76 workplace fatalities Australia-wide, at a devastating cost to both employees and employers. Employsure informed their clients of the cost of an unsafe workplaceby visualising the statistics in an infographic. Common workplace injuries and illnesses are featured by industry along with a checklist to identify and fix safety risks in the workplace. Employsure is a workplace relations specialist helping Australian and New Zealand SME's succeed by creating fair and safe workplaces. Visit our website for an embed code.
Call us: 1300 651 415
Visit us at: https://employsure.com.au/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/empl...
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/employsure.c...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Employsure
A study about the status of implementation on safety standards and legal requ...VISHNU VIJAYAN
This document discusses a study on the status of implementation of safety standards and legal requirements pertaining to construction safety in Kerala, India. It finds that despite advances in technology and safety legislation, accidents remain common in the construction industry. Through site visits, interviews, and document analysis of several construction projects, the study evaluated the implementation of important statutory safety requirements. It identified lack of compliance with safety standards and proper implementation of relevant laws as major causes of accidents. The document emphasizes that proper implementation of construction safety laws and standards can prevent many accidents and calls for increased awareness of safety practices.
1. The document discusses accident investigation procedures and requirements in Malaysia. It outlines the stages of an accident investigation including notification, investigation, reporting, discussion, and follow-up on recommendations.
2. Employers must notify the authorities within a certain period of any accidents. Various acts and regulations specify requirements for accident notification forms and procedures.
3. A full accident report is then prepared containing investigation findings on the causes and effects of the accident as well as recommendations to prevent future occurrences.
4. The document provides guidance on planning accident investigations before and after an incident, and on determining appropriate investigators. Thorough, systematic analysis is important to identify all contributing factors.
No tienes información e investigación fiable que habilitan o ninguna idea de la relación, que puede existir entre el uso de Equipos de Protección Individual (EPI) y colectiva (EPC) por los trabajadores y el porcentaje de accidentes porque los trabajadores no hacen uso de estos dispositivos. Este artículo no pretende entrar en los méritos de la ausencia de información completa, obtenida en la investigación de las causas de los accidentes, pero trae los resultados de una investigación realizada con los trabajadores sobre este tema.
The article deals with the identification through field research in the understanding of the workers about the risks and how these may be protected by individual protection equipment.
The effect methods of control common hazards (assignment 2)zaidi_bad
This document discusses common hazards in the construction industry and effective methods to control them. It identifies several physical hazards like falls, machinery, excavation work, and health hazards like chemicals, physical factors, and biological agents. Poor working conditions from these hazards can negatively impact worker health, safety, and productivity. They also increase costs for workers through injuries and employers through lost work and compensation. The document recommends implementing occupational safety and health programs and regulations to identify hazards, reduce risks, prevent accidents, and promote worker well-being. This can improve safety, morale and save lives and money for all parties.
This document provides contact information for the International Institute of Industrial Safety Management located in Bengaluru, India. It discusses the history of safety movements in India and abroad from the industrial revolution to present day. It outlines the key drivers for safety management including legal, humanitarian, economic, and social reasons. Accident and illness statistics are presented to emphasize the humanitarian impact. The roles and objectives of organizations like the International Labour Organization are summarized.
This document discusses potential accidents from slip and fall incidents at workplaces. It outlines the objectives of a study which are to identify the main causes of slips, analyze the relationship between floor surfaces and other contributing factors, compute monetary losses due to slip and fall incidents, and establish guidelines to reduce such accidents. The study will focus on slip and fall incidents that occur at the same level and involve the adult male population at a manufacturing company. Findings from the Department of Occupational Safety and Health between 2010-2013 are presented which list the types of accidents and number of cases reported each year.
Circle of Legal Trust Law Journal 1st edTony Castelli
Practicing lawyers share articles on the finer points of practicing law and marketing their law practice. Topics range from lawyer advertising to conducting a deposition and much more. Want to learn about attorney search and practicing law. Download the pdf law journal. Learn how to work on your legal practice as well as in it
This document discusses industrial accidents, their causes, types, and ways to prevent them. It outlines that industrial accidents can result from unsafe workplace conditions like faulty equipment or employee actions. Accidents range from minor injuries to fatalities and are caused by issues like poor ergonomics, electricity hazards, fires, or gas exposure. Laws like the Factories Act aim to promote workplace safety by requiring first aid facilities, medical care, safety training, and regulating hazardous work.
C H A P T E R 1 3Safety and Health at WorkTRAINING FOR SA.docxRAHUL126667
C H A P T E R 1 3
Safety and Health at Work
TRAINING FOR SAFETY
As the HR manager of a large construction company, your workers’ health and safety is of paramount concern. Last
week, you reported an incidence rate of 7.5 accidents per 100 employees to the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA). When you compared these numbers to last year, you found the number had significantly
increased, as it was 4.2. This is concerning, because you know an unsafe workplace is not only bad for employees
and bad for business, but it could result in fines from OSHA. You ask your operations managers to meet with you
about the situation. When you bring this to his attention, he doesn’t seem at all concerned about the almost
double increase in accidents over the last year. He says the increase in accidents is a result of scaffolding falling dur-
ing a building project where several workers were hurt. He says this one accident skewed the numbers. He men-
tions that the supervisor responsible for the scaffolding had been let go six months ago for other reasons, and he
assures you that there is no reason to be concerned. A few weeks after this conversation, two of your workers
spend time in the hospital because of a falling scaffolding injury. Again, you approach the operations manager and
he assures you that those employees were just new and he will implement proper procedures. You know the incid-
ent will result in another high incident percentage, even if there isn’t another accident the rest of the year. You con-
sider your options.
You look back over ten years of accident reports and find there are three areas for which your company seems
to have 90 percent of all accidents. You decide you will develop a training program to address these safety issues in
your workplace. You refer to your HRM textbook for tips on how to prepare and communicate this training to your
employees. When you present this option to your operations manager, he says that employees don’t have the time
to take from their jobs to go through this training and suggests you just let it go. You are prepared for this re-
sponse, and you give him the dollar figure of money lost owing to worker injury in your organization. This gets his
attention, especially when you compare it to the small cost of doing a two-hour training for all employees. Both of
you check your Outlook schedules to find the best day of the week to schedule the training, for minimum impact
on employees’ work.
Workplace Safety and Health Introduction
The author introduces the chapter on workplace safety and health.
1. WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH LAWS
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S
1. Be able to explain OSHA laws.
2. Understand right-to-know laws.
Workplace safety is the responsibility of everyone in the organization. HR professionals and managers,
however, play a large role in developing standards, making sure safety and health laws are followed,
and tracking workplace accidents ...
Principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety...DjCurrie
Risk assessments examine work activities that could cause harm so that sufficient safety precautions are taken. They involve identifying hazards, evaluating risks, and implementing control measures. Common hazards in construction include falls, falling or moving objects, electricity, and manual handling. Accident reporting and preventing future injuries are important, as falls, slips, handling, and being struck are leading causes of major injuries. Fire, electrical, and waste safety precautions must also be followed.
Principles of Risk Assessment for Maintaining and Improving Health and Safety...DjCurrie
Risk assessments examine work activities that could cause harm so that sufficient safety precautions are taken. They involve identifying hazards, assessing risks, and taking action to control risks. Common construction hazards include falls, falling/moving objects, fire, electricity, and manual handling. Accident reporting and investigating causes aims to prevent future injuries.
Determination of the most important General Failure Types based on Tripod-DELTAIJERA Editor
The document discusses the Tripod-DELTA methodology for analyzing accidents and identifying latent failures. It provides the following key points:
1) Tripod-DELTA classifies latent failures that contribute to accidents into 11 General Failure Types (GFTs) such as procedures, training, and organizational factors.
2) It uses a questionnaire to measure these GFTs and identify areas of concern, producing a DELTA profile showing which GFTs need most improvement.
3) Implementing Tripod-DELTA involves customizing the questionnaire for each organization, having employees answer questions, then analyzing the results to identify the most problematic GFTs and actions needed to address latent failures.
Occupational safety and health Third Editionssocwork2023
The document provides guidelines for occupational safety and health (OSH) standards. It discusses key topics like ergonomics, personal protective equipment (PPE), safety standards for different work sectors (e.g., construction, manufacturing), and handling of physical, chemical and electrical hazards. Ignoring ergonomic principles can lead to musculoskeletal disorders and injuries from improper lifting or repetitive motions. Proper risk assessment and controlling hazards through engineering solutions, administrative controls and PPE are emphasized. The responsibilities of department heads, safety officers and workers are also outlined to promote a safety-focused work culture.
This document provides an introduction to chemical process safety. It begins by stating that modern chemical plants use complex technology and have the potential for catastrophic accidents, so engineers need sound technical and application knowledge of process safety as well as experience to effectively apply safety technologies. It then discusses how the definition of "safety" has expanded from just worker safety through rules and PPE to also include proactive prevention of accidents through hazard identification and risk assessment. Several terms relevant to process safety are defined. Statistics used to measure safety like OSHA incidence rates and fatal accident rates are also introduced. The concept of risk acceptance and minimizing risk to as low as reasonably practicable is covered. Causes of accidents and accident sequences are discussed.
This document provides an introduction to chemical process safety. It begins by stating that modern chemical plants use complex technology and have the potential for catastrophic accidents, so engineers need sound technical and application knowledge of process safety as well as experience to effectively apply safety technologies. It then discusses how the definition of "safety" has expanded from just worker safety through rules and PPE to also include proactive prevention of accidents through hazard identification and risk assessment. Several terms relevant to process safety are defined. Statistics used to measure safety like OSHA incidence rates and fatal accident rates are also introduced. The concept of risk acceptance and minimizing risk to as low as reasonably practicable is covered. Causes of accidents and accident sequences are discussed.
Technology Encourages Employees To Promote Facility SafetyGarrett Foley
According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than 2.7 million nonfatal workplace injuries were reported in the United States in 2014. Workplace injuries and illnesses pose a serious problem in many industries including construction and manufacturing as well as facilities maintenance. Many employees fear that if they report safety observations that it will impact their job security or reputation. However, that is false. Employees should be encouraged to report safety incidents to establish a culture of safety. WorkplaceAware, a mobile safety application and online dashboard, allows employees and managers to report, track and resolve any and all safety and operations issues in the workplace.
Characteristic data analysis of occupational accident in heavy engineering in...eSAT Publishing House
The document analyzes occupational accident data from a heavy engineering industry from 2012-2013. It categorizes accidents by shift, age, employment type, injury location, nature of injury, and accident type. Statistical analysis finds the accident rate was highest in the first shift, among workers aged 20-29, and for contractor employees. Most injuries occurred to fingers and were cuts. Unsafe acts like operating without permission contributed to accidents. The goal is to understand accident causes to implement preventative measures and reduce future incidents.
The document discusses the history and evolution of industrial safety. It begins by defining industrial safety as measures implemented to reduce risk of injury in manufacturing facilities. It then discusses how industrial safety has evolved from a focus on compensation to prevention and addressing long term hazards. Key aspects covered include categories of workplace hazards, legislation like OSHA, and the modern view of safety measures as an investment. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the development and current approach to industrial safety.
A Risk Assessment Study on Occupational Hazards in Cement IndustryIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a risk assessment study of occupational hazards in the cement industry. It identifies major hazards like fires, toxic gas releases, explosions, and corrosion. It examines a cement plant in India, studying physical health issues, noise exposure, and ergonomic risks to workers. Guidelines are provided to management on controlling health problems and improving workplace safety, such as monitoring hazards, providing protective equipment, training workers, and engineering controls to reduce risks.
Unit 203 Work Safely in the Waste & Recycling Industryrfelters
This document provides information on health and safety in the waste and recycling industry. It outlines 5 key learning outcomes related to identifying hazards and risks, conducting risk assessments, emergency response procedures, proper personal protective equipment use, and managing assigned work. The waste and recycling industry has a poor safety record, with injuries primarily from manual handling, slips and trips, and being struck by vehicles. Employers are responsible for conducting formal documented risk assessments and keeping health and safety policies and documentation.
Employsure Infographic The Cost of an Unsafe Workplace Employsure AU
Already in 2017 there have been over 76 workplace fatalities Australia-wide, at a devastating cost to both employees and employers. Employsure informed their clients of the cost of an unsafe workplaceby visualising the statistics in an infographic. Common workplace injuries and illnesses are featured by industry along with a checklist to identify and fix safety risks in the workplace. Employsure is a workplace relations specialist helping Australian and New Zealand SME's succeed by creating fair and safe workplaces. Visit our website for an embed code.
Call us: 1300 651 415
Visit us at: https://employsure.com.au/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/empl...
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/employsure.c...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Employsure
A study about the status of implementation on safety standards and legal requ...VISHNU VIJAYAN
This document discusses a study on the status of implementation of safety standards and legal requirements pertaining to construction safety in Kerala, India. It finds that despite advances in technology and safety legislation, accidents remain common in the construction industry. Through site visits, interviews, and document analysis of several construction projects, the study evaluated the implementation of important statutory safety requirements. It identified lack of compliance with safety standards and proper implementation of relevant laws as major causes of accidents. The document emphasizes that proper implementation of construction safety laws and standards can prevent many accidents and calls for increased awareness of safety practices.
1. The document discusses accident investigation procedures and requirements in Malaysia. It outlines the stages of an accident investigation including notification, investigation, reporting, discussion, and follow-up on recommendations.
2. Employers must notify the authorities within a certain period of any accidents. Various acts and regulations specify requirements for accident notification forms and procedures.
3. A full accident report is then prepared containing investigation findings on the causes and effects of the accident as well as recommendations to prevent future occurrences.
4. The document provides guidance on planning accident investigations before and after an incident, and on determining appropriate investigators. Thorough, systematic analysis is important to identify all contributing factors.
Similar to The origin of the industrial accidents (20)
No tienes información e investigación fiable que habilitan o ninguna idea de la relación, que puede existir entre el uso de Equipos de Protección Individual (EPI) y colectiva (EPC) por los trabajadores y el porcentaje de accidentes porque los trabajadores no hacen uso de estos dispositivos. Este artículo no pretende entrar en los méritos de la ausencia de información completa, obtenida en la investigación de las causas de los accidentes, pero trae los resultados de una investigación realizada con los trabajadores sobre este tema.
The article deals with the identification through field research in the understanding of the workers about the risks and how these may be protected by individual protection equipment.
A água é o alvo das bussolas de todas as organizações e mesmo da população em geral. Com o mau uso da água e as eventuais dificuldades de reposição nos reservatórios devido a mudanças climáticas e interferências humanas nos ambientes naturais, passará a ser um bem de consumo de elevado valor econômico.
O documento discute o crescimento do mercado de seguros de responsabilidade civil para executivos (D&O) no Brasil devido a exigências legais mais rigorosas e aumento de processos judiciais contra empresas. Um professor explica que esses seguros cobrem erros e omissões não intencionais de executivos, mas não cobririam escândalos financeiros intencionais. As coberturas podem ser personalizadas para cada cliente, mas os preços aumentam com maior exposição ao risco.
A associação entre a liderança e os acidentes é muito maior do que se imagina. Empresas onde há liderança pró-ativa apresenta níveis de segurança do trabalho sempre maiores.
O documento discute a percepção, compreensão e avaliação de riscos com base nos resultados de pesquisas de campo com trabalhadores de construção civil e indústrias de óleo e gás. As pesquisas analisaram como os trabalhadores percebem, compreendem e avaliam os riscos por meio de questionários. Os resultados mostraram que os trabalhadores estão cientes dos riscos, mas muitas vezes se expõem a eles em troca de benefícios financeiros. A compreensão dos riscos e avaliação precisa deles é importante para a prevenção
Trata o artigo de considerações emitidas a respeito do incêndio que atingiu uma área de depósito de produtos químicos junto ao Porto de Santos, em Alemoa. O artigo foi redigido e publicado antes que o incêndio tivesse sido considerado extinto pelo Corpo de Bombeiros.
O artigo traz a discussão a respeito da importância do conhecimento dos cenários, positivos e negativos, com os quais os empresários se defrontam continuamente, para ajustar as bússolas de seus empreendimentos e investimentos.
Este documento apresenta uma metodologia para compor cenários críticos que ampliam riscos. A metodologia envolve identificar perigos e, com base na experiência, estimar cenários futuros e os riscos associados. O documento também discute como determinar as consequências e perdas financeiras de cada cenário crítico.
Através da Editora Roncarati, na Revista Opinião.Seg, apresenta-se artigo extremamente relavante identificando os níveis de insegurança existentes em hotéis e similares que podem por em risco a segurança dos hóspedes.
O documento discute considerações gerais sobre autovistoria de edificações de acordo com a Lei Estadual do Rio de Janeiro no 6.400/2013. Aborda a importância da qualidade técnica das vistorias para o sucesso da avaliação e fatores que podem comprometer a estrutura de edifícios ao longo do tempo, como alterações no entorno ou uso indevido. Também descreve brevemente requisitos do Código de Segurança contra Incêndio e Pânico do Rio de Janeiro.
Este documento analisa a utilidade social e a eficiência no setor mutualista português. Discute os conceitos de utilidade social e eficiência, e como medir cada um. Aplica um modelo de fronteira estocástica para medir a eficiência de custos de associações mutualistas portuguesas. Conclui que a utilidade social fundamenta a existência das mutualidades, enquanto a eficiência viabiliza-a, e que ambos são importantes para o desenvolvimento do mutualismo em Portugal.
O documento discute a evolução dos programas de gerenciamento de riscos. Inicialmente, as avaliações de risco eram intuitivas, baseadas na experiência do avaliador. Posteriormente, passou-se a exigir relatórios de engenheiros, melhorando a cultura de aceitação de riscos. Nos EUA, em 1963, surgiu a gerência de riscos com foco na análise, quantificação e redução de perdas. No Brasil, foi importada como gerência de seguros, focando nos custos de cobertura.
Este documento fornece respostas a perguntas frequentes sobre o Teste de Adequação de Passivos estabelecido na Circular Susep no 457/12. As respostas abordam questões como compensações entre fluxos de caixa, segregação de provisões, atualização de valores e utilização de premissas alternativas. O documento esclarece os procedimentos a serem seguidos no cálculo e registro do TAP.
Este documento discute a teoria do risco e métodos de precificação de seguros. Aborda conceitos como prêmio de risco, prêmio esperado e prêmio comercial, além de exemplos ilustrativos. Também apresenta métodos de tarifação como julgamento, sinistralidade e prêmio puro. Por fim, discute o modelo do risco individual anual e suas hipóteses.
Esta tese explora o uso de transformadas de Fourier e Laplace na teoria do risco coletivo. A tese descreve modelos clássicos de risco e modelos de renovação, e apresenta resultados sobre distribuições agregadas de sinistros e probabilidades de ruína nesses modelos usando transformadas. A tese também discute métodos para inverter transformadas e calcular probabilidades de ruína numericamente.
O documento apresenta breves noções sobre a teoria da utilidade e sua aplicação em seguros. Discutem-se conceitos como funções de utilidade para explicar por que agentes podem pagar mais do que o valor esperado de perdas para fazer seguro. Exemplos ilustram como funções de utilidade não lineares podem afetar a preferência entre jogos de azar com iguais ganhos esperados. A teoria da utilidade fornece uma abordagem para tomada de decisões sob incerteza.
O documento apresenta uma introdução sobre técnicas atuariais de seguros, abordando conceitos básicos como os elementos essenciais de um contrato de seguro, classificações de seguros, análise de riscos, prêmios, indenizações e fundamentos técnicos.
1) O documento descreve as tábuas de mortalidade, que são tabelas estatísticas que estimam a probabilidade de morte de acordo com a idade com base em dados históricos de mortalidade.
2) A primeira tábua de mortalidade calculada cientificamente foi publicada pelo astrônomo Halley em 1693. Atualmente nos EUA, a tábua mais usada é a "American Experience Table of Mortality" de 1868.
3) As tábuas de mortalidade seguem 100.000 pessoas desde os 10 anos até a morte da última,
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
The origin of the industrial accidents
1. The origin of the industrial accidents
Antonio Fernando Navarro[1]
Introduction:
We propose here present and associate the origin of the industrial accidents and existing laws,
without drawn parallels with comparative stats and, but and so only so simple, present the question, which
concerns all those who, like us, we work in HSE activities, whether in the supervision of works, in the
elaboration of standards or procedures, managing the activities or in the deployment or implementation of
integrated management systems.
We ran into were for a long time with this question involving the origin of accidents, after much
research and write about it we realized that the source of accidents may be the most diverse possible, since
the causes are distinct, involving not only the employee, but also the company, its culture and environment,
and the work, with its difficulties and conditions of execution of tasks, including the use of tools and
equipment, often unknown. It turns out that a simple equation with three unknowns cannot be resolved
unless you replace at least two of the unknowns. In the language of mathematics may mean that if you're
substituting unknown values or situations not known for something you can stipulate. In certified companies
and with high technical standards, is to assume that the environment and working conditions are good, in the
same way that the worker, before starting your activities will undergo training and evaluation periods. But
does that really matter? We haven't had updated spreadsheets that secrete accidents by companies that are
certified or not. One thing, however, we can come to a consensus, which is that the mere participation of the
worker as a cause of the accident is a complex thing.
Discussion of the theme:
In 11/19/1984, FENASEG (National Federation of Insurances Companies) Newsletter, no. 789,
16th year, in space intended for Studies and Opinions, under the title: Why an accident at work occurs, thus
expressing us:
What are the reasons why accidents occur? What they represent for the nation, for employers
and for insurance companies?
The Decree Law of n9 83,080/79 defines the workplace accident as being one that occurs at
work in the service of the company, causing personal injury or functional disturbance that causes
death, or loss or permanent or temporary reduction of working capacity. Equipped to work accident,
among others. for the purposes of granting benefits:
a) occupational disease or work;
b) accident suffered by the employee at the time and place of work due to acts of sabotage or terrorism
(practiced even by coworker, intentional physical injury caused by work-related dispute, recklessness,
negligence or malpractice of third parties, including co-workers), Act of private person the use of
reason, landslide, flood or fire;
2. c) accident suffered by the employee, even though outside the workplace and working hours, in the
execution of the order or performing service under authority of the company, in the provision of any
service to the company wanted to avoid injury or provide benefit in the company's service trip, on the
way to work or this for that, en route to the location of meal or back him in working range.
As the definition of industrial accident and well wide, covering not only, as one might assume, at first
the accident suffered by an employee of a company, at the time and place of work and in the execution
of a certain task.
Statistically many are the ways to evaluate the incidence of accidents at work. they are: frequency
Rate, rate of gravity and Severity assessment index.
The Brazil, in the early 70, was champion in work accidents. Unfortunately there were also the "greatest" and
the "best" in accident rates. Much has been made since then, with the objective of reducing these indexes the
values considered as acceptable by international bodies. However, even today, despite all the effort, our
percentages are quite high. The FUNDACENTRO in article: BRAZIL, 1980: statistics of industrial
accidents; catalogued the accidents, based on work of DATAPREV and M.P.A.S.. To exemplify with some
actual data obtained through the coordination of Informatics of the Ministry of Planning of the INPS, we cite
some data for the base year of 1980.
I) Typical Accident:
•
•
Occupational disease:
Path crash:
1,404,531 accidents (95.9%)
3,713 crashes (0.3%)
55,967 accidents (3.8%)
II) Indices by accident settled
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Simple accident medical assistance:
Temporary incapacity less than 15dias:
Temporary disability greater than 15dias:
Permanent disability with additional aid:
Permanent disability with accident aid:
Retirement due to disability:
Deaths:
207,375 (13.8%)
791,504 (52.6%)
473,964 (31.5%)
9,911 (0.6%)
13,118 (0.9%)
4,896 (0.3%)
4,824 (0.3%)
III) accident rates by sector of activities more significant until the 10th placement:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cork and wood industry:
furniture industry:
mineral extraction industry:
administration of ports and airports:
metallurgical industry:
beverage industry:
food industry:
mechanical engineering:
construction:
27.3%
20.6%
l8 .7%
15.1%
14.2%
13.4%
12.8%
12.7%
12.3%
IV) index of man-days lost until the 5th placing
•
•
construction:
Cork and wood industry:
23,055,472
6,992,659
3. •
•
•
retail trade:
mechanical engineering:
food industry:
5,954,939
5,756,678
5,411,544
After the presentation of these numbers can have a pale idea of representing the work accidents
for the Parents, for Employers and Insurers. However, asked if those numbers could not be reduced to a
minimal, or who knows, completely eliminated? The total elimination is not possible, because of the
possibility of an accident is not dependent on a single factor, but rather a multitude of factors, including
aggravated by conditions at the moment.
A worker at end of shift is always more prone to accidents than in beginning of round. The loss
of your football team to another team is also a dominant factor for the occurrence of accidents. Periods of
economic recession, paydays, end of month, eve of public holidays, etc., are factors that promote the
emergence and accidents. As it turns out, any factor that motivates the psycho-social imbalance in the human
being is a factor of accident;
Now imagine that all of these factors can occur with each of the members of a community
worker, all the moments, involving participants and third parties. What is observed is that the Elimination of
accidents is a work impossible. However, the reduction is always possible provided they are created
conditions of work, adequate training and appropriate equipment and materials.
Recently, a fact that attracted our attention, presented by the most widely circulated newspapers.
It was a meeting of more than 1,000 people in a northeastern city, showing part of the upper limbs amputated
by pulping of sisal. The scene presented the people exposing the parts of your Coro amputated was shocking
to all of us. What was missing to those men and women who had not been injured? Will a proper machine
would not have been enough already, or maybe a specific training for this type of operation? There was talk,
too, that these people receive for production, that is, earn from what they produce. In this condition the faster
work more produce and, consequently, more will receive. If we set our logical sequence of facts presented,
we will see that these are people, without much or any resource, working without any type of training and
inadequate equipment, technique and adverse conditions. Now, all of these factors are opposed to any
measure of prevention or eradication of accidents. The result is a meeting of more than 1,000 people
exposing their wounds and fighting for their rights.
Section XV, the consolidation of labor laws, in particular article 200, addresses the regulatory
standards, presenting some preventive considerations (emphasis added), as follows:
It is the responsibility of the Ministry of labour establish additional provisions to the rules of
this Chapter, in order to the peculiarities of each activity or sector of work, especially on:
1.
accident prevention measures and personal protective equipment in construction, demolition
or repairs;
2. depots, storage and handling of fuels, Flammables and explosives, as well as transit and
sojourn in the respective areas;
4. 3. work in excavations, tunnels, galleries, mines and quarries, especially regarding the
prevention of explosions, fires, landslides and burial, elimination of dust, gases, etc., and rapid
output facilities of the employees;
4. fire protection in General and the appropriate preventive measures, with special coating
requirements to doors and walls, fire walls, building dikes and other screens, as well as
general warranty easy circulation, access corridors and large and protected outputs, with
adequate signaling;
5. protection against heat stroke, heat, cold, humidity and winds, especially at work in the open,
with provision for this, drinking water, housing and prophylaxis of endemic diseases;
6. protection of workers exposed to harmful chemicals, ionizing radiation and non-ionizing
radiation, noise, vibration or abnormal vibrations and pressures at the workplace, with
specification of appropriate measures for elimination or mitigation of those effects, the
maximum exposure time, the intensity of the action or its effects on the body of the worker,
compulsory medical examinations, age limits, permanent control of workplaces and other
requirements necessary to be;
7. hygiene at workplaces, with breakdown of requirements, sanitary facilities, with separation of
sexes, showers, lavatories, changing rooms and individual lockers, cafeterias or comfort
conditions during meals, drinking water supply, cleaning conditions of workplaces and
providing for its execution, industrial waste treatment;
8. employment of colors at the workplace, including the signs of danger.
9. Sole paragraph-in the case of ionizing radiation and explosives, the detailed rules referred to in
this article shall be issued in accordance with the resolutions adopted by the technical respect.
The evolution of the techniques of prevention:
Throughout the time of implementation of this legal device, always occurred some distortions,
is about the understanding or implementation of the measures recommended in its various chapters and
articles.
It should be noted that since the 40, and therefore the more than sixty years ago, there was the
concern of legislators to worker safety, being necessary specific preventive measures, whereas the industrial
accidents occur normally without any control and worker protections were underperforming. Therefore, it
can be said that the mention of the accident prevention measures and personal protective equipment in
construction, demolition or repairs was one of the major progress achieved in this area.
In our assessment of the problem we understand that the occurrence of an accident depends,
fundamentally, of groups of distributed and intertwined factors as follows:
5. I) Human Being:
The human contribution to the occurrence of accidents may be due, among others, the following
factors (treated here so reduced, because it is not subject of this discussion):
Main Factors
Hunger
Disease
Drug Addiction
Rush
Inattention
Stress
Community Contributes Factors
Poor diet
Lack of food
Feel ill be
Use of drugs that affect your balance or understanding
Use of legal drugs or not, that undermine the understanding or the
performance of the employee
End of the journey
Termination of service
Hunger
Feel ill be physical or emotional
Pressure by the end of the activity
Excessive journeys
Abnormal situations in the work environment, as for example, the
proximity of electrical power failure, the immediate need for an
adjustment or repair a piece of equipment, the momentary interruption of
a sector of the company, among others.
Disease
Hunger
Ill be physical or emotional
Possibility of the football team win or lose later
Possibility to receive any calls, either for a new job or home, for some
problem
Family problems
Financial problems
Physical conditions of the work environment
Adverse environmental conditions
Excessive conversations around
Excessive journeys
Disease
Hunger
Possibility of layoffs at work or cutting people or reduction of activities
Work environment
6. Lack of training or training
Lack of skill
Lack of knowledge
Psychological problems
Family problems
Adverse environmental
conditions
Ergonomic aspects
Interpersonal relationships at work
Adverse environmental conditions
Excessive journeys
Dark, dimly lit or excessively illuminated
Pressure by the completion of the tasks
Pressure by supervisors or colleagues
No training
Training poorly transmitted
Low capacity of assimilation
Understanding of training
Understanding of the activity
Lack of skill
Culture
School training
Diseases/disorders
Disorders caused by pressure
Motivational factors
Diseases in family
Financial pressures
Cold
Heat
Moisture
Vibration
Moving of machines and equipment
Workstation
Desktop
· Noise
· Cold or heat
· Vibration
· Excessive Insolation
· Lack or excess lighting
· Excessive Conversations around
Working conditions
It can be observed that many factors community contributes end for repeating, at various times.
The "hunger" which can lead to a rush to the end of the activity also generates the "inattention".
4.3 Environment:
Numerous are the factors related to middle which surrounds the worker, or is in their
surroundings, which may promote the occurrence of an accident. Some of these are:
•
No indication of the places of risks;
•
No local protection of risks;
•
Transit of equipment or vehicles in the vicinity of the workplace;
•
Dangerous activities nearby (pile driving, enforcement of industrial assemblies, realization of welds
and cut, among others);
•
Lack of full visibility of all risks in the surroundings;
•
Place hot or dusty;
7. •
Place messy or dirty;
•
Low lighting or excessive brightness.
4.4 conditions:
Are all those that come to facilitate the occurrence of an accident. Can be translated as the
missing link in the chain.
An employee, using a circular saw for cutting a Board, without employing the PPE
recommended for the activity, you can get hurt if you're called to attention by your tender, so untimely, or by
simply passing someone or something to call attention. In this case, the concern of the supervisor, or the
momentary inattention may be the main reason of the occurrence of the accident. An employee who is not
with a proper health condition may not have the performance required for the execution of the activity. This
can be the propitious situation.
4.5 external factors:
As external factors can have all those who are in the surroundings of the employee or that
surround it. E.g.: an employee who is running a weld on a pipe and suddenly realizes that a backhoe comes
toward you, even though she doesn't want to, will be affected, in its quietness for this movement. Another is
made, if there is a material handling about you, that hurts your concentration. These external factors are
dynamic. There are also static factors such as air humidity, ambient temperature, illumination of the
workplace, among others.
4.6 material Factors:
The material factors are those of which the worker uses to carry out its tasks. This group has:
portable tools or not, equipment, countertops, support materials, and other activities. A tool that was
delivered to the employee without having been properly inspected and problems can be one of the risk
factors that cause accidents.
[2] Legal references labour inspection in Brazil dating back to the 19th century, as the Decree
No. 1313 of 1/17/1891, but the same just rules for the work of children in the Federal District (at the time,
the city of Rio de Janeiro) and has never been respected. It was up to States the competence to legislate on
the work and inspection was poisoned by employers ' interests. The Decree 3,550, 10/16/1918, created the
National Labour Department, fitting to this Department to the enforcement of laws on industrial accidents,
journey, vacations, work of women and minors and Union organizing. In 1921 was established labour
inspection, circumscribed to the Distrito Federal (Rio de Janeiro). With the constitutional reform of 1926
established the competence of the Union to legislate on the job. The Decree 21690, 8/1/1932 created the
Regional Provinces in the States of the Federation, later transformed into regional Labor offices, by Decree
No. 2168, 5/6/1940. The Maritime work Stations were created by Decree n. º 23259, 10/20/1933, fitting them
to the work in ports, fishing and navigation. The DTM were extinguished during the Government of
8. President Fernando Collor de Mello. The mandatory reporting of industrial accidents to the police authority
was established by Decree No. 24637, 7/10/1934, which also provided for the imposition of administrative
fines, the National Department of labour. Decree-Law No. 1985, 1/19/1940 established the jurisdiction of the
Ministry of agriculture to oversee and establish work standards in the mines. The labour protection laws were
grouped in the consolidated labor laws – CLT, by Decree-Law No. 5452, 5/1/1943.
In 7/19/1947 the International Labour Organization -ILO adopts Convention No. 81, which
States that each ILO Member for which the Convention is in force, you must have a system of labour
inspection in industrial and commercial establishments. The Brazil ratified the Convention No. 81 of the
ILO, by Legislative Decree No. 24, 5/29/1956, promulgated by Decree No. 41721, 6/25/1957. Although the
Labour Inspector's career has been created by law No. 6479, 4/9/1944, just after the promulgation of
Convention No. 81 and issuance of the Decree, 3/15/1965, 55,841 regulation of labour inspection, which
structure the careers of labour inspection in the various specialties-labor Tax, occupational physician,
Engineer and Social worker, and establishes standards for inspection.
With regard to the historical development of labour legislation in Brazil we mention Law No.
5161, 10/21/1966, authorizing the creation of the National Center for safety, hygiene and occupational
medicine-FUNDACENTRO, whose title was amended by law No. 7133, 10/26/1983, National Foundation
Jorge Duprat Figueiredo of safety and occupational medicine.
The Decree 95461, 12/11/1987, reinvigorated the Decree No. 41721, 6/25/1957, agreeing the
Convention No. 81. The rule n. 32, November 29, 1968, DNSHT-National Department of labor safety and
hygiene, adopts provisions concerning the Organization of the internal accident prevention commissions,
regulating articles 158 and 164 of the CLT, with amended by Decree Law n. 229, of February 28, 1967.
In the 4/5/1971 Brazil denounced Convention No. 81, due mainly to article 6, which stipulates
that the status of officialdom should ensure the stability of the inspection staff and make them independent of
any change of Government or of any undue external influence, in addition to paragraph 2, article 11, which
provides for the restitution of all the associated costs of labour inspectors, necessary for the performance of
their duties.
The ministerial order No. 3237, July 17, 1972, which was part of the "Plan of recovery of the
worker" of the Federal Government, obligated the existence of occupational health services and workplace
safety engineering in all companies with one or more workers.
Law No. 6514, 12/22/1977, amended chapter V of title II of the CLT, concerning safety and
occupational medicine-articles 154 to 201. The ministerial order No. 3214, 6/8/1978, approves the regulatory
standards of safety and occupational medicine-NR. These rules have been altered over time, by several
Gatehouses.
Currently the Brazil adopts a series of conventions of the International Labour Organization
(ILO). The ILO conventions that have been ratified and promulgated by the Brazil have led to changes in
regulatory standards relevant to each subject covered by the said Convention. The regulatory norms have
been altered in recent years, both for the evolution of productive methods and labor relations as to conform
to ILO conventions promulgated by Brazil.
9. Analysis of Question:
For decades the work safety professionals has always been questioned about this theme. In
Brazil, these professionals began to be qualified, through specific training courses in the mid-1970. Until
then, there were engineering courses, in their curricular grids made mention of certain items relating to safety
conditions for workers. The rest of the world has already commented about job security since the Decade of
1950. Therefore, this concern for the safety of the work, translated by training specific professionals is not as
old as well. Here begins with the supervisors of work safety, which were nothing more than property security
professionals who received additional courses. These Supervisors were transformed into workplace safety
Technicians. How were the Technical Word title, began to be targeted by the Advice, especially the regional
engineering, architecture and Agronomy. Endless discussions, eternal procrastinators meant that only a small
percentage of these technicians spend part of CREAS. As for the training of engineers, the courses were
adapted from courses outside of Brazil, having been the first course taught between 1975 and 1976. In his
first title, were the Work of engineers. Subsequently, the work safety Engineers. There are still some aspects
which understand to be occupational safety engineers. There are distinctions between the work and the work,
but which do not bring benefits to the understanding of the proposed theme: the origin of the industrial
accidents.
So, this article lends itself to bring some contributions to the theme and the role exercised by
both the safety and the Technical security engineer, in the context of the origin of the industrial accidents.
The role of workplace safety professionals:
We can say that since it was enacted the consolidation of labor laws, in the Era Getulista
(Decree-Law No. 5,452, MAY 1, 1943), there was already a concern, at least materialized in Law, for issues
related to worker safety. In part, and this is not disclosed, it may be that this concern in an era in which the
Country lived a dictatorial regime, may have been due to the fact of admission of the nation of the United
Nations, what would happen years later, since at the time of the redaction of Decree-law the world was still
at war. The Brazil participated by sending the "GL" for Italy, providing mineral resources and initiating
industrial activities.
In 1978, through a Ministerial Decree nº 3,214 took, issued on 6/8/1978, and published in the
7/6/1978, was finally regulated in article 200 of the CLT, through the dissemination of regulatory norms
specific to activities related to human labor. Many of these regulatory norms were effectively implemented
years after, in the same way that were drawn up.
It is interesting to mention that, through law No. 7,410, of 11/27/1985, was regulated the
activity of work safety Engineer and the profession of occupational safety technician (formerly work safety
Supervisors). For being a very interesting text, we quote him:
Law nº 7,410, of 27 OVEMBER 1985
10. Adopts provisions concerning the expertise of engineers and architects in workplace safety Engineering, the
profession of technician Job security and other arrangements.
Art. 1st-the specialization of work safety Engineer will be allowed, exclusively:
I.
I-engineer or Architect, with certificate of completion of the specialization course on workplace
safety Engineering, to be taught in the country, in graduate level;
II.
II-certificate bearer of the specialization course on workplace safety Engineering, held in priority
character, by the Ministry of labor;
III.
III-to the holder of record of work safety Engineer, issued by the Ministry of labor, until the date
fixed in the regulation of law.
Art. 2nd-the practice of the profession of occupational safety technician is allowed exclusively:
IV.
bearer certificate of completion of course work safety technician, to be taught in the country in
educational establishment of 2nd degree;
V.
bearer certificate of completion of course work safety Supervisor, held in priority character by the
Ministry of labor;
VI.
the owner of record of work safety Supervisor, dispatched by the Ministry of labor, until the date
fixed in the regulation of this law.
The question to be presented is that a lot had knowledge of the predictability of the occurrences
of accidents, the same way that already had statistical information that could be employed in management
systems, unthinkable in the past. So, why the accidents are still happening? Existing legislation, after all, is
good, although prolix in many respects. What else is in the works, residential or industrial is the most total
non-compliance with the legislation. Except Honorable exceptions, which rely heavily on corporate culture
more than employees in other companies one realizes how much we should tread so that our country can be
considered as a country where labor laws are followed.
Conclusion:
When a topic becomes clear as the continuous occurrence of accidents, when you have the right
tools today hold the analysis of occurrences of accidents, including in order to trace the limits of containment
of deviations, first stage to give a fatal occurrence, when it has the comfortable standards and procedures to
be employed when there is an increasingly growing number of certified companies, why accidents keep
occurring? It seems that the answers are obvious, no? If they were, surely would have occurred the changes
needed.
There needs to be greater oversight on businesses that do not meet the law. The workers ' unions
should leave aside the strikes for the simple fact that they want to raise more and think about security of its
affiliates. Companies must seek changes in attitude and culture. The certification companies must review
their concepts for the granting of certificates to companies that do not comply with the laws. Sounds simple,
doesn't it? But getting out of your comfort zone to a zone of conflict, Yes, because change can mean conflict,
it's not as easy as that. While it is normal to die people to compose the statistical tables and all work with
numbers without the necessary proactive the scenario will be the same, with thousands of people maimed or
11. suffering in hospital queues to be serviced and healed. As it does not represent? So, if we consider that we
are experiencing a special moment of the nation's growth, with the lack of skilled labor. In this manner, we
cannot and we must not let anyone out in public. This is our first duty. To this end, we have to eliminate the
risks. If this is impossible, the next step may be to not accept the risk, but mitigates them and to protect
workers. This must be our mission. Protect workers, causing this concern arises. We, professionals of SMS
are mere inductors of culture change.
[1]
Antonio Fernando Navarro is a Civil Engineer, work safety Engineer and Master in health and environment, having
acted in industrial activities for more than 30 years, and professor at Fluminense Federal University-UFF in Actuarial
Sciences disciplines.
[2]
Text
extracted
from
Wikipedia
the
free
encyclopedia,
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Cronologia_da_Legisla%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Seguran%C3%A7a_e_Sa%C3%B
Ade_no_Trabalho_no_Brasil, accessed at 2/25/2012