Opera combines music, poetry, drama, and dance with elaborate costumes and scenery. It is normally divided into three acts containing an overture, recitatives, arias, choruses, and instrumental passages. The first opera, L'Orfeo, was performed in 1607 and was based on the myth of Orpheus. Initially performed in private homes, opera became popular public entertainment with the opening of the first opera house in Venice in 1637. In early operas, the highest singing roles were performed by castrati since women were not allowed to sing professionally. The most famous castrato was Farinelli.
This presentation explores basic information about opera. It briefly presents its history and evolution. It also presents a brief sample of the six major opera voices (three male and three female). This presentation was used in the backdrop to an oral presentation of the topic in an undergraduate class on Music History and as such it does not go into much detail on the slides. However, it may be useful for general knowledge and for persons seeking points of reference on the topic.
This presentation explores basic information about opera. It briefly presents its history and evolution. It also presents a brief sample of the six major opera voices (three male and three female). This presentation was used in the backdrop to an oral presentation of the topic in an undergraduate class on Music History and as such it does not go into much detail on the slides. However, it may be useful for general knowledge and for persons seeking points of reference on the topic.
Generally there are four basic theatrical forms: Tragedy, Comedy, Melodrama and Drama. It started with Tragedy that led to Comedy and together these two theatrical genres became the foundation upon where the modern theater genres are formed.
Generally there are four basic theatrical forms: Tragedy, Comedy, Melodrama and Drama. It started with Tragedy that led to Comedy and together these two theatrical genres became the foundation upon where the modern theater genres are formed.
Arrive at Opera as we know it today Peri’s and Monteverdi’s ope.docxjewisonantone
Arrive at Opera as we know it today: Peri’s and Monteverdi’s operas
Since the early twentieth century, European musical style has significantly changed its tradition for music as having take place around 1600.[footnoteRef:1] In general, it is described as the transition from Renaissance to Baroque style. Opera as an art originated from Italy in the 16th century and it spread out to Europe. This work is associated with drama, dance, vocal and visual music with impressive effects of the Greek and Romans. Orpheus was the greatest of musicians in ancient Greek mythology, it is challenging the gods with his capability to sing and play. Euridice by Peri and Orfeo by Monteverid are well-known works of early opera, which made use of Orpheus’ story and the same libretto. Peri’s Euridice is first survived and credited with early advances in opera composition as recitative and advancing Florentine Camerata’s ideas of Greek drama. On other hand, Monteverdi’s Orfeo Baroque operatic works include a variety of genres and types of styles. The text and plots are drawn from classical antiquity or ancient history, and the action involves a variety of special scenic effects.[footnoteRef:2] Because both works used the same libretto, in examining the two is very informative between two operas. Monteverdi’s opera is more widely known and performed today because it has a greater variety of musical style and richer sounds in instrumental and chorus. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the operas of Peri and Monteverdi’s libretto in various adaptations. This essay will cover an examination of monadic style works, instrumentations, and choral music. Ultimately, it will be shown that the conceptual and composers goals of Jacopo Peri and Claudio Monteverdi are in setting text to music. These ideas and changes effectively influenced the gradual growth of opera with the invention and improvement of today’s opera. [1: David Schulenberg, Music of the Baroque. New York; Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2014, 35.] [2: Schulenberg, 59.]
Before we examine Peri’s Euridice and Monteverdi’s Orfeo, it is necessary to acknowledge the experiments of Florentine Camerata. Florentine Camerata was an important group who met to discuss societies or academies and they were leading to write an ancient Greek and music. Florentine Camerata involved in Vincenzo Galilei and Giulo Caccini, but also Jacopo Peri, Ottavio Rinuccini, and Girolamo Mei participated. Florentine Camerata started with the experiment of stile recitative,which was a Greek style between speech and songs that was eventually called opera.
Rinuccini’s poems were a favorite subject for operas because the mythical hero is himself a singer and the combination of a simple action with a diversity of expressive situations.[footnoteRef:3] Peri was the monadic of the Florentine composers who wrote Eurydice, which is the earliest surviving opera with a completed setting of Rinuccini’s poem. It premiered on October 6, 1600 at .
Arrive at Opera as we know it today Peri’s and Monteverdi’s ope.docxfestockton
Arrive at Opera as we know it today: Peri’s and Monteverdi’s operas
Since the early twentieth century, European musical style has significantly changed its tradition for music as having take place around 1600.[footnoteRef:1] In general, it is described as the transition from Renaissance to Baroque style. Opera as an art originated from Italy in the 16th century and it spread out to Europe. This work is associated with drama, dance, vocal and visual music with impressive effects of the Greek and Romans. Orpheus was the greatest of musicians in ancient Greek mythology, it is challenging the gods with his capability to sing and play. Euridice by Peri and Orfeo by Monteverid are well-known works of early opera, which made use of Orpheus’ story and the same libretto. Peri’s Euridice is first survived and credited with early advances in opera composition as recitative and advancing Florentine Camerata’s ideas of Greek drama. On other hand, Monteverdi’s Orfeo Baroque operatic works include a variety of genres and types of styles. The text and plots are drawn from classical antiquity or ancient history, and the action involves a variety of special scenic effects.[footnoteRef:2] Because both works used the same libretto, in examining the two is very informative between two operas. Monteverdi’s opera is more widely known and performed today because it has a greater variety of musical style and richer sounds in instrumental and chorus. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the operas of Peri and Monteverdi’s libretto in various adaptations. This essay will cover an examination of monadic style works, instrumentations, and choral music. Ultimately, it will be shown that the conceptual and composers goals of Jacopo Peri and Claudio Monteverdi are in setting text to music. These ideas and changes effectively influenced the gradual growth of opera with the invention and improvement of today’s opera. [1: David Schulenberg, Music of the Baroque. New York; Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2014, 35.] [2: Schulenberg, 59.]
Before we examine Peri’s Euridice and Monteverdi’s Orfeo, it is necessary to acknowledge the experiments of Florentine Camerata. Florentine Camerata was an important group who met to discuss societies or academies and they were leading to write an ancient Greek and music. Florentine Camerata involved in Vincenzo Galilei and Giulo Caccini, but also Jacopo Peri, Ottavio Rinuccini, and Girolamo Mei participated. Florentine Camerata started with the experiment of stile recitative,which was a Greek style between speech and songs that was eventually called opera.
Rinuccini’s poems were a favorite subject for operas because the mythical hero is himself a singer and the combination of a simple action with a diversity of expressive situations.[footnoteRef:3] Peri was the monadic of the Florentine composers who wrote Eurydice, which is the earliest surviving opera with a completed setting of Rinuccini’s poem. It premiered on October 6, 1600 at ...
Page 94 Understanding MUsic MUsic of the BaroqUe Period.docxhoney690131
Page | 94
Understanding MUsic MUsic of the BaroqUe Period
1:08 Ritornello starts with opening
phrase. Opening phrase returns and
then a softer new phrase with oscil-
lating notes to depict the murmur-
ing brook;
Forte for the return of the opening
phrase; then forte repeated low
notes foreshadowing the appear-
ance of lightening.
“Murmuring streams” “caressed
by the breezes”;
1:49 Solo section. Solo violinist playing
rapid notes in groups of three to
represent lightning; answered by
low repeated note in other strings
representing thunder
“Thunderstorms…roar”
2:07 Orchestra plays the ritornello. Open-
ing theme (just three measures)
2:15 Solo section: Solo violin + 2 violins;
cello sustains a drone pitch. More
high-pitched, ornamented and re-
peated notes to represent
More chirping birds
2:33 Orchestra. Return of a motivic
fragment from the opening phrase
now more legato and repeated in a
sequence.
2:45 Solo violin + basso continuo. More
fast, repeated and oscillating notes
Final reference to birds and
streams
2:58 Orchestra: ritornello. Forte for the
first melodic phrase of the ritornel-
lo; last phrase ends piano
4.7 musiC of GeorGe frideriC handel (1685-1759)
George Frideric Handel was one of the superstars of the late Baroque period
He was born the same year as one of our other Baroque superstars, Johann Sebas-
tian Bach, not more than 150 miles away in Halle, Germany. His father was an at-
torney and wanted his son to follow in his footsteps, but Handel decided that he
wanted to be a musician instead. With the help of a local nobleman, he persuaded
his father to agree. After learning the basics of composition, Handel journeyed to
Italy to learn to write opera. Italy, after all, was the home of opera, and opera was
the most popular musical entertainment of the day. After writing a few operas, he
took a job in London, England, where Italian opera was very much the rage, even-
Page | 95
Understanding MUsic MUsic of the BaroqUe Period
tually establishing his own opera company and producing scores of Italian operas,
which were initially very well received by the English public. After a decade or so,
however, Italian opera in England imploded. Several opera companies there each
competed for the public’s business. The divas
who sang the main roles and whom the public
bought their tickets to see demanded high sala-
ries. In 1728, a librettist name John Gay and a
composer named Johann Pepusch premiered a
new sort of opera in London called ballad opera.
It was sung entirely in English and its music was
based on folk tunes known by most inhabitants
of the British Isles. For the English public, the
majority of whom had been attending Italian
opera without understanding the language in
which it was sung, English language opera was a
big hit. Both Handel’s opera company and his
competitors fought for financial stability, and
Handel had to find other ways to make a profit.
He hit on the id.
Page 94 Understanding MUsic MUsic of the BaroqUe Period.docxaman341480
Page | 94
Understanding MUsic MUsic of the BaroqUe Period
1:08 Ritornello starts with opening
phrase. Opening phrase returns and
then a softer new phrase with oscil-
lating notes to depict the murmur-
ing brook;
Forte for the return of the opening
phrase; then forte repeated low
notes foreshadowing the appear-
ance of lightening.
“Murmuring streams” “caressed
by the breezes”;
1:49 Solo section. Solo violinist playing
rapid notes in groups of three to
represent lightning; answered by
low repeated note in other strings
representing thunder
“Thunderstorms…roar”
2:07 Orchestra plays the ritornello. Open-
ing theme (just three measures)
2:15 Solo section: Solo violin + 2 violins;
cello sustains a drone pitch. More
high-pitched, ornamented and re-
peated notes to represent
More chirping birds
2:33 Orchestra. Return of a motivic
fragment from the opening phrase
now more legato and repeated in a
sequence.
2:45 Solo violin + basso continuo. More
fast, repeated and oscillating notes
Final reference to birds and
streams
2:58 Orchestra: ritornello. Forte for the
first melodic phrase of the ritornel-
lo; last phrase ends piano
4.7 musiC of GeorGe frideriC handel (1685-1759)
George Frideric Handel was one of the superstars of the late Baroque period
He was born the same year as one of our other Baroque superstars, Johann Sebas-
tian Bach, not more than 150 miles away in Halle, Germany. His father was an at-
torney and wanted his son to follow in his footsteps, but Handel decided that he
wanted to be a musician instead. With the help of a local nobleman, he persuaded
his father to agree. After learning the basics of composition, Handel journeyed to
Italy to learn to write opera. Italy, after all, was the home of opera, and opera was
the most popular musical entertainment of the day. After writing a few operas, he
took a job in London, England, where Italian opera was very much the rage, even-
Page | 95
Understanding MUsic MUsic of the BaroqUe Period
tually establishing his own opera company and producing scores of Italian operas,
which were initially very well received by the English public. After a decade or so,
however, Italian opera in England imploded. Several opera companies there each
competed for the public’s business. The divas
who sang the main roles and whom the public
bought their tickets to see demanded high sala-
ries. In 1728, a librettist name John Gay and a
composer named Johann Pepusch premiered a
new sort of opera in London called ballad opera.
It was sung entirely in English and its music was
based on folk tunes known by most inhabitants
of the British Isles. For the English public, the
majority of whom had been attending Italian
opera without understanding the language in
which it was sung, English language opera was a
big hit. Both Handel’s opera company and his
competitors fought for financial stability, and
Handel had to find other ways to make a profit.
He hit on the id.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
2. Opera combines music, poetry, drama and
dance with elaborate costumes and scenary to
create a spectacular form of entertaiment.
3. Normally, an opera is divided into three acts, with
the following elements:
● Overture: an instrumental piece of music played
by the orchestra before the opera begins.
Overture – Guillermo Tell de G. Rossini
● Recitative: fragments in which singers sing very
clearly (almostlike speaking), accompanied by
a harpsichord.
● Recitative – Las Bodas de Fígaro de W.A. Mozart
4. ● Aria: melodic fragments in which the singing is
more expressive.
Lascia ch'io pianga - Rinaldo (1711) de G. F. Händel
● Chorus: performed by a group of singers.
Va pensiero - Nabucco de G. Verdi
● Instrumental passages.
5. ● The first opera ever
performed was L`Orfeo by
Monteverdi (1607)
● The libretto (the text) is
based on the mythological
legend of Orpheus which
tells how Orpheus saved
his wife Eurydice from
death with his music.
● In the Baroque era, it was
very common to use
mythological tragedies for
the plot.
6. ● The first operas were
performed in the palaces or
homes of wealthy noblemen,
but, as they became more
popular, public theatres were
built to allow more people to
see the show (by buying a
ticket).
● The Teatro di San Cassiano,
in Venice, was the first public
opera house when it opened in
1637
7. As the Church didn’t allow
women to sing, the highest
voices were performed by the
castrati:
young men castrated when
they were boys to preserve
the high pitch of their voices.
The most famous castrati
was Farinelli, who worked at
King Philip V’s court for
several years.
23. ● El contenido de esta presentación tiene única y
exclusivamente carácter didáctico.
● Los textos han sido extraídos de la unidad AICLE
Baroque music, elaborada por Almudena Viéitez.
● Las imágenes han sido conseguidas a través del
buscador de Google o en páginas especializadas. Si
se ha vulnerado algún derecho de autor
comuníquemelo y se subsanará.
● Este material podrá ser usado por cualquier persona,
siempre que el fin sea pedagógico.
● Ángel López, Jefe del Departamento de Música del
IES Nazarí.
