We have derived a simple equation that can be used to more accurately estimate the time needed to implement a set of R software requirements given an average Defect ratio .
The equation results can also be used to adjust the development team work schedule, the number of developers, or the project number of software requirements.
It's a 1st Unit PPT of Subject Software Testing & Quality from the Book "Software Testing & Quality Assurance" by Kshirsagar Naik and Priyadarshi Tripathy
Software development is a process of dividing Software project works into distinct phases to improve design, quality and user interface.
This process is also known as software development life cycle.
Phases of software development are same for all trades such as .NET, PHP, website designing, Odoo development, Android development etc.
It's a 1st Unit PPT of Subject Software Testing & Quality from the Book "Software Testing & Quality Assurance" by Kshirsagar Naik and Priyadarshi Tripathy
Software development is a process of dividing Software project works into distinct phases to improve design, quality and user interface.
This process is also known as software development life cycle.
Phases of software development are same for all trades such as .NET, PHP, website designing, Odoo development, Android development etc.
Basically this slid will help to Learn software quality testing on scratch level.
Software testing is the quality measures conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service. Test techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs. It is an important part of the entire Software Development ensuring that the functionalities of the system are tested to the finest and assures the quality, correctness and completeness of the product. Software testing, depending on the testing method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development process.
Stages of testing:
o Test planning
o Test Analysis
o Test verification & Construction
o Test execution
o Defect tracking and management
o Quality Analysis Bug tracking
o Report
o Final testing & implementation
Agile Development | Agile Process ModelsAhsan Rahim
Agile Development | Agile Process Models
Here you are going to know What is Agile Development & What are Agile Process Models for the development of Software Product.
What are different types of Agile Development, steps involve in Agile Development, XP, Scrum, Traditional Process Models with full text and animated description.
Software Process Models defines a distinct set of activities, actions, tasks, milestones, and work products that are required to engineer high-quality software...
For more knowledge watch full video...
Video URL:
https://youtu.be/3Lxnn0O3xaM
YouTube Channel URL:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKVvceV1RGXLz0GeesbQnVg
Google+ Page URL:
https://plus.google.com/113458574960966683976/videos?_ga=1.91477722.157526647.1466331425
My Website Link:
http://appsdisaster.blogspot.com/
If you are interested in learning more about topics like this so Please don't forget to like, share, & Subscribe to us.
YouTube channel : https://www.youtube.com/c/prelrik
This course of slides are very useful for beginners or less experienced testers. The course focuses to teach how actually testers work in LIVE environment.
DURGASOFT is INDIA's No.1 Software Training Center offers online training on various technologies like JAVA, .NET, ANDROID,HADOOP,TESTING TOOLS , ADF, INFORMATICA,TALLEAU,IOS,OBIEE,ANJULAR JA, SAP...courses from Hyderabad & Bangalore - India with Real Time Experts.
QA Interview Questions With Answers from software testing experts. Frequently asked questions in Quality Assurance (QA) interview for freshers and experienced professionals.
What are the Key drivers for automation? What are the Challenges in Agile automation and How to deal with them? How to automate? Who will automate? Which tool to select? Commercial or open source? What to automate? Which features? Here is what our experience says
This presentation stipulates that there is a defined ratio of Scope Creep above which Agile approaches lose their edge and become less efficient than methodologies that favor significant Upfront planning and freezing of total work to do.
Site Reliability Engineering: An Enterprise Adoption Story (an ITSM Academy W...ITSM Academy, Inc.
Presenter: Perry Statham
SRE Squad Leader with IBM Cloud DevOps Services
In this presentation, the IBM DevOps Services SRE team will give a brief introduction to Site Reliability Engineering, then show how they adopted its principals in their existing enterprise organization.
Basically this slid will help to Learn software quality testing on scratch level.
Software testing is the quality measures conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service. Test techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs. It is an important part of the entire Software Development ensuring that the functionalities of the system are tested to the finest and assures the quality, correctness and completeness of the product. Software testing, depending on the testing method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development process.
Stages of testing:
o Test planning
o Test Analysis
o Test verification & Construction
o Test execution
o Defect tracking and management
o Quality Analysis Bug tracking
o Report
o Final testing & implementation
Agile Development | Agile Process ModelsAhsan Rahim
Agile Development | Agile Process Models
Here you are going to know What is Agile Development & What are Agile Process Models for the development of Software Product.
What are different types of Agile Development, steps involve in Agile Development, XP, Scrum, Traditional Process Models with full text and animated description.
Software Process Models defines a distinct set of activities, actions, tasks, milestones, and work products that are required to engineer high-quality software...
For more knowledge watch full video...
Video URL:
https://youtu.be/3Lxnn0O3xaM
YouTube Channel URL:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKVvceV1RGXLz0GeesbQnVg
Google+ Page URL:
https://plus.google.com/113458574960966683976/videos?_ga=1.91477722.157526647.1466331425
My Website Link:
http://appsdisaster.blogspot.com/
If you are interested in learning more about topics like this so Please don't forget to like, share, & Subscribe to us.
YouTube channel : https://www.youtube.com/c/prelrik
This course of slides are very useful for beginners or less experienced testers. The course focuses to teach how actually testers work in LIVE environment.
DURGASOFT is INDIA's No.1 Software Training Center offers online training on various technologies like JAVA, .NET, ANDROID,HADOOP,TESTING TOOLS , ADF, INFORMATICA,TALLEAU,IOS,OBIEE,ANJULAR JA, SAP...courses from Hyderabad & Bangalore - India with Real Time Experts.
QA Interview Questions With Answers from software testing experts. Frequently asked questions in Quality Assurance (QA) interview for freshers and experienced professionals.
What are the Key drivers for automation? What are the Challenges in Agile automation and How to deal with them? How to automate? Who will automate? Which tool to select? Commercial or open source? What to automate? Which features? Here is what our experience says
This presentation stipulates that there is a defined ratio of Scope Creep above which Agile approaches lose their edge and become less efficient than methodologies that favor significant Upfront planning and freezing of total work to do.
Site Reliability Engineering: An Enterprise Adoption Story (an ITSM Academy W...ITSM Academy, Inc.
Presenter: Perry Statham
SRE Squad Leader with IBM Cloud DevOps Services
In this presentation, the IBM DevOps Services SRE team will give a brief introduction to Site Reliability Engineering, then show how they adopted its principals in their existing enterprise organization.
Independently from the DevOps movement but starting from the same problems, Google developed its own strategy defining a new specific role called SRE (Site Reliability Engineer). This introduction tries to explain the history and the concept of this methodology and to compare it with the DevOps manifesto to understand what does it mean to adopt DevOps and what does it mean to be an SRE and what the two things are sharing and where they diverge.
Software Engineering is the set of processes and tools to develop software. Software Engineering is the combination of all the tools, techniques, and processes that used in software production. Therefore Software Engineering encompasses all those things that are used in software production like :
Programming Language
Programming Language Design
Software Design Techniques
Tools
Testing
Maintenance
Development etc.
These days object-oriented programming is widely being used. If programming languages will not support object-orientation then it will be very difficult to implement object-oriented design using object-oriented principles. All these efforts made the basis of software engineering.
Aan de hand van onze visualisatie van de DevOps cyclus gaan we in deze sessie in op de verschillende mogelijkheden om DevOps te verbeteren. Uit welke fasen bestaat de DevOps cyclus, welke DevOps parctices kunnen hier geïmplementeerd worden en hoe vertaal je dit naar jouw organisatie?
Kijk op www.drivingDevOps.com
As cloud computing becomes of strategic importance in the enterprise, part of the solution is no longer on-premise but in the cloud, adding a layer of complexity. Edwin Chan demystifies performance testing of cloud systems and applications by addressing the following key questions: Is performance testing of cloud systems fundamentally different from testing on-premises applications? What are the best practices for performance testing of both cloud and on-premises systems? Performance testing of cloud systems is essentially the same as that of its on-premises counterpart with the exception of the key consideration of network latency. After clearing common misconceptions, Edwin shares the hot topic best practices—adopting an agile/lean methodology, conducting early performance testing, and automating the injection of test data. Discuss the challenges the testing team faces in these days of disruptive and fast-paced technology changes. Take back and apply some of the best practices that fit your organization’s need.
Effort estimation is the process of predicting the most realistic amount of effort (expressed in terms of person-hours or money) required to develop or maintain software based on incomplete, uncertain and noisy input.
Effort estimation is essential for many people and different departments in an organization.
Using data from completed software projects in the ISBSG repository, we will look at how people have gone about estimating their software projects and how well they did it. We will look at estimation techniques used, the accuracy of estimates and relationships between the estimates.
We will then offer practical tips and some steps you can take to determine how realistic your own estimates are. (IT Confidence 2013, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil))
This presentation focuses on evaluating the Degree of Systemicity (and applicability) of the EBMM-TRIADS based on the novel Integrative Propositional Analysis (IPA).
This presentation looks into 13 dimensions of 4 organizational cultures and compares them to highlight the potential challenges faced by a Business Analyst who has to transition from one culture type to the next.
This presentation provides some supporting evidence to facilitate the introduction and fostering of organizational roles responsible for Knowledge Engineering, Systems thinking, Systems Analysis, Systems Engineering and Business Analysis.
This presentation uses Systems Dynamics to demonstrate that project success can strongly depend on achieving a Critical Mass of properly understood and structured project Requirements that we refer to as Cohesive Requirements.
This presentation illustrates how to use Sparx Enterprise Architect Parametric Model features found in the Systems Engineering and Ultimate editions to simulate queuing systems.
This presentation describes a simple formula to estimate the average defect level (% of none met requirements) of a software product throughout its production cycles based on the probability of finding an unsuccessfully implemented requirements and the probability that this type of defect gets fixed.
The DSS presented in this document is a tool that improves the effectiveness of the decision making process that results in estimating, planning, and adapting: the products (software architecture, design specifications and code ), the activities (designing architecture, defining design specifications, and producing code) , and the measures of goodness (number of known requirements met, degree of resilience to new requirements, and degree of reusability) of the design and implementation phases of a Software Development Life Cycle.
This presentation explores the reasons why Project Stakeholders can have different perceptions of the same information and how BAs can promote effective listening skills that bridge reality gaps between stakeholders.
Insights into the benefits of adopting a business framework as the primary enabler of a software project such as the one advocated by the Microsoft Connected Health Framework
The benefits of phrasing Business Requirements in such a way that they only specify what is expected of a given system rather than how the system will be designed to meet its aim or mission.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
The non intuitive impact of software defects on development efforts time estimates
1. The Non-intuitive Impact of Software Defects
on Development Efforts Time Estimates
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
2. Motivation
• Many software development projects rely on software
implementation time estimates provided by the
development team to forecast the total duration of a
software implementation effort.
• This presentation takes a rational look at the non-intuitive
impact of software defects on development time estimates.
• We have derived a simple equation that can be used to
more accurately estimate the time needed to implement a
set of R software requirements .
• The equation results can also be used to adjust the
development team work schedule, the number of
developers, or the project number of software
requirements to implement.
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
3. Equation Variables
• R = number of requirements that need to be
implemented in the software
• I = mean implementation rate of software
requirements. I unit is in Requirements per time
unit (for example 23 requirements per week)
• D = mean implemented requirements defect
ratio. For example if D=20% then for every 10
implemented requirements, 2 of them are not
properly implemented.
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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4. Defect Ratio
• Many factors influence the value of the Defect
ratio such as
– Misunderstanding of requirements from the
designer and/or developer resulting in software
behavior that does not fully fulfill the
requirements
– Errors in software code
• The reader can refer to the Wikipedia article
on software bug for more details.
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
5. Defect Ratio
• The Defect ratio we are talking about is an
average value.
• This average (or mean) value can be
determined through historical metrics
gathered by the software development
organization or team over an appropriate
timespan and over a set of past development
efforts.
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
6. Defect Ratio
• The Defect ratio can also be determined as the
probability that an implemented requirement
generates a defect at any point in time during
an entire software development project.
• The reader can refer to our SlideShare
presentation “The dynamic interaction of
passed and failed requirements during
software testing” for further details on how to
calculate such probabilities.
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
7. The Equation
• T = time needed to implement a set of R
software requirements. It is given by this
equation [E]:
𝑅
𝑇=
𝐼(1 − 𝐷)
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
8. Equation Interpretation
• When the defect ratio is D = 0 then the time
needed to implement R software requirements is:
𝑅
𝑇=
𝐼
• “I (1-D)” represents an adjusted Implementation
rate that decreases in direct proportion to the
defect ratio. It captures the effect of rework
efforts that slow down production throughput.
• As the defect ratio varies from 0 to 1 , the time
needed to implement the set of R software
requirements increases in a non-linear way.
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
9. Equation Illustration
• Assume that R=100 requirements need to be
implemented at a rate I=10 requirements per
week
• The chart of T (time needed to implement the
100 requirements) as a function of D
(implemented requirements defect ratio) is
presented on the next slide
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
11. Equation Illustration
• In this example, when D=0 it takes 10 weeks
to implement the 100 requirements. This is
the common way of estimating
implementation time where defects rework is
not taken into account.
• Equation [E] explicitly incorporates the impact
of defects on the total time needed for
implementing the set of R requirements.
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
12. Non-intuitive Impact of Defects
• With a 20% Defect ratio, the implementation
time of the 100 requirements goes from 10
weeks to 12.5 weeks which is a 25% increase.
• A 30% Defect ratio results in 42% increase in
implementation time: T goes from 10 weeks
to 14.2 weeks!
• A 50% defect ratio results in 100% increase in
implementation time: T goes from 10 weeks
to 20 weeks!
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
13. Impact of High Defect Ratios
• As the Defect ratio approaches 100%, the
Implementation time grows at a faster rate
towards infinity.
• This behavior can be intuitively understood if one
considers that with 100% defect nothing gets
properly implemented and every requirement
needs to be re-implemented over and over again
leading to an infinite implementation time.
• What is not so easily understood is the non-linear
increasing rate of growth in Implementation time
as the Defect ratio increases.
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
14. Impact on Software Requirements
Implementation Rate
• Lets examine again the case where the Defect
ratio is D=0%. It would take 10 weeks to
implement the 100 requirements at a rate of 10
requirements/week.
• If the defect ratio is actually 30%, it now takes
14.2 weeks to implement the 100 requirements.
To implement the 100 requirements in the initial
10 weeks, the Implementation rate must
increase. Using [E]:
T = 10 = 100/(I x (1-0.3)
I = 100/(10 x 0.7) = 14.2 requirements/week
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
15. Impact on Software Requirements
Implementation Rate
• An implementation rate of I = 14.2
requirements/week can be obtained in several
ways:
– If the development team remains the same size,
then we must increase its weekly hours by 42%
– If weekly hours cannot be increased then we must
increase the size of the development team by
42%, so if we had initially 5 developers we now
need 2 more developers to have 7 developers!
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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Cohesion Consulting
16. Impact on Software Requirements Size
• With the Defect ratio D=30%, if we had to
keep the same development team size, the
same implementation rate, and the same
implementation time, then we must reduce
the number of requirements from 100 to:
T = 10 = R /(10 x (1-0.3)
R = 10 x 10 x 0.7 = 70 Requirements!
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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17. For Comments and Questions contact didier@pragmaticohesion.com
Copyrights (c) 2011-2013 Pragmatic
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