The document discusses the nine Muses of Greek mythology who were goddesses that represented inspiring literature, science, and the arts. It provides details on each of the nine Muses, including their associated domains of history, comedy, lyric poetry, music, hymns, epic poetry, dance, astronomy, and tragedy. The Muses are often depicted in artworks holding symbols of their domains and inspiring Apollo and other figures.

2. Concert of Apollo and the Muses on Mount Helicon (1565).
Maerten van Heemskerck (Dutch, 1498-1574).

3. The Muses in Greek mythology are the goddesses
of the inspiration of literature, science, and the
arts. They were considered the source of the
knowledge embodied in the poetry, song-lyrics,
and myths. Later the Romans adopted them as a
part of their pantheon.
The nine muses are:
1. Clio, History
2. Thalia, Comedy
3. Erato, Lyric poetry
4. Euterpe, Music, Song, and Elegiac Poetry
5. Polyhymnia, Hymns
6. Calliope, Epic poetry
7. Terpsichore, Dance
8. Urania, Astronomy and
9. Melpomene, Tragedy
A Muse (1887).
Konstantin Korovin (Russian, 1861-1939).

4. The nine muses on a Roman sarcophagus

5. Clio, the muse of history, or in a few
mythological accounts, the muse of lyre
playing, is a daughter of Zeus and
the Titaness Mnemosyne. She is often
represented with an open scroll of
parchment scroll or a set of tablets.
Clio, titled the Car of History by Carlo
Franzoni, 1819

6. Clio: the Muse of History.
Artemsia Gentileschi
(Italian, 1593- 1653).

7. Clio (1689). Pierre Mignard (1612-1695).
Clio, Charles Meynier
(French, 1768-1832).

8. Thalia, the Muse who presided over comedy
and idyllic poetry was the daughter
of Zeus and Mnemosyne, the eighth-born of
the nine Muses. She was portrayed as a young
woman with a joyous air, crowned with ivy,
wearing boots and holding a comic mask in her
hand.
Roman statue of Thalia from Hadrian's Villa

9. Thalia, Muse Of Comedy,
Louis-Michel van Loo,
(French, 1707 – 1771).

10. Thalia, Jean-Marc Nattier (French, 1685 – 1766).

11. Erato, the Muse of lyric poetry is often
shown with a wreath of myrtle and roses,
holding a lyre, or a small kithara.

12. Erato, Muse of Lyrical Poetry (1800).
Charles Meynier (French, 1768-1832).
Erato, Muse of Poetry.
Edward John Poynter
(English, 1836-1919).

13. Erato, The Muse Of Love Poetry,
François Boucher (French, 1703 – 1770).

14. Erato, Muse of Lyrics (1620). Giovanni Baglione
(Italian, 1566-1643).

15. Portrait of Mrs. Bates (née Harrop)
as Erato, the muse of lyric poetry,
(ca. 1780-81).
Angela Kauffman (1741-1807).

16. Thalia and Erato, (c.1680).
Louis de Boullogne the Younger (French, 1654-1733).

17. Euterpe, called the "Giver of delight",
was the muse of music. In late Classical
times she was named muse of lyric poetry
and depicted holding a flute.

18. Euterpe, 1872
Arnold Böcklin
(Swiss, 1827-1901).
The Muse of Music (1758).
Joseph-Marie Vien (French, 1716-1809).

19. Muse of Music.
Karl Ludwig Adolf Ehrhardt
(German, 1813-1899).

20. Melody (Musica) (ca. 1890-1902).
Kate Elizabeth Bunce
(English, 1858-1927).

21. The Muses Clio, Euterpe and Thalia (1652-1655). Eustache Le Sueur (1616–1655).

22. The Muse of Poesie (1886).
Konstantin Yegorovich Makovsky
(Russian, 1839–1915).

23. Polyhymnia, the Muse of sacred poetry,
sacred hymn, dance, and eloquence as well
as agriculture and pantomime, is depicted as
very serious, pensive and meditative, and
often holding a finger to her mouth, dressed in
a long cloak and veil and resting her elbow on
a pillar.
Polyhymnia is also sometimes credited as
being the Muse of geometry and meditation.

24. Polyhymnia, 1620,
Giovanni Baglione,
(Italian, 1573- 1644).
Polyhymnia, Francesco del Cossa,
(Italian, c. 1430 – c. 1477).

25. Polyhymnia,
Giuseppe Fagnani,
(Italian, 1819- 1873).

26. Calliope, the muse who presides over eloquence
and epic poetry, so called from
the ecstatic harmony of her voice, is spoken by
Ovid as the "Chief of all Muses."
According to Hesiod, she was also the wisest of
the Muses, as well as the most assertive.
Calliope is usually seen with a writing tablet in her
hand. At times, she is depicted carrying a roll of
paper or a book or wearing a gold crown.
Calliope, Muse of Epic Poetry (1798).
Charles Meynier (French, 1768-1832).

27. Calliope Mourning Homer (1812). Circle of
Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748-1825)

28. Calliope (1869).
Giuseppe Fagnani
(Italian, 1819–1873).

29. The Muse Calliope.
Ceasare Dandini
(Italian, 1595-1658).

30. Terpsichore "delight in dancing" was
muse and goddess of dance and chorus. She
lends her name to the word "terpsichorean"
which means "of or relating to dance". She is
usually depicted sitting down, holding a lyre,
accompanying the ballerinas' choirs with her
music. She is also a mother of the sirens
and Parthenope.
Roman statue of Terpsichore from Hadrian's Villa,

31. Terpsichore, Muse of Dance (1739).
Jean-Marc Nattier (French, 1685–1766).

32. Portrait of a Muse (1759).
Johann Heinrich Tischbein the Elder (German, 1722-1789).

33. Urania, the muse of astronomy is often associated
with Universal Love and the Holy Spirit. Eldest of the
divine sisters, Urania inherited Zeus' majesty and power
and the beauty and grace of her
mother Mnemosyne. She is usually represented with a
celestial globe to which she points with a little staff. She
is able to foretell the future by the arrangement of the
stars.

34. Astronomy (exh. 1850).
James Sant (British, 1820-1916).

35. Melpomene, initially
the Muse of Singing, became
the Muse of Tragedy, is often
represented with a tragic mask and
wearing the cothurnus, boots
traditionally worn by tragic actors.
Often, she also holds a knife or club
in one hand and the tragic mask in
the other.

36. The Muse Melpomene.
Nicolas-René Jollain (French , 1732-1804).

37. The Muses (1893).
Maurice Denis
(French, Symbolist, Les Nabis,
1870-1943).

38. Parnassus or Apollo and the Muses (c.1640).
Simon Vouet (French, 1590-1649).

39. A Muse (c. 1725).
Rosalba Carriera
(Italian, 1675-1757).

40. Four Muses and Pegasus on Parnassus
(circa 1650).
Caesar van Everdingen
(Dutch Golden Age, 1616 /1617–1678).

41. Artist and Muse (1898).
Jacek Malczewski
(Polish, 1854-1929).

42. Hesiod and the Muse (1891).
Gustave Moreau (French, 1826 - 1898).

43. The Muse (1895).
Gabriel de Cool (French, 1854-1908).

44. Muse and Medium (2009).
Bryan Larsen (American, 1975-)
PPS Mana