The document discusses the primary parts of the central processing unit (CPU). It identifies the control unit as controlling the functions of the CPU. It also mentions the protection test unit which works with the control unit to monitor functions. Additionally, it outlines the arithmetic logic unit for calculations and comparisons, the floating point unit for math operations, the memory management unit for addressing storage locations, and the bus interface unit for transferring data between components. The prefetch unit preloads instructions to allow looking ahead, while the decode unit decodes complex instructions into simpler ones. Registers temporarily hold data and instructions as they pass between CPU components.

1. The Microprocessor
LOMEL L. ALVARADO
BSCS PROFESSOR
CSPC 1

2. Primary Parts of the CPU
Control Unit (CU) At the risk of being obvious,
the control unit controls the functions of the
CPU.

3. Protection Test Unit (PTU) This part of the
CPU works with the control unit to monitor
whether or not functions are carried out
correctly.

4. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) The ALU
performs all of the calculations and comparative
logic functions for the CPU

5. Floating Point Unit (FPU) The FPU goes
by several other names, including the math
coprocessor, the numerical processing unit
(NPU), and the numerical data processor
(NDP).

6. Memory Management Unit (MMU) The
MMU handles the addressing and cataloging of
where data is stored in system memory.

7. Bus Interface Unit (BIU) The BIU
supervises the transfer of data over the bus
system between the other components of the
computer and the CPU.

8. The Prefetch Unit This unit preloads the
instruction registers of the CPU with instructions
from memory whenever the BIU is idle. This
allows the CPU to look ahead at future
instructions.

9. Decode Unit Many instructions are actually
combinations of simpler instructions. The
decode unit does just about what its name
suggests.

10. Registers Built into the CPU are a number of
holding areas and buffers that are used to
temporarily hold the data, addresses, and
instructions being passed around between the
CPU’s components.