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The Language
        of Risk
Translating between
       Business and
             Security
The potential harm that may
arise from a future event.
The Value of Risk Management

       “More than any other
  development, the quantification
    of risk defines the boundary
  between modern times and the
            rest of history.”
Peter L. Bernstein, Harvard Business Review, Mar.-Apr. 1996, p. 57-51.
Risk Management is
  Bigger Than Fire
Evolution of Risk Management

                    Renaissance
  Basic Games of                      The Birth of
                     Studies on
      Chance                           Insurance
                     Probability

                          Galileo             Lloyd’s
                          publishes           of
 Early dice made                              London
                          "Sopra le
 from sheep bones                             circa
                          Scoperte“
                          in 1630             1774
Measuring Risk is Hard
We’ve reduced this…




      …to this.   (ARO)(SLE)=ALE
You Cannot
Predict
Misfortune
• You do not know what
  the Average Rate of
  Occurrence is.
• Your best hope is to pull
  a plausible average out
  of the air
Guessing Doesn’t Count
               •You do not
               know the Single
               Loss
               Expectancy
               •You can only
               estimate the
               impact
Communicating Risk Is Harder
Education Is The Missing Piece

Finding a
Common
Language is Key
what are the
risks you face
everyday
malicious outsiders?
malicious insiders?
What
do you
 worry
 about
More
importantly…
What does your
business
worry about
How does a
business
know it is
doing well
Questions?

             Brandon Dunlap
Managing Director of Research
    bsdunlap@brightfly.com
            Twitter: bsdunlap

               Brightfly, Inc.
           www.brightfly.com
            Twitter: brightfly

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Introduction To The Language Of Risk

Editor's Notes

  1. The trials and tribulations of effective risk management, most notably, around the credible communication of risk to key decision makers and stakeholders, has become the tribal history of our profession. In this session, we will discuss strategies and tactics that work, gleaned from discussions and interviews with practitioners such as yourselves, from across the globe. We will also touch on where we have come from, and where we think the profession is headed with regards to risk management and how best to position yourself to take advantage of these emerging trends.
  2. In his 1998 book Against the Gods, Peter Bernstein describes how thinking about risk evolved in part because of changes in mathematical numbering systems, an understanding of the statistical basis of probability, and the rise in popularity of gambling.
  3. Although games of chance and gambling were depicted in Egyptian tomb paintings from 3500 B.C.E., it wasn’t until the Renaissance that a “scientific” or statistical basis for gambling was presented.GirolamoCardano, a sixteenth-century physician, gambler, and mathematician wrote Liber de LudoAleae (“Book on Games of Chance”) perhaps the firststudy of probability in cards, dice throwing, and gambling.“Sopra le Scoperte” (“On Playing Dice”) published in part for Cosimo II de Medici, the Grand Duke of Tuscany, whom Galileo had tutored in math. Cosimo II, ironically, upon taking power closed the Medici bank and swore off commercial activities as “degrading for a prince”.Lloyds of London was born in a coffee shop, owned by Edward Lloyd, near the Tower of London in 1687, in part because the shop was a gathering place for ship captains who shared news about past and upcoming voyages, trade routes, weather, and hazards. Those who wanted to share in a risk could sign their names on a board under the terms of a contract that all could see.From this practice arose the term “underwriters.”Like having your boss sign off on a risk acceptance form, eh?
  4. Equation from paper on financial risk modeling over time (http://129.3.20.41/eps/fin/papers/0502/0502013.pdf)Despite fantastic mathematical leaps in the quantification of financial risk, we have been woefully inadequate in applying the same discipline to Information Security risks.
  5. You don’t know what the odds are that you will get exploited on a given vulnerability, or that an employee laptop will “grow legs”, or any other risk for that matter.Many low-probability events are the highest impact.
  6. ChoicePoint’s stock dropped 15% on the news of exposing 162,000 people’s personal information to fraudulent access.Share volume was 3-6 times the average after the announcement.That 15% represented $630 million of shareholder wealth.Aug. 23rd: SBA Survey finds that the average employer with 20 employees pays about $7, 647 per employeein regulatory costs ($1,304 of this is tax compliance). The average cost per employee for large firms is about $5,282.Aug. 16th: In a filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission, TJX Companies stated its estimated cost for the computer intrusions it disclosed earlier this year has now reached a total of US$118 million. Sept. 3rd: Monster reports a breach that exposed 1.3 million resumes.Sept. 6th: Pfizer reports 3rd breach since June, latest incident involves 34,000 employee records.