1. Bruno Bettelheim was an Austrian-born American child psychologist and writer who spent 11 months in Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camps during the Holocaust before immigrating to the United States. 2. The essay criticizes the use of terms like "Holocaust", "genocide", and "martyrdom" to describe the Nazi extermination of 6 million European Jews. The writer argues these terms obscure the emotional experience and do not properly convey the brutality of the mass murder. 3. Specifically, the writer says calling it a "Holocaust" inaccurately connects it to religious sacrifice, "genocide" was a euphemism created by judges, and calling the victims "martyrs

1. THE HOLOCAUST
BRUNO BETTELHEIM’S
a presentation by
DAWA DOLMA LAMA
MANOJ SUNAR
NIRAJ PUDASAINI

2. CONTENTS
• Writer’s introduction
• About holocaust
• Inside essay
• Style and structure

3. BRUNO BETTELHEIM
( August 28,1903 – March 13,1990 )

4. • An Austrian- born American child psychologist and writer
• Earned a degree in philosophy at the University of Vienna, receiving his
doctorate in 1938 in psychology
• After the merging of Austria into greater Germany (April 1938) the
authorities sent him to Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camp for
11 months ,as a result of an amnesty declared for Hitler's
birthday(april,20 1939) he regained his freedom and arrived in USA as a
refugee
• Worked as a professor of psychology in university of Chicago from 1944
to 1973
• Also served as a director of the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School, a
home that treats emotionally disturbed children

5. • He gained reputation for his work on Freud, psychoanalysis and emotionally
disturbed children (autism)
• He was an award wining writer, he wrote many book in child psychology,
Freudian psychology, and about holocaust
• His famous books includes “Love Is Not Enough”, “Uses Of Enchantment” etc.
• At the end of his life he suffered from depression and paralysis, he committed
suicide by placing a plastic bag over his head

6. Holocaust.MP4

8. According to Oxford dictionary:
Holocaust /noun
1 [c] a situation in which many things are destroyed and many
people killed, especially because of war or a fire
2 the holocaust [sing.] the killings of millions of Jews by the
Nazis in the 1930s and 1940s
Genocide /noun
[u]the murder of a whole race or group of people
Martyr /noun
a person who suffers very much or is killed because of their
religious or political beliefs

9. WHAT WAS THE HOLOCAUST?
In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million.
The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933,
believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews,
thought "inferior," were an alien threat to the so called German
racial community.
By 1945, the Germans and their collaborators killed nearly two out
of every three European Jews as part of the "Final Solution," the
Nazi policy to murder the Jews of Europe which came to known as
holocaust.

10. Europe At The Height Of Nazi German Domination

11. The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored
persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi
regime and its collaborators.
Although Jews, whom the Nazis deemed a priority danger to Germany,
were the primary victims of Nazi racism, other victims included some
200,000 Roma (Gypsies), at least 200,000 mentally or physically
disabled patients who were murdered in the so-called Euthanasia
Program. Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and
behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists and
homosexuals.

12. GAS CHAMBERS

13. CYANIDE POW

14. INSIDE THE ESSAY
In this essay he shows his resentment for using the highly
technical and specially created term like holocaust, genocide or
martyrdom to the Nazi extermination of the 6 million European
Jews.
He believes that the term like holocaust, genocide, martyrdom are
all linguistic circumlocution. He even compares this word with the
Nazis term for extermination “the final solution of the Jews
people”.
He thinks that these technical terms separates intellectual from
the emotional experience.

15. HOLOCAUST
• The actual meaning of holocaust is brunt offering to god
for some great purpose.
• By using the term holocaust people are correlating the
most vicious mass murder and ancient deeply religious
nature.
• He believed that by saying it holocaust they are trying to
rob the only thing left to them, their uniqueness.
• He says that its blasphemy to call this must horrid mass
murder a holocaust.

16. GENOCIDE
• He also shows his disagreement to the term
genocide used by the Nuremberg judges.
• He accuse them for trying to hide the real pain of
mass murder behind polite, intellectual terms like
genocide made out of classical word.
• He says that genocide is a neologism made up from
Greek and Latin root which fail to connect with their
strongest feelings.

17. MARTYRDOM
• By calling them martyrs we falsify their fate.
• Martyrs are those who voluntarily undergoes the penalty of death
for refusing to reject their faith.
• But Nazis killed all Jews who had converted to Christianity
,atheist or deeply religious Jews.
• Jews didn’t die for their conviction and Nazis didn’t kill them for
their conviction they were killed because they stood in the way of
realization of an illusion.

18. By calling the victims, martyrs or burnt offering for our small
psychological relief it gives the meaning that they died for
some higher reason or they offer themselves which both are
not true.so its irrelevant to call them martyrs or burnt offering
because it will rob them of their last recognition or dignity “to
face and accept death”. Though it gives us a moral lift that
some of them fight back like in Warsaw ghetto and they
acted out of choice but by dwelling on those few resistant
fighter it will be unfair to those who didn’t fight back and
gave in and remained in their fate.

19. Features of the essay
Its an extended definition essay.
An essay which explains word, term or concept in depth
by providing a personal interpretation on what the
particular subject means is known as definition essay.
The term holocaust is an abstract term so it has different
meanings for different individuals since such terms play on
people feelings more than their physical sense.

20. The thesis of this essay is not explicitly stated. But in
the whole essay the writer is saying that its not
justifiable to use term like holocaust, genocide and
martyrdom to the Jews extermination by Nazis.
THESIS

21. Structure Of An Essay
• The body of an this essay is using mainly narrative
and descriptive pattern and he has also used
classification and cause and effect pattern of
organization to assists his explanation.
• He has given many etymon like of genocide,
holocaust, martyrdom etc.
• He has given the description of some words.
• He has also given brief idea about the origin and
cause of this mass murder (holocaust).