The Federal Reserve System was established to provide a stable m.docx
•Download as DOCX, PDF•
0 likes•7 views
The Federal Reserve System was established to provide a stable monetary system for the entire economy. The Federal Reserve Bank (the Fed) has three major tools to control the money supply: 1) reserve requirements, 2) discount window for loans to member banks, and 3) open market operations. When the economy is in a recessionary mode, what will likely be the actions by the Federal Reserve using monetary policy? Suppose the Federal Reserve purchases a $100,000 bond from John Doe, who deposits the proceeds in the Manufacturer's National Bank; what will be the impact of this transaction on the supply of money? How do each of the Fed's tools work? What is the fractional reserve system, and how does it work in relation to the Fed? Review the Federal Reserve System and how the Fed alters the monetary base to achieve the levels of money supply in the economy. .
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Chapter 08_Conduct of Monetary Policy: Tools, Goals, Strategy, and Tactics
This document provides an overview of monetary policy tools and goals. It discusses how central banks like the Federal Reserve and European Central Bank implement monetary policy through tools like open market operations, discount rates, and reserve requirements. It also examines the goals of price stability and inflation targeting, and debates whether price stability or dual mandates are preferable. Tactics for choosing policy instruments on a daily basis and evaluating the pros and cons of monetary targeting and inflation targeting are also summarized.
29
The document discusses money and the monetary system. It defines money and its key functions as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. It describes the Federal Reserve as the central bank that regulates the US monetary system and controls the money supply through tools like open market operations, reserve requirements, and interest rates. When banks make loans from their deposits, this increases the money supply through fractional-reserve banking and the money multiplier effect. However, the Fed's control over the money supply is imperfect as it cannot directly control lending or deposit amounts.
Ch 16 presentation part a
The Federal Reserve System serves as the central bank of the United States and uses monetary policy to influence economic activity. It was established in 1913 with the Federal Reserve Act and consists of 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Board of Governors. The Federal Reserve System regulates banks, provides banking services to the government, clears checks, acts as a lender of last resort during financial crises, and influences the money supply and interest rates to promote maximum employment and stable prices.
Federal reserve final-ppt system
The document is a report on the Federal Reserve System created by a group of students. It includes sections on the history of central banking in the United States, the structure of the Federal Reserve System, and the roles and responsibilities of its components. It discusses the Board of Governors, the 12 Federal Reserve Banks, the Federal Open Market Committee, and provides details on monetary policy tools like open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements. Individual students contributed sections on the structure of the Federal Reserve, its duties and responsibilities, the FOMC, and how monetary policy is conducted.
7a federal reserve system
The Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States. Its goals are to help achieve stable prices, full employment, and economic growth. It is structured with regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Board of Governors to represent regional interests in national policy decisions. The Federal Reserve uses tools like open market operations and interest rate changes to influence overall spending, employment, and prices in the economy. It also supervises banks to promote safety and compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and provides services to banks and the public.
Federal Reserve Essay
The Federal Reserve System was established in 1913 to serve as the central bank of the United States. It aims to maintain stable prices and full employment through its control of monetary policy. The Fed influences monetary conditions in the economy by regulating the money supply and interest rates. It also supervises and regulates banks to ensure the safety and soundness of the financial system. The Federal Reserve System is made up of 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks and the Board of Governors in Washington D.C.
Chapter 07_Central Banking and the Conduct of Monetary Policy
The document discusses the structure and operations of central banks, focusing on the U.S. Federal Reserve System. It describes the origins of the Fed following financial panics in the 19th century. The structure of the Fed involves 12 regional banks, a Board of Governors, and the Federal Open Market Committee. Central bank independence and its relationship to macroeconomic performance is also examined.
Unit 6 finance academic FSAEU6
This document provides an overview of currency and the monetary system in the United States. It discusses the functions and characteristics of money, the development of the banking system and currency over time, and the creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1914 to serve as the central bank and oversee monetary policy. Key topics covered include the gold standard, the money multiplier effect of fractional-reserve banking, and the Federal Reserve's tools of conducting open market operations and setting reserve requirements and interest rates to influence the money supply.
Recommended
Chapter 08_Conduct of Monetary Policy: Tools, Goals, Strategy, and Tactics
This document provides an overview of monetary policy tools and goals. It discusses how central banks like the Federal Reserve and European Central Bank implement monetary policy through tools like open market operations, discount rates, and reserve requirements. It also examines the goals of price stability and inflation targeting, and debates whether price stability or dual mandates are preferable. Tactics for choosing policy instruments on a daily basis and evaluating the pros and cons of monetary targeting and inflation targeting are also summarized.
29
The document discusses money and the monetary system. It defines money and its key functions as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. It describes the Federal Reserve as the central bank that regulates the US monetary system and controls the money supply through tools like open market operations, reserve requirements, and interest rates. When banks make loans from their deposits, this increases the money supply through fractional-reserve banking and the money multiplier effect. However, the Fed's control over the money supply is imperfect as it cannot directly control lending or deposit amounts.
Ch 16 presentation part a
The Federal Reserve System serves as the central bank of the United States and uses monetary policy to influence economic activity. It was established in 1913 with the Federal Reserve Act and consists of 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Board of Governors. The Federal Reserve System regulates banks, provides banking services to the government, clears checks, acts as a lender of last resort during financial crises, and influences the money supply and interest rates to promote maximum employment and stable prices.
Federal reserve final-ppt system
The document is a report on the Federal Reserve System created by a group of students. It includes sections on the history of central banking in the United States, the structure of the Federal Reserve System, and the roles and responsibilities of its components. It discusses the Board of Governors, the 12 Federal Reserve Banks, the Federal Open Market Committee, and provides details on monetary policy tools like open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements. Individual students contributed sections on the structure of the Federal Reserve, its duties and responsibilities, the FOMC, and how monetary policy is conducted.
7a federal reserve system
The Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States. Its goals are to help achieve stable prices, full employment, and economic growth. It is structured with regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Board of Governors to represent regional interests in national policy decisions. The Federal Reserve uses tools like open market operations and interest rate changes to influence overall spending, employment, and prices in the economy. It also supervises banks to promote safety and compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and provides services to banks and the public.
Federal Reserve Essay
The Federal Reserve System was established in 1913 to serve as the central bank of the United States. It aims to maintain stable prices and full employment through its control of monetary policy. The Fed influences monetary conditions in the economy by regulating the money supply and interest rates. It also supervises and regulates banks to ensure the safety and soundness of the financial system. The Federal Reserve System is made up of 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks and the Board of Governors in Washington D.C.
Chapter 07_Central Banking and the Conduct of Monetary Policy
The document discusses the structure and operations of central banks, focusing on the U.S. Federal Reserve System. It describes the origins of the Fed following financial panics in the 19th century. The structure of the Fed involves 12 regional banks, a Board of Governors, and the Federal Open Market Committee. Central bank independence and its relationship to macroeconomic performance is also examined.
Unit 6 finance academic FSAEU6
This document provides an overview of currency and the monetary system in the United States. It discusses the functions and characteristics of money, the development of the banking system and currency over time, and the creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1914 to serve as the central bank and oversee monetary policy. Key topics covered include the gold standard, the money multiplier effect of fractional-reserve banking, and the Federal Reserve's tools of conducting open market operations and setting reserve requirements and interest rates to influence the money supply.
The FED and its influence on Money and Credit
The Federal Reserve System is the central bank of the United States. It was created in 1913 to provide a safer and more stable monetary and financial system. The Fed has several key functions including conducting monetary policy, promoting financial stability, and overseeing banks. It uses various tools like open market operations, adjusting reserve requirements and interest rates to influence the money supply and achieve its goals of maximum employment, stable prices and moderate long-term interest rates.
Surname 1Surname 6The open market operation in the F.docx
Surname 1
Surname 6
The open market operation in the Federal Reserve
Name:
Course:
Tutor:
Date
Q. 1.
The effects of open market operation using T-accounts
Through the open market the Federal Reserve is able to influence the market by affecting the expectation of the participants in the market and changing the supply of money. The open market operation mainly entails the sales of reserves securities or the purchase that represents a considerable amount of trading in the market. The purchase of dollars from the public has the impact on the financial markets such as U.S dollar exchange rates, Treasury bond, Eurodollar and Treasury bill. Therefore, the main purpose of this essay is to address the impact of open market of the Federal Reserve on the fiscal markets.
The open market operation is the key tool used by the central bank or Federal Reserve to implement the monetary policies that enable the sales and purchase of securities. Therefore this tool plays a major role in the supply of funds and maintaining the Federal Reserve’s rate which is the main objective of the committee established by the Federal Open Market. However, the security that is certified to be sold or purchased and supplied by the Federal Reserve is limited by the authority that conducts the Open Market Operation.
Q. 2.
The Current Federal Funds Rate
Federal funds rate is the interest rate used by the depository institution to lend moneys overnight to other bank institution as per the Federal Reserve regulations. Federal funds rate which is the most persuasive interest rates is only usable to the creditworthy institutions depending on their transactions overnight. The interest rate that is paid by the borrowing bank is negotiated by the two banks and the weighted average is determined bearing in mind the Federal
Reserve’s effective rates. In addition, the target rate of the federal is determined after a lengthy discussion with the Federal Open Market group members.
Open market is used to ensure effectiveness in the federal funds rate and influence the money supply in the economy of most countries like U.S. The weighted average of federal reserves is mostly calculated after closing the transactions of the previous day. However, according to the current statistics the federal rates have been influenced or affected by the groups of brokers. Therefore the rates fluctuate depending on the high and low rates transacted by the ICAP’s brokers.
As per the Federal reserves, discount rates is the charged interest rate directed to the depository institutions like the commercial banks depending on the loan received and the lending facility used. Three discount programs are being offered by the Federal funds banks to bank institution namely: seasonal credit, secondary credit and primary credit. The short-terms rates of the federal have declined since 2003 due to the high volatility that affected the fund rates. From the analysis of the key factors that influence t ...
Money and Our Monetary SystemThe monetary system in any economy fa.pdf
Money and Our Monetary System
The monetary system in any economy facilitates trade and allows people to trade more
efficiently, as compared to a barter economy. In the United States, the monetary authority is the
Federal Reserve System (also referred to as the Federal Reserve, or informally, as the “Fed”.)
For this use the Fed’s website (http://www.federalreserve.gov/) when addressing the questions
below.
What are the requirements for something to be considered money? Why does the dollar have
value?
What does the money supply consist of and what are the respective amounts in the total money
supply for the United States?
What are the primary functions of the Fed? What role does the Federal Open Market Committee
(FOMC) play in our economy?
What role do the financial institutions (commercial banks and other institutions) play in our
financial system?
What is meant by the term “fractional-reserve banking” in our system? What are the implications
for consumers?
What are the tools available to the FED for controlling the money supply? Which are used most
often? Which are most effective?
How does the money multiplier help to determine the effects of monetary policy?
What are the pros and cons of using monetary policy, as opposed to the use of fiscal policy, for
implementing economic policies and practices?
Solution
Money is basically medium of exchange so for anything to be consideredd money there are three
eligibility criterias
It is a currency which is backed by a stable and sound government, other than that dollar has
value because it fulfills all the three criteria mentioned above. It is widely accepted which
provides good strength to its value.
It consist of M1 and M2(the definitions and details are copied from fedreserve site)
Money Stock Measures. Billions of dollars.
There are four primar functions of Fed
The role of FOMC is to make monetary policy for federal reserve stsrem which it could
implement in the U.S.
The most basic role of financial institutions is to provide circulate money in the economy and
facilitate liquidity. It enables the flow of economic activities and helps in spreading the effects of
implemented monetary policies.Table 1
Money Stock Measures. Billions of dollars.DateSeasonally adjustedNot seasonally adjustedM1
1M2 2M1 1M2 2Jan. 20142,688.411,033.82,697.511,058.9Feb.
20142,712.911,098.92,701.711,110.3Mar. 20142,746.111,153.52,768.711,235.4Apr.
20142,770.911,212.32,805.211,288.7May 20142,790.511,281.82,777.711,231.9June
20142,820.811,335.32,820.211,293.7July 20142,836.811,402.02,837.411,348.7Aug.
20142,807.411,438.72,786.111,379.9Sept. 20142,869.611,476.62,831.111,430.4Oct.
20142,874.011,528.62,860.411,496.4Nov. 20142,884.711,566.72,856.011,572.2Dec.
20142,927.311,636.42,985.211,717.4Jan. 20152,937.911,703.52,944.611,723.7Feb.
20152,985.111,800.12,976.111,812.2Mar. 20152,990.211,835.13,019.611,921.3Apr.
20152,995.611,888.03,032.411,970.7May 20152,989.811,923.92,973.111,873.0June
20153,015.311,970.63,017.011,926.7July 2015.
Monetary Policy Tools
The document summarizes a presentation about the three main monetary policy tools used by central banks: open market operations, reserve requirements, and discount window lending. It focuses on how the Federal Reserve Bank of New York uses open market operations to influence monetary base and interest rates by buying and selling government securities. Reserve requirements determine the minimum reserves banks must hold, and changing them impacts bank lending. Discount window lending provides banks reserves to meet demands or requirements, with interest rates like the discount rate influencing economic activity.
Federal reserve system
Federal Reserve System
(Central Banking in USA)
Duties of Federal Reserve System.
Objectives of Monetary Policy
Board Of Governors.
Function of Federal Reserve System
Module 26 the federal reserve system history and structure
The Federal Reserve System uses three main tools of monetary policy: open market operations, reserve requirements, and the discount rate. Open market operations, through which the Fed buys and sells government bonds, are the most important tool as they allow the Fed to quickly adjust bank reserves. By expanding or contracting bank reserves through open market operations, the Fed can lower or raise interest rates, stimulating or slowing investment and economic growth. The goal of monetary policy is to achieve full employment and price stability.
Fed In Action
The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States and was established in 1913 to conduct monetary policy and promote a stable economy. It oversees monetary policy through the Federal Open Market Committee and uses tools like adjusting interest rates and reserve requirements to achieve its goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates. The Fed also regulates banks, provides financial services, and works to promote the safety and soundness of the banking and financial system.
1Week 2 Textbook ProblemsWeek 2 Textbook Problems 2S.docx
This document discusses the history and historiography of philosophy. It defines key terms like history of philosophy, historiography of philosophy, and philosophy of the history of philosophy. The main issues discussed in historiography of philosophy are: the types of claims historians can make (descriptive, interpretive, evaluative); the relationship between philosophy and its history; the value of studying history of philosophy for philosophy; the role of texts; appropriate approaches; and common genres used. The document seeks to clarify these concepts and issues in the field.
The Federal Reserve System
The document discusses the Federal Reserve System, which was created in 1913 to help maintain monetary balance in the US. It serves as the central banking system and regulates banks. While the system aims to encourage growth, it also faces some flaws that can cause economic problems like inflation. The summary examines both the intended benefits of the system as well as some of its potential downsides.
2016 ft ulecture02notemonetary
The document provides an overview of monetary systems, including the meaning of money, the Federal Reserve system, and how banks impact the money supply. It begins by defining money and describing its key functions. It then explains that the Federal Reserve is the central bank of the US and oversees monetary policy through tools like open market operations and reserve requirements. Banks expand the money supply through fractional reserve banking and the money multiplier effect. The document also notes challenges in controlling the money supply due to the independent actions of depositors and bankers.
Module 27 the federal reserve monetary policy
The Federal Reserve uses three main tools of monetary policy: open market operations, the reserve ratio, and the discount rate. Open market operations, where the Fed buys and sells Treasury securities, is the most important as it allows the Fed to flexibly manipulate bank reserves and money supply. Changing the reserve ratio is rarely used due to its powerful impact. The discount rate has little direct effect on money supply. By expanding or reducing bank reserves through open market operations, the Fed implements expansionary or contractionary monetary policy.
The fed and monetary policy
The Federal Reserve uses three main tools to implement monetary policy: open market operations, the reserve ratio, and the discount rate. Open market operations, which involve buying and selling Treasury securities, are the most important tool as they directly change the amount of bank reserves and money supply. The Fed conducts expansionary policy by buying Treasury securities to increase bank reserves and money supply, while contractionary policy involves selling securities to decrease reserves and money supply. The reserve ratio and discount rate can also expand or contract the money supply but are used less due to their greater impact.
Assume that you recently graduated with a degree in finance and have.pdf
Assume that you recently graduated with a degree in finance and have just reported to work as an
investment adviser at the firm of Balik and Kiefer Inc. Your first assignment is to explain the
roles financial intermediaries play in the U.S. banking system to Michelle Delatorre, a
professional tennis player who has just come to the United States from Chile. Delatorre is a
highly ranked tennis player who expects to invest substantial amounts of money through Balik
and Kiefer. She is also extremely bright, and, therefore, she would like to understand in general
terms what will happen to her money. Your boss has developed the following questions, which
you must answer to help explain the nature of financial intermediaries and the U.S. banking
system to Ms. Delatorre. a) What is a financial intermediary? What is the financial
intermediation process? b) What roles do financial intermediaries fulfill? c) What are the
different types of financial intermediaries? Give some characteristics that differentiate the
various types of intermediaries. d) Describe the banking system found in the United States. e)
What role does the Federal Reserve play in the U.S. banking system?
Solution
a) Financial intermediary isan institution, such as a bank, building society, or unit-trust company,
that holds funds from lenders in order to make loans to borrowers.
A financial intermediary is typically an institution that facilitates the channeling of funds
between lenders and borrowers indirectly. That is, savers (lenders) give funds to an intermediary
institution (such as a bank), and that institution gives those funds to spenders (borrowers).
b) There are two main roles in the financial intermediation process:borrowers, also known as
spenders andsavers, also called lenders. Let\'s look at borrowers first. Borrowers need money for
various reasons: to purchase a home, start a business, pay for business expenses and fund
programs. They need money to spend. Borrowers include individuals, companies and the
government. All three have a need to borrow money.
The second role in the process is savers. Savers have money, which is why they\'re also called
lenders. They have the money to lend. Savers not only have money in savings accounts, they
have money deposited in other interest earning products, such as retirement accounts and
certificate of deposits. Savers include individuals, companies and the government.
The mechanism whereby surplus funds from ultimate savers are matched to deficits incurred by
ultimate borrowers.The process by which ultimate savers are matched to ultimate borrowers.
c) The following institutions are or can act as financial intermediaries:
d) In 1913, the Federal Reserve Bank (the U.S. central bank, also known as “the Fed”) was
established, and given monopoly powers over member-bank policies and U.S. monetary policies
with the intendedpurpose of stabilizing short-term interest rates and preventing economic
downturns by providing as much liquidity as nec.
The US had a national bank during the first few decades after its bi.pdf
The US had a national bank during the first few decades after its birth before it was abolished.
Today, we have the Federal Reserve.
What are the differences between the Federal Reserve and a National Bank (specifically, with
regard to their intervention policies and powers for acting within the economy)?
Solution
The two Banks of the United States (the First and Second) were nothing like the modern Federal
Reserve system. For example, the First was prohibited from buying government bonds (one of
the main roles of the Federal Reserve system is to buy and sell government bonds). Further,
neither of the national banks had any role in regulating the banking system. They were simply
the only interstate banks allowed. All other banks had to be confined to one state. The national
banks primary impact on the money supply was to require smaller banks to pay them in silver
and gold to redeem checks deposited in the national banks.
By contrast, the Federal Reserve system actively regulates banks, requiring them to maintain a
percentage of their deposits as reserves. It actively sets two rates: the rate at which it loans
money to banks to cover reserve shortages (called the discount rate) and the rate it pays on
excess reserves. The latter power is relatively new. Previously the Federal Reserve did not pay
interest on excess reserves. The Federal Reserve also sets a target for the funds rate, which is the
average rate at which banks loan money to each other. The funds rate target is what most people
mean when they refer to the Federal Reserve setting interest rates.
The Federal Reserve has two main ways to affect the funds rate. First, it publishes a target rate
for the average. Second, it buys and sells government bonds in what are called open market
operations. When it buys bonds, it adds money to the system, reducing the number of banks that
need to borrow and increasing the number of those with money to lend. This pushes the average
rate to fall, as there are more lenders and fewer borrowers. When it sells bonds, it pulls money
from the system, reducing the number of banks with money to lend.
The Federal Reserve can also compete with lenders by loaning money to banks at the discount
rate. This decreases the number of banks looking to borrow from other banks, which would push
rates down. It rarely does this however. Most banks prefer to borrow from other banks, as there
are fewer restrictions.
The Federal Reserve also has two ways to influence how much banks keep in reserve. First, it
sets an explicit reserve requirement. Every bank must keep that much in reserve. Second, it can
pay interest on excess reserves. The higher that rate, the more likely banks are to keep excess
reserves instead of loaning them to individuals, companies, or other banks. This would push up
the funds rate average, as fewer banks loan.
Again, the two Banks of the United States were not central banks the way that the Federal
Reserve is. Yes, they could print banknotes, but so .
28 Monetary Policy andBank RegulationFigure 28.1 Marri.docx
28 | Monetary Policy and
Bank Regulation
Figure 28.1 Marriner S. Eccles Federal Reserve Headquarters, Washington D.C. Some of the most influential
decisions regarding monetary policy in the United States are made behind these doors. (Credit: modification of work
by “squirrel83”/Flickr Creative Commons)
The Problem of the Zero Percent Interest Rate Lower Bound
Most economists believe that monetary policy (the manipulation of interest rates and credit conditions by
a nation’s central bank) has a powerful influence on a nation’s economy. Monetary policy works when the
central bank reduces interest rates and makes credit more available. As a result, business investment
and other types of spending increase, causing GDP and employment to grow.
But what if the interest rates banks pay are close to zero already? They cannot be made negative, can
they? That would mean that lenders pay borrowers for the privilege of taking their money. Yet, this was
the situation the U.S. Federal Reserve found itself in at the end of the 2008–2009 recession. The federal
funds rate, which is the interest rate for banks that the Federal Reserve targets with its monetary policy,
was slightly above 5% in 2007. By 2009, it had fallen to 0.16%.
The Federal Reserve’s situation was further complicated because fiscal policy, the other major tool for
managing the economy, was constrained by fears that the federal budget deficit and the public debt
were already too high. What were the Federal Reserve’s options? How could monetary policy be used
to stimulate the economy? The answer, as we will see in this chapter, was to change the rules of the
game.
CHAPTER 28 | MONETARY POLICY AND BANK REGULATION 569
Introduction to Monetary Policy and Bank Regulation
In this chapter, you will learn about:
• The Federal Reserve Banking System and Central Banks
• Bank Regulation
• How a Central Bank Executes Monetary Policy
• Monetary Policy and Economic Outcomes
• Pitfalls for Monetary Policy
Money, loans, and banks are all tied together. Money is deposited in bank accounts, which is then loaned to businesses,
individuals, and other banks. When the interlocking system of money, loans, and banks works well, economic transactions
are made smoothly in goods and labor markets and savers are connected with borrowers. If the money and banking system
does not operate smoothly, the economy can either fall into recession or suffer prolonged inflation.
The government of every country has public policies that support the system of money, loans, and banking. But these
policies do not always work perfectly. This chapter discusses how monetary policy works and what may prevent it from
working perfectly.
28.1 | The Federal Reserve Banking System and Central
Banks
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Explain the structure and organization of the U.S. Federal Reserve
• Discuss how central banks impact monetary policy, promote financial stability, and provide banking services
In ma.
1. One of the functions of money is that it is a ‘store of value’..docx
1. One of the functions of money is that it is a ‘store of value’. Explain
2. What is the difference between fiat money and a credit card?
3. How do commercial banks maximize their stockholders’ wealth?
4. The Federal Reserve System (the Fed) is the central bank of the United States. What are its primary functions?
5. Assume that the US economy is experiencing a rather severe recession. How might the Fed utilize the discount rate to speed up the economy? Explain in detail.
6. Assume that the US economy is experiencing a rather severe recession. How might the Fed utilize open market operations to speed up the economy (use lecture notes to answer this)? Explain in detail.
7. Using the explanation in the lecture, explain how the Fed’s purchase of bonds (securities) on the open market can not only increase the money supply through banks’ lending but also decrease the EFFECTIVE interest rate for borrowers. Use an example with actual interest rates.
8. Explain how the required reserve requirement can be used by the Fed to either expand or contract the money supply.
9. A) Using the formula given in the lecture, calculate how much the money supply would increase given an injection of $10 million with a required reserve ratio of 5%. B) Given the same data, how much would the money supply decrease if $10 million were taken out of the money supply with a 5% required reserve ratio?.
10. What 3 events turned an ordinary recession in 1929 into the Great Depression?
11. Ironically technological advancements have made bartering, which used to be an extremely inefficient exchange of values, more and more popular in the present day. Think of and identify four situations where present-day bartering becomes beneficial to both sides of the transaction.
12. Assume that you have 100 $1 bills. Assume also that I have 4 $100 bills. Explain why even though you have more paper money (100 pieces of paper), the value of my four pieces of paper is greater than yours.
13. The Federal Reserve can in effect expand or contract the supply of money in the US.
a. Explain what you think the Fed must do to expand the money supply.
b. Identify 2 reasons why the Fed would do this.
14. Is it possible that the Fed, since it supposedly acts independently of the US government, could use monetary policies (expanding or contracting the money supply) in order to benefit only the wealthiest corporations and individuals while ignoring the lower classes? Explain your opinion here in detail.
15. Explain your opinion as to whether you feel that using a central bank (the Fed) to control all of the US’s major monetary policies as well as all of its money is dangerous? What might be some of the unintended consequences of giving this much power to one private entity?
Module 7 Lecture (Ch. 18): Money and the Monetary System
What Is Money?
The answer seems simple enough, yet there are some false illusions as to what is and what is not money. Basically, money is anything that is commonly accept.
Overview of fed
The Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States. It was established in 1913 and consists of regional Federal Reserve Banks, numerous commercial bank members, and a Board of Governors. The System serves to regulate the money supply and banking system, acting as a lender of last resort to banks. It also serves as the government's bank, handling Treasury transactions and auctions. Monetary policy is set by the Federal Open Market Committee, which includes the Board of Governors and Federal Reserve Bank presidents.
Econ315 Money and Banking: Learning Unit 23: Monetary Policy - Tools and Cond...
This document provides an overview of monetary policy tools and how the Federal Reserve conducts monetary policy. It discusses the three main tools - open market operations, discount window operations, and reserve requirements. For each tool, it explains how the Fed uses the tool to influence monetary policy goals like money supply, interest rates, and financial stability. It also discusses how the Fed expanded its tools during the financial crisis to provide liquidity to non-bank financial institutions through asset purchases and quantitative easing.
The Failure Of The Federal Reserve System
The document discusses the history and role of the U.S. dollar as the world's reserve currency and how this status benefits American global dominance. It explains that while military power is visible, the dollar's role in the global economy is equally important for securing U.S. control of international markets. Maintaining the dollar's status is crucial for continued American hegemony into the future.
Chap010
The document provides an overview of monetary policy in the United States. It discusses the goals and tools of the Federal Reserve, including open market operations, targeted interest rates, and reserve ratios. It also explains how the banking system creates money through the process of lending deposits. The document outlines models of how monetary policy impacts aggregate demand and the economy through changes in interest rates and the money supply.
The Field Guide to Human-Centered DesignBy IDE.docx
The Field Guide to Human-Centered Design
By IDEO.org
1st Edition © 2015
ISBN: 978-0-9914063-1-9
This work is licensed under the creative commons
attribution, noncommercial, no derivatives 3.0
unported license.
Attribution — You must attribute the work in the
manner specified by the author or licensor (but not
in any way that suggests that they endorse you or
your use of the work).
Noncommerical — You may not use this work for
commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build
upon the material, you may not distribute the
modified material.
Printed in Canada
THE
FIELD GUIDE
Contents
Introduction
Mindsets
Creative Confidence
Make It
Learn from Failure
Empathy
Embrace Ambiguity
Optimism
Iterate, Iterate, Iterate
Methods
INSPIRATION
Frame Your Design Challenge
Create a Project Plan
Build a Team
Recruiting Tools
Secondary Research
Interview
Group Interview
Expert Interview
Define Your Audience
Conversation Starters
Extremes and Mainstreams
Immersion
Analogous Inspiration
Card Sort
Peers Observing Peers
09
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
27
29
31
34
35
36
37
39
42
43
44
45
49
52
53
57
60
Collage
Guided Tour
Draw It
Resource Flow
Case Study: Vroom
IDEATION
Download Your Learnings
Share Inspiring Stories
Top Five
Find Themes
Create Insight Statements
Explore Your Hunch
How Might We
Create Frameworks
Brainstorm
Brainstorm Rules
Bundle Ideas
Get Visual
Mash-Ups
Design Principles
Create a Concept
Co-Creation Session
Gut Check
Determine What to Prototype
Storyboard
Role Playing
61
64
65
67
71
75
77
78
79
80
81
84
85
89
94
95
97
101
104
105
108
109
110
111
113
118
119
123
126
127
129
133
135
136
137
140
141
144
145
146
147
148
149
152
153
157
159
163
189
Rapid Prototyping
Business Model Canvas
Get Feedback
Integrate Feedback and Iterate
Case Study: Asili
IMPLEMENTATION
Live Prototyping
Roadmap
Resource Assessment
Build Partnerships
Ways to Grow Framework
Staff Your Project
Funding Strategy
Pilot
Define Success
Keep Iterating
Create a Pitch
Sustainable Revenue
Monitor and Evaluate
Keep Getting Feedback
Case Study: Clean Team
Resources
Colophon
8
The Field Guide to Human-Centered Design
09
Introduction
What Does It
Mean to Be
Embracing human-centered design means believing that all problems,
even the seemingly intractable ones like poverty, gender equality,
and clean water, are solvable. Moreover, it means believing that the
people who face those problems every day are the ones who hold the
key to their answer. Human-centered design offers problem solvers of
any stripe a chance to design with communities, to deeply understand
the people they’re looking to serve, to dream up scores of ideas, and to
create innovative new solutions rooted in people’s actual needs.
At IDEO.org and IDEO, we’ve used human-centered design for decades
to create produc.
The fictional Be Good company recorded the following financial data .docx
The fictional Be Good company recorded the following financial data for the year ended 20X2:
Sales
$1,000,000
Cash
$25,000
Cost of goods sold
$700,000
Inventory
$50,000
Accounts receivable
$75,000
Operating expenses
$200,000
Fixed assets
$400,000
Interest expenses
$20,000
Accounts payable
$15,000
Taxes
$ 30,000
Long-term debt
$300,000
Owner’s equity
$225,000
Accruals
$10,000
Organize these data into a balance sheet and an income statement.
.
More Related Content
Similar to The Federal Reserve System was established to provide a stable m.docx
The FED and its influence on Money and Credit
The Federal Reserve System is the central bank of the United States. It was created in 1913 to provide a safer and more stable monetary and financial system. The Fed has several key functions including conducting monetary policy, promoting financial stability, and overseeing banks. It uses various tools like open market operations, adjusting reserve requirements and interest rates to influence the money supply and achieve its goals of maximum employment, stable prices and moderate long-term interest rates.
Surname 1Surname 6The open market operation in the F.docx
Surname 1
Surname 6
The open market operation in the Federal Reserve
Name:
Course:
Tutor:
Date
Q. 1.
The effects of open market operation using T-accounts
Through the open market the Federal Reserve is able to influence the market by affecting the expectation of the participants in the market and changing the supply of money. The open market operation mainly entails the sales of reserves securities or the purchase that represents a considerable amount of trading in the market. The purchase of dollars from the public has the impact on the financial markets such as U.S dollar exchange rates, Treasury bond, Eurodollar and Treasury bill. Therefore, the main purpose of this essay is to address the impact of open market of the Federal Reserve on the fiscal markets.
The open market operation is the key tool used by the central bank or Federal Reserve to implement the monetary policies that enable the sales and purchase of securities. Therefore this tool plays a major role in the supply of funds and maintaining the Federal Reserve’s rate which is the main objective of the committee established by the Federal Open Market. However, the security that is certified to be sold or purchased and supplied by the Federal Reserve is limited by the authority that conducts the Open Market Operation.
Q. 2.
The Current Federal Funds Rate
Federal funds rate is the interest rate used by the depository institution to lend moneys overnight to other bank institution as per the Federal Reserve regulations. Federal funds rate which is the most persuasive interest rates is only usable to the creditworthy institutions depending on their transactions overnight. The interest rate that is paid by the borrowing bank is negotiated by the two banks and the weighted average is determined bearing in mind the Federal
Reserve’s effective rates. In addition, the target rate of the federal is determined after a lengthy discussion with the Federal Open Market group members.
Open market is used to ensure effectiveness in the federal funds rate and influence the money supply in the economy of most countries like U.S. The weighted average of federal reserves is mostly calculated after closing the transactions of the previous day. However, according to the current statistics the federal rates have been influenced or affected by the groups of brokers. Therefore the rates fluctuate depending on the high and low rates transacted by the ICAP’s brokers.
As per the Federal reserves, discount rates is the charged interest rate directed to the depository institutions like the commercial banks depending on the loan received and the lending facility used. Three discount programs are being offered by the Federal funds banks to bank institution namely: seasonal credit, secondary credit and primary credit. The short-terms rates of the federal have declined since 2003 due to the high volatility that affected the fund rates. From the analysis of the key factors that influence t ...
Money and Our Monetary SystemThe monetary system in any economy fa.pdf
Money and Our Monetary System
The monetary system in any economy facilitates trade and allows people to trade more
efficiently, as compared to a barter economy. In the United States, the monetary authority is the
Federal Reserve System (also referred to as the Federal Reserve, or informally, as the “Fed”.)
For this use the Fed’s website (http://www.federalreserve.gov/) when addressing the questions
below.
What are the requirements for something to be considered money? Why does the dollar have
value?
What does the money supply consist of and what are the respective amounts in the total money
supply for the United States?
What are the primary functions of the Fed? What role does the Federal Open Market Committee
(FOMC) play in our economy?
What role do the financial institutions (commercial banks and other institutions) play in our
financial system?
What is meant by the term “fractional-reserve banking” in our system? What are the implications
for consumers?
What are the tools available to the FED for controlling the money supply? Which are used most
often? Which are most effective?
How does the money multiplier help to determine the effects of monetary policy?
What are the pros and cons of using monetary policy, as opposed to the use of fiscal policy, for
implementing economic policies and practices?
Solution
Money is basically medium of exchange so for anything to be consideredd money there are three
eligibility criterias
It is a currency which is backed by a stable and sound government, other than that dollar has
value because it fulfills all the three criteria mentioned above. It is widely accepted which
provides good strength to its value.
It consist of M1 and M2(the definitions and details are copied from fedreserve site)
Money Stock Measures. Billions of dollars.
There are four primar functions of Fed
The role of FOMC is to make monetary policy for federal reserve stsrem which it could
implement in the U.S.
The most basic role of financial institutions is to provide circulate money in the economy and
facilitate liquidity. It enables the flow of economic activities and helps in spreading the effects of
implemented monetary policies.Table 1
Money Stock Measures. Billions of dollars.DateSeasonally adjustedNot seasonally adjustedM1
1M2 2M1 1M2 2Jan. 20142,688.411,033.82,697.511,058.9Feb.
20142,712.911,098.92,701.711,110.3Mar. 20142,746.111,153.52,768.711,235.4Apr.
20142,770.911,212.32,805.211,288.7May 20142,790.511,281.82,777.711,231.9June
20142,820.811,335.32,820.211,293.7July 20142,836.811,402.02,837.411,348.7Aug.
20142,807.411,438.72,786.111,379.9Sept. 20142,869.611,476.62,831.111,430.4Oct.
20142,874.011,528.62,860.411,496.4Nov. 20142,884.711,566.72,856.011,572.2Dec.
20142,927.311,636.42,985.211,717.4Jan. 20152,937.911,703.52,944.611,723.7Feb.
20152,985.111,800.12,976.111,812.2Mar. 20152,990.211,835.13,019.611,921.3Apr.
20152,995.611,888.03,032.411,970.7May 20152,989.811,923.92,973.111,873.0June
20153,015.311,970.63,017.011,926.7July 2015.
Monetary Policy Tools
The document summarizes a presentation about the three main monetary policy tools used by central banks: open market operations, reserve requirements, and discount window lending. It focuses on how the Federal Reserve Bank of New York uses open market operations to influence monetary base and interest rates by buying and selling government securities. Reserve requirements determine the minimum reserves banks must hold, and changing them impacts bank lending. Discount window lending provides banks reserves to meet demands or requirements, with interest rates like the discount rate influencing economic activity.
Federal reserve system
Federal Reserve System
(Central Banking in USA)
Duties of Federal Reserve System.
Objectives of Monetary Policy
Board Of Governors.
Function of Federal Reserve System
Module 26 the federal reserve system history and structure
The Federal Reserve System uses three main tools of monetary policy: open market operations, reserve requirements, and the discount rate. Open market operations, through which the Fed buys and sells government bonds, are the most important tool as they allow the Fed to quickly adjust bank reserves. By expanding or contracting bank reserves through open market operations, the Fed can lower or raise interest rates, stimulating or slowing investment and economic growth. The goal of monetary policy is to achieve full employment and price stability.
Fed In Action
The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States and was established in 1913 to conduct monetary policy and promote a stable economy. It oversees monetary policy through the Federal Open Market Committee and uses tools like adjusting interest rates and reserve requirements to achieve its goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates. The Fed also regulates banks, provides financial services, and works to promote the safety and soundness of the banking and financial system.
1Week 2 Textbook ProblemsWeek 2 Textbook Problems 2S.docx
This document discusses the history and historiography of philosophy. It defines key terms like history of philosophy, historiography of philosophy, and philosophy of the history of philosophy. The main issues discussed in historiography of philosophy are: the types of claims historians can make (descriptive, interpretive, evaluative); the relationship between philosophy and its history; the value of studying history of philosophy for philosophy; the role of texts; appropriate approaches; and common genres used. The document seeks to clarify these concepts and issues in the field.
The Federal Reserve System
The document discusses the Federal Reserve System, which was created in 1913 to help maintain monetary balance in the US. It serves as the central banking system and regulates banks. While the system aims to encourage growth, it also faces some flaws that can cause economic problems like inflation. The summary examines both the intended benefits of the system as well as some of its potential downsides.
2016 ft ulecture02notemonetary
The document provides an overview of monetary systems, including the meaning of money, the Federal Reserve system, and how banks impact the money supply. It begins by defining money and describing its key functions. It then explains that the Federal Reserve is the central bank of the US and oversees monetary policy through tools like open market operations and reserve requirements. Banks expand the money supply through fractional reserve banking and the money multiplier effect. The document also notes challenges in controlling the money supply due to the independent actions of depositors and bankers.
Module 27 the federal reserve monetary policy
The Federal Reserve uses three main tools of monetary policy: open market operations, the reserve ratio, and the discount rate. Open market operations, where the Fed buys and sells Treasury securities, is the most important as it allows the Fed to flexibly manipulate bank reserves and money supply. Changing the reserve ratio is rarely used due to its powerful impact. The discount rate has little direct effect on money supply. By expanding or reducing bank reserves through open market operations, the Fed implements expansionary or contractionary monetary policy.
The fed and monetary policy
The Federal Reserve uses three main tools to implement monetary policy: open market operations, the reserve ratio, and the discount rate. Open market operations, which involve buying and selling Treasury securities, are the most important tool as they directly change the amount of bank reserves and money supply. The Fed conducts expansionary policy by buying Treasury securities to increase bank reserves and money supply, while contractionary policy involves selling securities to decrease reserves and money supply. The reserve ratio and discount rate can also expand or contract the money supply but are used less due to their greater impact.
Assume that you recently graduated with a degree in finance and have.pdf
Assume that you recently graduated with a degree in finance and have just reported to work as an
investment adviser at the firm of Balik and Kiefer Inc. Your first assignment is to explain the
roles financial intermediaries play in the U.S. banking system to Michelle Delatorre, a
professional tennis player who has just come to the United States from Chile. Delatorre is a
highly ranked tennis player who expects to invest substantial amounts of money through Balik
and Kiefer. She is also extremely bright, and, therefore, she would like to understand in general
terms what will happen to her money. Your boss has developed the following questions, which
you must answer to help explain the nature of financial intermediaries and the U.S. banking
system to Ms. Delatorre. a) What is a financial intermediary? What is the financial
intermediation process? b) What roles do financial intermediaries fulfill? c) What are the
different types of financial intermediaries? Give some characteristics that differentiate the
various types of intermediaries. d) Describe the banking system found in the United States. e)
What role does the Federal Reserve play in the U.S. banking system?
Solution
a) Financial intermediary isan institution, such as a bank, building society, or unit-trust company,
that holds funds from lenders in order to make loans to borrowers.
A financial intermediary is typically an institution that facilitates the channeling of funds
between lenders and borrowers indirectly. That is, savers (lenders) give funds to an intermediary
institution (such as a bank), and that institution gives those funds to spenders (borrowers).
b) There are two main roles in the financial intermediation process:borrowers, also known as
spenders andsavers, also called lenders. Let\'s look at borrowers first. Borrowers need money for
various reasons: to purchase a home, start a business, pay for business expenses and fund
programs. They need money to spend. Borrowers include individuals, companies and the
government. All three have a need to borrow money.
The second role in the process is savers. Savers have money, which is why they\'re also called
lenders. They have the money to lend. Savers not only have money in savings accounts, they
have money deposited in other interest earning products, such as retirement accounts and
certificate of deposits. Savers include individuals, companies and the government.
The mechanism whereby surplus funds from ultimate savers are matched to deficits incurred by
ultimate borrowers.The process by which ultimate savers are matched to ultimate borrowers.
c) The following institutions are or can act as financial intermediaries:
d) In 1913, the Federal Reserve Bank (the U.S. central bank, also known as “the Fed”) was
established, and given monopoly powers over member-bank policies and U.S. monetary policies
with the intendedpurpose of stabilizing short-term interest rates and preventing economic
downturns by providing as much liquidity as nec.
The US had a national bank during the first few decades after its bi.pdf
The US had a national bank during the first few decades after its birth before it was abolished.
Today, we have the Federal Reserve.
What are the differences between the Federal Reserve and a National Bank (specifically, with
regard to their intervention policies and powers for acting within the economy)?
Solution
The two Banks of the United States (the First and Second) were nothing like the modern Federal
Reserve system. For example, the First was prohibited from buying government bonds (one of
the main roles of the Federal Reserve system is to buy and sell government bonds). Further,
neither of the national banks had any role in regulating the banking system. They were simply
the only interstate banks allowed. All other banks had to be confined to one state. The national
banks primary impact on the money supply was to require smaller banks to pay them in silver
and gold to redeem checks deposited in the national banks.
By contrast, the Federal Reserve system actively regulates banks, requiring them to maintain a
percentage of their deposits as reserves. It actively sets two rates: the rate at which it loans
money to banks to cover reserve shortages (called the discount rate) and the rate it pays on
excess reserves. The latter power is relatively new. Previously the Federal Reserve did not pay
interest on excess reserves. The Federal Reserve also sets a target for the funds rate, which is the
average rate at which banks loan money to each other. The funds rate target is what most people
mean when they refer to the Federal Reserve setting interest rates.
The Federal Reserve has two main ways to affect the funds rate. First, it publishes a target rate
for the average. Second, it buys and sells government bonds in what are called open market
operations. When it buys bonds, it adds money to the system, reducing the number of banks that
need to borrow and increasing the number of those with money to lend. This pushes the average
rate to fall, as there are more lenders and fewer borrowers. When it sells bonds, it pulls money
from the system, reducing the number of banks with money to lend.
The Federal Reserve can also compete with lenders by loaning money to banks at the discount
rate. This decreases the number of banks looking to borrow from other banks, which would push
rates down. It rarely does this however. Most banks prefer to borrow from other banks, as there
are fewer restrictions.
The Federal Reserve also has two ways to influence how much banks keep in reserve. First, it
sets an explicit reserve requirement. Every bank must keep that much in reserve. Second, it can
pay interest on excess reserves. The higher that rate, the more likely banks are to keep excess
reserves instead of loaning them to individuals, companies, or other banks. This would push up
the funds rate average, as fewer banks loan.
Again, the two Banks of the United States were not central banks the way that the Federal
Reserve is. Yes, they could print banknotes, but so .
28 Monetary Policy andBank RegulationFigure 28.1 Marri.docx
28 | Monetary Policy and
Bank Regulation
Figure 28.1 Marriner S. Eccles Federal Reserve Headquarters, Washington D.C. Some of the most influential
decisions regarding monetary policy in the United States are made behind these doors. (Credit: modification of work
by “squirrel83”/Flickr Creative Commons)
The Problem of the Zero Percent Interest Rate Lower Bound
Most economists believe that monetary policy (the manipulation of interest rates and credit conditions by
a nation’s central bank) has a powerful influence on a nation’s economy. Monetary policy works when the
central bank reduces interest rates and makes credit more available. As a result, business investment
and other types of spending increase, causing GDP and employment to grow.
But what if the interest rates banks pay are close to zero already? They cannot be made negative, can
they? That would mean that lenders pay borrowers for the privilege of taking their money. Yet, this was
the situation the U.S. Federal Reserve found itself in at the end of the 2008–2009 recession. The federal
funds rate, which is the interest rate for banks that the Federal Reserve targets with its monetary policy,
was slightly above 5% in 2007. By 2009, it had fallen to 0.16%.
The Federal Reserve’s situation was further complicated because fiscal policy, the other major tool for
managing the economy, was constrained by fears that the federal budget deficit and the public debt
were already too high. What were the Federal Reserve’s options? How could monetary policy be used
to stimulate the economy? The answer, as we will see in this chapter, was to change the rules of the
game.
CHAPTER 28 | MONETARY POLICY AND BANK REGULATION 569
Introduction to Monetary Policy and Bank Regulation
In this chapter, you will learn about:
• The Federal Reserve Banking System and Central Banks
• Bank Regulation
• How a Central Bank Executes Monetary Policy
• Monetary Policy and Economic Outcomes
• Pitfalls for Monetary Policy
Money, loans, and banks are all tied together. Money is deposited in bank accounts, which is then loaned to businesses,
individuals, and other banks. When the interlocking system of money, loans, and banks works well, economic transactions
are made smoothly in goods and labor markets and savers are connected with borrowers. If the money and banking system
does not operate smoothly, the economy can either fall into recession or suffer prolonged inflation.
The government of every country has public policies that support the system of money, loans, and banking. But these
policies do not always work perfectly. This chapter discusses how monetary policy works and what may prevent it from
working perfectly.
28.1 | The Federal Reserve Banking System and Central
Banks
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Explain the structure and organization of the U.S. Federal Reserve
• Discuss how central banks impact monetary policy, promote financial stability, and provide banking services
In ma.
1. One of the functions of money is that it is a ‘store of value’..docx
1. One of the functions of money is that it is a ‘store of value’. Explain
2. What is the difference between fiat money and a credit card?
3. How do commercial banks maximize their stockholders’ wealth?
4. The Federal Reserve System (the Fed) is the central bank of the United States. What are its primary functions?
5. Assume that the US economy is experiencing a rather severe recession. How might the Fed utilize the discount rate to speed up the economy? Explain in detail.
6. Assume that the US economy is experiencing a rather severe recession. How might the Fed utilize open market operations to speed up the economy (use lecture notes to answer this)? Explain in detail.
7. Using the explanation in the lecture, explain how the Fed’s purchase of bonds (securities) on the open market can not only increase the money supply through banks’ lending but also decrease the EFFECTIVE interest rate for borrowers. Use an example with actual interest rates.
8. Explain how the required reserve requirement can be used by the Fed to either expand or contract the money supply.
9. A) Using the formula given in the lecture, calculate how much the money supply would increase given an injection of $10 million with a required reserve ratio of 5%. B) Given the same data, how much would the money supply decrease if $10 million were taken out of the money supply with a 5% required reserve ratio?.
10. What 3 events turned an ordinary recession in 1929 into the Great Depression?
11. Ironically technological advancements have made bartering, which used to be an extremely inefficient exchange of values, more and more popular in the present day. Think of and identify four situations where present-day bartering becomes beneficial to both sides of the transaction.
12. Assume that you have 100 $1 bills. Assume also that I have 4 $100 bills. Explain why even though you have more paper money (100 pieces of paper), the value of my four pieces of paper is greater than yours.
13. The Federal Reserve can in effect expand or contract the supply of money in the US.
a. Explain what you think the Fed must do to expand the money supply.
b. Identify 2 reasons why the Fed would do this.
14. Is it possible that the Fed, since it supposedly acts independently of the US government, could use monetary policies (expanding or contracting the money supply) in order to benefit only the wealthiest corporations and individuals while ignoring the lower classes? Explain your opinion here in detail.
15. Explain your opinion as to whether you feel that using a central bank (the Fed) to control all of the US’s major monetary policies as well as all of its money is dangerous? What might be some of the unintended consequences of giving this much power to one private entity?
Module 7 Lecture (Ch. 18): Money and the Monetary System
What Is Money?
The answer seems simple enough, yet there are some false illusions as to what is and what is not money. Basically, money is anything that is commonly accept.
Overview of fed
The Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States. It was established in 1913 and consists of regional Federal Reserve Banks, numerous commercial bank members, and a Board of Governors. The System serves to regulate the money supply and banking system, acting as a lender of last resort to banks. It also serves as the government's bank, handling Treasury transactions and auctions. Monetary policy is set by the Federal Open Market Committee, which includes the Board of Governors and Federal Reserve Bank presidents.
Econ315 Money and Banking: Learning Unit 23: Monetary Policy - Tools and Cond...
This document provides an overview of monetary policy tools and how the Federal Reserve conducts monetary policy. It discusses the three main tools - open market operations, discount window operations, and reserve requirements. For each tool, it explains how the Fed uses the tool to influence monetary policy goals like money supply, interest rates, and financial stability. It also discusses how the Fed expanded its tools during the financial crisis to provide liquidity to non-bank financial institutions through asset purchases and quantitative easing.
The Failure Of The Federal Reserve System
The document discusses the history and role of the U.S. dollar as the world's reserve currency and how this status benefits American global dominance. It explains that while military power is visible, the dollar's role in the global economy is equally important for securing U.S. control of international markets. Maintaining the dollar's status is crucial for continued American hegemony into the future.
Chap010
The document provides an overview of monetary policy in the United States. It discusses the goals and tools of the Federal Reserve, including open market operations, targeted interest rates, and reserve ratios. It also explains how the banking system creates money through the process of lending deposits. The document outlines models of how monetary policy impacts aggregate demand and the economy through changes in interest rates and the money supply.
Similar to The Federal Reserve System was established to provide a stable m.docx (20)
Surname 1Surname 6The open market operation in the F.docx
Surname 1Surname 6The open market operation in the F.docx
Money and Our Monetary SystemThe monetary system in any economy fa.pdf
Money and Our Monetary SystemThe monetary system in any economy fa.pdf
Module 26 the federal reserve system history and structure
Module 26 the federal reserve system history and structure
1Week 2 Textbook ProblemsWeek 2 Textbook Problems 2S.docx
1Week 2 Textbook ProblemsWeek 2 Textbook Problems 2S.docx
Assume that you recently graduated with a degree in finance and have.pdf
Assume that you recently graduated with a degree in finance and have.pdf
The US had a national bank during the first few decades after its bi.pdf
The US had a national bank during the first few decades after its bi.pdf
28 Monetary Policy andBank RegulationFigure 28.1 Marri.docx
28 Monetary Policy andBank RegulationFigure 28.1 Marri.docx
1. One of the functions of money is that it is a ‘store of value’..docx
1. One of the functions of money is that it is a ‘store of value’..docx
Econ315 Money and Banking: Learning Unit 23: Monetary Policy - Tools and Cond...
Econ315 Money and Banking: Learning Unit 23: Monetary Policy - Tools and Cond...
More from todd771
The Field Guide to Human-Centered DesignBy IDE.docx
The Field Guide to Human-Centered Design
By IDEO.org
1st Edition © 2015
ISBN: 978-0-9914063-1-9
This work is licensed under the creative commons
attribution, noncommercial, no derivatives 3.0
unported license.
Attribution — You must attribute the work in the
manner specified by the author or licensor (but not
in any way that suggests that they endorse you or
your use of the work).
Noncommerical — You may not use this work for
commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build
upon the material, you may not distribute the
modified material.
Printed in Canada
THE
FIELD GUIDE
Contents
Introduction
Mindsets
Creative Confidence
Make It
Learn from Failure
Empathy
Embrace Ambiguity
Optimism
Iterate, Iterate, Iterate
Methods
INSPIRATION
Frame Your Design Challenge
Create a Project Plan
Build a Team
Recruiting Tools
Secondary Research
Interview
Group Interview
Expert Interview
Define Your Audience
Conversation Starters
Extremes and Mainstreams
Immersion
Analogous Inspiration
Card Sort
Peers Observing Peers
09
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
27
29
31
34
35
36
37
39
42
43
44
45
49
52
53
57
60
Collage
Guided Tour
Draw It
Resource Flow
Case Study: Vroom
IDEATION
Download Your Learnings
Share Inspiring Stories
Top Five
Find Themes
Create Insight Statements
Explore Your Hunch
How Might We
Create Frameworks
Brainstorm
Brainstorm Rules
Bundle Ideas
Get Visual
Mash-Ups
Design Principles
Create a Concept
Co-Creation Session
Gut Check
Determine What to Prototype
Storyboard
Role Playing
61
64
65
67
71
75
77
78
79
80
81
84
85
89
94
95
97
101
104
105
108
109
110
111
113
118
119
123
126
127
129
133
135
136
137
140
141
144
145
146
147
148
149
152
153
157
159
163
189
Rapid Prototyping
Business Model Canvas
Get Feedback
Integrate Feedback and Iterate
Case Study: Asili
IMPLEMENTATION
Live Prototyping
Roadmap
Resource Assessment
Build Partnerships
Ways to Grow Framework
Staff Your Project
Funding Strategy
Pilot
Define Success
Keep Iterating
Create a Pitch
Sustainable Revenue
Monitor and Evaluate
Keep Getting Feedback
Case Study: Clean Team
Resources
Colophon
8
The Field Guide to Human-Centered Design
09
Introduction
What Does It
Mean to Be
Embracing human-centered design means believing that all problems,
even the seemingly intractable ones like poverty, gender equality,
and clean water, are solvable. Moreover, it means believing that the
people who face those problems every day are the ones who hold the
key to their answer. Human-centered design offers problem solvers of
any stripe a chance to design with communities, to deeply understand
the people they’re looking to serve, to dream up scores of ideas, and to
create innovative new solutions rooted in people’s actual needs.
At IDEO.org and IDEO, we’ve used human-centered design for decades
to create produc.
The fictional Be Good company recorded the following financial data .docx
The fictional Be Good company recorded the following financial data for the year ended 20X2:
Sales
$1,000,000
Cash
$25,000
Cost of goods sold
$700,000
Inventory
$50,000
Accounts receivable
$75,000
Operating expenses
$200,000
Fixed assets
$400,000
Interest expenses
$20,000
Accounts payable
$15,000
Taxes
$ 30,000
Long-term debt
$300,000
Owner’s equity
$225,000
Accruals
$10,000
Organize these data into a balance sheet and an income statement.
.
The Female Reproductive SystemPlease compose a 750 Word Essay, r.docx
The Female Reproductive System
Please compose a 750 Word Essay, regarding the following:
· Identify the anatomical structures of the male and female reproductive systems in words and diagrams should be included as well.
· Explain the menstrual cycle
· Explain the physiology of reproduction
· Explain all of the phases of childbirth
.
The Female Reproductive SystemPlease compose a 1000 Word minimum.docx
The Female Reproductive System
Please compose a 1000 Word minimum Paper, regarding the following:
Identify the anatomical structures of the male/female reproductive systems and diagrams should be included as well.
Explain the menstrual cycle
Explain the physiology of reproduction in both men and women
Explain all of the phases of childbirth
.
The FBI considers the Animal Liberation Front to be aan _______.docx
The FBI considers the Animal Liberation Front to be a/an _______ organization.
A.
agroterrorist
B.
issue-oriented advocacy
C.
loosely affiliated extremist
D.
special interest terrorist
.
The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina Lessons Learned (Febru.docx
The
Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina Lessons Learned
(February, 2006) recommended that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) establish a National Exercise and Evaluation Program (NEEP). By extension, the NEEP designated the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) as a way to standardize exercise planning and execution across governmental levels and sectors. Not all nongovernmental organizations use HSEEP in full or even partially. However, communities, states, and various federal agencies are expected to adopt and employ its tenets. Certainly, it provides the standard that is employed in the National Exercise Program (NEP). The HSEEP provides a standardized methodology for planners to use in designing, developing, conducting, evaluating, and improving exercises and training.
The HSEEP also serves as an extensive resource, replete with useful tools, templates, and examples for building exercises and determining training needs, creating training events, and assessing the merits of all related activities. As you know or are learning, training and exercises are ideally integrated, not merely linked. What is the difference between these concepts of
linked
and
integrated
? Exercises that are linked to training may (or may not) draw directly or indirectly from training drills and events. Exercises that integrate training are considerably more dynamic, with training occurring as the exercise unfolds. This latter technique better develops critical thinking, problem-solving, leadership, and decision-making abilities as well.
The following illustration should clarify this benefit:
Soldiers and law enforcement personnel routinely attend weapons ranges to practice and qualify on their assigned weapons. This training helps them to maintain proficiency or improve in their individual skills. Consider an exercise that links this specific training to other training. The soldiers are completing a special obstacle course in which they run, climb rope ladders, swing over water obstacles, etc. Sometime during the course, they shoot at targets and then dismantle weapons under timed conditions and must achieve a certain score on their target hits. There is linkage to firing weapons accurately to the overall stress-inducing obstacle course.
Integrating the weapons training might look like the following: Soldiers, equipped with laser-emitting weapons, and wearing special sensors on their helmets and vests, commence to move in tactical formations proceeding through wooded (or desert, jungle, etc.) environments. Another group of soldiers, also equipped with special weapons and sensors, plays the opposing force. The two groups engage in realistic combat operations requiring accurate weapons fire, plus evasive movement, simulated first aid, evacuation of casualties, and other assorted requirements. In this case, firing a weapon potentially has an offensive and defensive role, yet is one part of a whole scenario. (You might substitute law en.
The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina Lessons Learned (F.docx
The
Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina Lessons Learned
(February, 2006) recommended that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) establish a National Exercise and Evaluation Program (NEEP). By extension, the NEEP designated the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) as a way to standardize exercise planning and execution across governmental levels and sectors. Not all nongovernmental organizations use HSEEP in full or even partially. However, communities, states, and various federal agencies are expected to adopt and employ its tenets. Certainly, it provides the standard that is employed in the National Exercise Program (NEP). The HSEEP provides a standardized methodology for planners to use in designing, developing, conducting, evaluating, and improving exercises and training.
The HSEEP also serves as an extensive resource, replete with useful tools, templates, and examples for building exercises and determining training needs, creating training events, and assessing the merits of all related activities. As you know or are learning, training and exercises are ideally integrated, not merely linked. What is the difference between these concepts of
linked
and
integrated
? Exercises that are linked to training may (or may not) draw directly or indirectly from training drills and events. Exercises that integrate training are considerably more dynamic, with training occurring as the exercise unfolds. This latter technique better develops critical thinking, problem-solving, leadership, and decision-making abilities as well.
The following illustration should clarify this benefit:
Soldiers and law enforcement personnel routinely attend weapons ranges to practice and qualify on their assigned weapons. This training helps them to maintain proficiency or improve in their individual skills. Consider an exercise that links this specific training to other training. The soldiers are completing a special obstacle course in which they run, climb rope ladders, swing over water obstacles, etc. Sometime during the course, they shoot at targets and then dismantle weapons under timed conditions and must achieve a certain score on their target hits. There is linkage to firing weapons accurately to the overall stress-inducing obstacle course.
Integrating the weapons training might look like the following: Soldiers, equipped with laser-emitting weapons, and wearing special sensors on their helmets and vests, commence to move in tactical formations proceeding through wooded (or desert, jungle, etc.) environments. Another group of soldiers, also equipped with special weapons and sensors, plays the opposing force. The two groups engage in realistic combat operations requiring accurate weapons fire, plus evasive movement, simulated first aid, evacuation of casualties, and other assorted requirements. In this case, firing a weapon potentially has an offensive and defensive role, yet is one part of a whole scenario. (You might substitute law en.
The Failure of Theory to Predict the Way Public SectorOrgani.docx
The Failure of Theory to Predict the Way Public Sector
Organisation Responds to its Organisational
Environment and the Need for a Mosaic-View
of Organisational Theory
Bryane Michael & Maja Popov
Published online: 25 November 2014
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract What does theory predict about the way government size and structure
adapts to changes in government’s organisational environment (particularly to
uncertainty and complexity)? In this paper, we review the theory and evidence
from the literature about the way government size adjusts to such changes –
particularly to changes in macroeconomic fundamentals like gross national prod-
uct (GDP). We find that the traditional theories from the organisational theory
literature—like the contingency-based view, resource-based view and the rational
choice view – fail to provide global explanations for much of the variation we
see in the world around us. Instead, theorists need to adopt a “mosaic view” of
organisational theory – accepting that different theories may explain the way
public sector size and structure responds to the uncertainty and variability in its
(macroeconomic) organisational environment. We also provide several empirical
hypotheses to test such a mosaic-view.
Keywords Contingency theory. Public sector organisational theory. Resource-based
view. Size of government . Government structure . “Mosaic view”
JELCodes . F4 . D7 . E6 . H1 . H4
Public Organiz Rev (2016) 16:55–75
DOI 10.1007/s11115-014-0296-5
The views expressed in this paper remain the views of the authors alone and do not reflect the views of the
organisations for which the authors work or are affiliated with.
The affiliations shown as of time of writing.
B. Michael (*)
Columbia University (SIPA), 420 W 118th St #1, New York, NY 10027, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
M. Popov
General Secretariat of the Government of Serbia, 11 Nemanjina St., Belgrade, Serbia
Introduction
Despite over 40 years of theorizing about public sector organisation, we still know very
little about how government responds to changes in its organisational environment. A
variety of theories predict how government size and structure should respond to the
national macroeconomic environment it regulates (as well as buys and sells labour, capital
and goods in). Contingency theorists argue – though are now in relative disrepute – that
government departments and agencies grow, shrink, divide and/or merge in response to
changes in the macroeconomic environment (Gupta et al. 1994). Resource-based theorists
– and their newer off-spring who write about “competencies” – argue that these govern-
ment departments morph, depending on the resources (budgetary, staffing, know-how and
so forth) they already have available – or can obtain through bureaucratic and/or political
means (Bryson et al. 2007). Rational-choice theorists, and select scholars in public
administration, argue that government organisational structure does (or sho.
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) will meet on Sept. 25th a.docx
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) will meet on Sept. 25th and 26th. In one page or less, address the following.
1. Summarize the action, if any, taken by the FOMC.
2. Explain in your analysis why the FOMC took this action.
1. Why it took this action?
2. Discuss what effect the FOMC’s actions or lack of actions had on the following:
1. Stock market immediately after the announcement on Wednesday the 26th at 1:00 central time
2. The closing price on the DJIA the day before and the day of the announcement
3. Closing interest rates (use the 3-month Treasury bill and the 10-year Treasury note) on the day before and the day of the announcement
3. Be specific (DJIA, S&P 500 up 20pts, Yield on 10yr treasury down 30bp, etc.).
Project Plan
Project Overview Statement, Part II
Conversion of Legacy Database to New ERP Software
Member 1
Member 2
Member 3
Member 4
PROJ-584
Managing Software Development Projects
Professor Name
School Name
October 7, 2018
Project Plan
Project Overview Statement
Executive Summary
Team #3 is proposing a software development/upgrade project to move from the legacy software/database MANFACT, to SyteLine® ERP inventory and financial database, to meet the needs of the growing business. This project is in line with the strategic objective of increasing sales and improving customer satisfaction by improving on time delivery at the Los Angeles, CA facility. This ERP software is in use at other facilities in the parent organization for many years now and has been successful in improving performance and delivery as well as reduced inventory levels and improved sales and bookings. This project has a preliminary budget of $500,000 with a duration of 12 -18 months.
Statement of Scope
This project will be company-wide and implemented in all departments and areas of the company. The new software Syteline® (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZLEMmqTdoE), will reduce the amount of manual tracking of jobs (phone calls, emails, manual excel schedules, attending department meetings, etc.) by providing real-time communication of timelines and part movement and flow throughout the shop and along with status of open programs or large jobs. It will also improve On Time Delivery (OTD) performance through enhanced planning and scheduling of orders. Reduction of lead times (customer delivery) through the elimination of wasted processes and excessive move and queue times built in because of manual processes.
We intend to complete this transformation by:
· Converting existing data into the new ERP database.
· Upgrade server and network equipment to meet increased traffic demands.
· Run pilot programs in parallel to test and verify new process capabilities.
· Create standard work for each department
· Train all employees that would use this system from managers to leads, from sales to production, and engineering to purchasing.
Project Organization (MARC)
This software upgrade will be in alignment with the organization's strat.
The Federal Government’s Fiscal Policy and the National Debt [WLOs.docx
The document discusses the roles of government bodies in determining fiscal policy, the effects of fiscal policy on the economy, and how the large U.S. national debt impacts fiscal policy decisions. It asks whether the national debt is a serious problem like personal debt by having the student thoroughly discuss reasons why it may or may not be.
The Federal Judiciary I. Constitutional Provisions .docx
The Federal Judiciary
I. Constitutional Provisions
A. Article III of the Constitution - “The judicial Power in the United States, shall be vested
in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time
ordain and establish.” Also provides for lifetime tenure.
B. Marbury v. Madison (1803) - - gave the judicial branch the power to of judicial review -
decide on the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive actions.
II. The Legal System
A. Criminal and Civil Law
1. Criminal Law - the branch of law dealing with crimes and their punishments.
(Murder, rape, robbery) state v citizen, innocent until proven guilty, burden of
proof on government, beyond a reasonable doubt
2. Civil Law - is the body of law dealing with noncriminal matters, such as the laws
of property, commercial law, and family law. (Employment discrimination)
citizen v citizen, threshold of proof is lower, PREPONDERANCE OF
EVIDENCE.
B. Jurisdiction - the authority to hear and decide cases.
1. Original Jurisdiction - refers to a court’s authority to hear disputes as a trial
court (Ex. O. J. Simpson’s case was held in a state level trial court). The facts of
the case are established at the trial court level. More than 90 percent of all cases
end at this stage.
2. Appellate Jurisdiction - refers to a court’s ability to review cases already decided
by a trial court.
III. The U.S. Court System: Organization and Jurisdiction
A. Federal District Courts - are trial courts. There are 94, based on population but with at
least one in each state.
1. They are courts of original jurisdiction.
2. Some use juries (either grand jury to decide if there is sufficient evidence to bring
an indictment to an accused person or petit jury that hear evidence and sit in
judgment) and other cases are heard by only a judge.
B. Circuit Court of Appeal - are intermediate appellate courts. There are 12, based on
regions or circuits that hear appeals from the federal district court. A thirteenth court, U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, hears cases on patents and government contracts.
Usually, a group of three judges decides their cases.
C. Supreme Court - is the ultimate appellate court. Most cases that it hears have proceeded
through the lower courts first. Today, we have 8 justices and one chief justice - 9 in total.
1. Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court are binding throughout the nation and
establish legal precedents.
2. Also has original jurisdiction - disputes involving ambassadors, two or more
states, etc.
IV. Judicial Selection - the president’s means of exercising leadership of the judicial branch
is through the nomination of federal judges.
A. Selection of Lower-Court Judges - this involves the federal district courts and the
court of appeals. The president nominates for a lifetime tenure and the Senate must
confirm each nomination by a majority vo.
The federal government has assumed responsibility for educating .docx
The federal government has assumed responsibility for educating children living on federal property since the 1800s by paying those children’s school tuition. The advent of the Korean War led to a significant increase in military housing. Military installations began building schools on federal properties in the southern states in the early 1950s.
There are several reasons why military children began attending schools on military installations rather than the local public schools, also known as Local Education Activities (LEAs). One significant reason is related to desegregation. Desegregation in the U.S. Military occurred prior to desegregation in public education. To support its own desegregation policies and the type of community these policies fostered, the government established desegregated schools for the children of military personnel.
In addition, state law prohibited the expenditure of tax revenues for the education of children living on federal property. The military decided to build its own schools for the children of military personnel rather than paying for these children to attend local public schools.
At present, all stateside U.S. Department of Defense Educational Activity (DoDEA) schools fall under the responsibility of the Department of Defense Title 10 under the direction of the Secretary of Defense. The overseas schools (or, DoDDS) fall under the responsibility of Title 20, Department of Education (DoDEA; School Boards for Department of Defense Domestic Schools Training Materials, 2012).
Throughout the years, there have been many changes and shifts, as well as attempts to reintegrate children into LEAs. From time to time, the cost of supporting the schools is brought into question. In addition, whenever a military installation closes, its associated school, if any, closes too.
Not all military children attend schools on military installations. Many receive quality educations at their LEAs. Regardless if a military child attends a school on a military installation or an LEA, it is important for helping professionals to know the types of education available to military children, to know how to support the needs of these students, and to know the laws that protect and support the social, emotional, and academic success of military children.
For this paper, take into account what you have learned so far about military culture, review the two videos assigned this week, and conduct some additional research to deepen your understanding of the education of military children.
Submit
a 3- to 4-page paper in which you:
Choose one family from the videos and briefly describe their circumstances as if they were an identified client
Explain how the DoDEA school system could be utilized to help the family you chose
Analyze how the scenarios discussed or circumstances may have been different in a civilian school
Explain what social work strategies you would utilize with this family
Explain how military culture played a part .
The Facts Peel Factor is the leading fruit juice provider .docx
The Facts
Peel Factor is the leading fruit juice provider in the country. The company is family owned and has been headed by brothers, Ted and Kiki, since the untimely passing of their father a few years ago. Kiki is the face of the enterprise and acts as the Executive Director of Peel Factor, soaking in all the plaudits for how well the company has performed. Ted is the reliable right-hand man who, until recently, faithfully executes his duties as one of the directors. Unbeknownst to Kiki, Ted has always felt that he can do a better job than his brother in leading the company, if given the chance to do so.
Secretly, Ted has been approached by a talent scout hired by Fresh Inc., who is Peel Factor’s direct competitor. Ted is intrigued by Fresh Inc.’s offer to head their company and is tempted by the potential to achieve recognition for his business sense and administrative ability. He gives his in-principle agreement to Fresh Inc. to accept their offer. Out of brotherly love, he decides to inform Kiki first before signing the employment contract proper.
Unfortunately for Ted, a local news reporter gets wind of the intended appointment and releases the news via the country’s premier social media app. Kiki is enraged by this perceived “betrayal” and goes to talk to Ted, hoping to come to an agreement on the way forward.
However, once he gets to the office, Kiki loses it and castigates Ted, calling him “a wastrel and a disgrace to the family.” Ted tries to ignore Kiki and refuses to speak to him initially. Kiki then goes on to tell Ted that he “is the reason why father passed on early,” because Ted “is such a disappointment.” Kiki also says that Ted is “lousy” and that is why he “failed” at his job, and that the company would do much better without him, even though he has no evidence for this statement.
Unable to hold it together any longer, Ted yells that Kiki has “always been the spoilt favourite family brat” and has only got so far because he is “tied to mummy’s apron strings.” Incensed at the situation, Kiki then proposes to buy back Ted’s shares in the family business for $0.04 per share even though he knows that the market price is $0.20 per share. Ted shouts back that Kiki has always been a “bully” since Ted lost Kiki’s favourite stuffed toy in their youth, even though Ted knows this has nothing to do with the current dispute.
Kiki and Ted then both claim that they will each hear from their respective lawyers about this situation.
Inwardly, Kiki is devastated. He has always wanted the family business to do well and wanted to keep his family together. Before their father passed, Kiki promised to take care of his brother and now the family seems to be torn asunder. Heartbroken, Kiki wishes deeply to keep the promise to his late father. In fact, Kiki actually thought he was grooming Ted to eventually take over from him in the near future. Further, he is extremely concerned about losing his existing clients as well as his staff.
The Federal Courts The judiciary ought to be the defender of .docx
The Federal Courts: The judiciary ought to be the defender of liberty, equality and democracy. With references to the authors, are the courts really performing that role as the framers of the constitution intended?
Explain the connections among the different segments of the United States court system.
.
The Financial Review 40 (2005) 1--9Reflections on the Effi.docx
The document summarizes evidence that actively managed investment funds do not consistently outperform the market. Over periods of 10 years or more, over 80% of actively managed funds underperformed their benchmark indexes. This suggests that markets are generally efficient, as arbitrage opportunities are not being exploited by professional investors. While some active managers do beat the market in individual periods, there is no persistence in performance - past winners often underperform in future periods. Expenses and high portfolio turnover help explain why the average actively managed fund underperforms the market by over 200 basis points after fees. Overall, the evidence supports the efficient market hypothesis and suggests investors are best served by low-cost index funds.
The financial appraisal report should contain 4 sections that co.docx
The financial appraisal report should contain 4 sections that cover the initial design concept, initial financial appraisal, design, and financial viability analysis, balancing design, and profitability. Further detail on each of these sections is provided below.
need to use excel
.
The financial appraisal report should contain 4 sections that cover .docx
The financial appraisal report should contain 4 sections that cover the initial design concept, initial financial appraisal, design, and financial viability analysis, balancing design, and profitability. Further detail on each of these sections is provided below.
need to use excel
you will post one is the Excel, other is the word documents and the excel table need to Make a screenshot to put in the word document
.
The final step in the course project is to develop the presentat.docx
The final step in the course project is to develop the presentation with audio narration.
You may use PowerPoint or another method (mp4 file) approved by your instructor.
Deliver the presentation in a professional and engaging manner.
Include parenthetical in-text citations support observations made in the presentation. Make sure to read the citations when recording your narration. Do not read the references slide.
Presentation Requirements
Length: 4-6 minutes narrated presentation
Slide length: 5-8 slides (not including title slide, conclusion slide, or references slide)
Title slide
Conclusion slide
References slide (minimum of 8 scholarly sources cited in APA format; not narrated)
.
The Finalized PlanPlease respond to the following discussion.docx
The Finalized Plan
Please respond to the following discussion topic and submit to the discussion forum as a single post. Your initial post should be a minimum of 150 words in length. Then, make at least two thoughtful responses to your fellow students’ posts.
Discuss the benefits of your plan to the organization, to management, to the employees, and to patients if applicable.
.
The Final version of the Integrated Investigation Project. Ideally, .docx
The Final version of the Integrated Investigation Project. Ideally, all of you just need to make a couple edits based upon my comments for each of the smaller assignments that were turned in throughout the semester, copy-paste them into one document, write an abstract (more about that below), make sure it all flows together, and submit.
.
More from todd771 (20)
The Field Guide to Human-Centered DesignBy IDE.docx
The Field Guide to Human-Centered DesignBy IDE.docx
The fictional Be Good company recorded the following financial data .docx
The fictional Be Good company recorded the following financial data .docx
The Female Reproductive SystemPlease compose a 750 Word Essay, r.docx
The Female Reproductive SystemPlease compose a 750 Word Essay, r.docx
The Female Reproductive SystemPlease compose a 1000 Word minimum.docx
The Female Reproductive SystemPlease compose a 1000 Word minimum.docx
The FBI considers the Animal Liberation Front to be aan _______.docx
The FBI considers the Animal Liberation Front to be aan _______.docx
The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina Lessons Learned (Febru.docx
The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina Lessons Learned (Febru.docx
The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina Lessons Learned (F.docx
The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina Lessons Learned (F.docx
The Failure of Theory to Predict the Way Public SectorOrgani.docx
The Failure of Theory to Predict the Way Public SectorOrgani.docx
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) will meet on Sept. 25th a.docx
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) will meet on Sept. 25th a.docx
The Federal Government’s Fiscal Policy and the National Debt [WLOs.docx
The Federal Government’s Fiscal Policy and the National Debt [WLOs.docx
The Federal Judiciary I. Constitutional Provisions .docx
The Federal Judiciary I. Constitutional Provisions .docx
The federal government has assumed responsibility for educating .docx
The federal government has assumed responsibility for educating .docx
The Facts Peel Factor is the leading fruit juice provider .docx
The Facts Peel Factor is the leading fruit juice provider .docx
The Federal Courts The judiciary ought to be the defender of .docx
The Federal Courts The judiciary ought to be the defender of .docx
The Financial Review 40 (2005) 1--9Reflections on the Effi.docx
The Financial Review 40 (2005) 1--9Reflections on the Effi.docx
The financial appraisal report should contain 4 sections that co.docx
The financial appraisal report should contain 4 sections that co.docx
The financial appraisal report should contain 4 sections that cover .docx
The financial appraisal report should contain 4 sections that cover .docx
The final step in the course project is to develop the presentat.docx
The final step in the course project is to develop the presentat.docx
The Finalized PlanPlease respond to the following discussion.docx
The Finalized PlanPlease respond to the following discussion.docx
The Final version of the Integrated Investigation Project. Ideally, .docx
The Final version of the Integrated Investigation Project. Ideally, .docx
Recently uploaded
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Recently uploaded (20)
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
The Federal Reserve System was established to provide a stable m.docx
- 1. The Federal Reserve System was established to provide a stable monetary system for the entire economy. The Federal Reserve Bank (the Fed) has three major tools to control the money supply: 1) reserve requirements, 2) discount window for loans to member banks, and 3) open market operations. When the economy is in a recessionary mode, what will likely be the actions by the Federal Reserve using monetary policy? Suppose the Federal Reserve purchases a $100,000 bond from John Doe, who deposits the proceeds in the Manufacturer's National Bank; what will be the impact of this transaction on the supply of money? How do each of the Fed's tools work? What is the fractional reserve system, and how does it work in relation to the Fed? Review the Federal Reserve System and how the Fed alters the monetary base to achieve the levels of money supply in the economy.