The Criminalization of American BusinessWhat do Bank of Americ.docx
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The Criminalization of American Business What do Bank of America, Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase, and Goldman Sachs have in common? All paid hefty fines for purportedly misleading investors about mortgage-backed securities. In fact, these companies paid the government a total of $50 billion in fines. The payments were made in lieu of criminal prosecutions. Today, several hundred thousand federal rules that apply to businesses carry some form of criminal penalty. That is in addition to more than four thousand federal laws, many of which carry criminal sanctions for their violation. From 2000 to 2019, about 3,200 corporations either were convicted or pleaded guilty to violating federal statutes or rules. Criminal Convictions The first successful criminal conviction in a federal court against a company—the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad—was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1909 (the violation: cutting prices). Many other successful convictions followed. One landmark case developed the aggregation test , now called the Doctrine of Collective Knowledge. This test aggregates the omissions and acts of two or more persons in a corporation, thereby constructing an actus reus and a mens rea out of the conduct and knowledge of several individuals. Not all government attempts at applying criminal law to corporations survive. Courts have sometimes found insufficient evidence to show that a company acted with specific intent to commit a crime. Often, however, companies choose to reach settlement agreements with the government rather than fight criminal indictments. Many Pay Substantial Fines in Lieu of Prosecution More than four hundred corporations reached so-called non-prosecution agreements with the government from 2000 to the beginning of 2019. These agreements typically involve multimillion- or multibillion-dollar fines. This number does not include fines paid to the Environmental Protection Agency or to the Fish and Wildlife Service. According to law professors Margaret Lemos and Max Minzner, “Public enforcers often seek large monetary awards for self-interested reasons divorced from the public interest and deterrents. The incentives are strongest when enforcement agencies are permitted to retain all or some of the proceeds of enforcement.” Questions Presented 1)Why might a corporation’s managers agree to pay a large fine rather than to be indicted and proceed to trial? 2)How does a manager determine the optimal amount of legal research to undertake to prevent her or his company from violating the many thousands of federal regulations? .
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Learning Objectives
The five Learning Objectives below are designed to help improve your understanding. After reading this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions:
1. What are two different views of the role of business in society?
2. How do duty-based ethical standards differ from outcome-based ethical standards?
3. What is short-term profit maximization, and why does it lead to ethical problems?
4. What are the four steps in the IDDR approach to ethical decision making?
5. What ethical issues might arise in the context of global business transactions?
“New occasions teach new duties.”
James Russell Lowell 1819–1891 (American editor, poet, and diplomat)
One of the most complex issues that businesspersons and corporations face is ethics. Ethics is not as clearly defined as the law, and yet it can substantially impact a firm’s finances and reputation, especially when the firm is involved in a well-publicized scandal. Some scandals arise from conduct that is legal but ethically questionable. At other times, the conduct is both illegal and unethical. Business law and legal environment students must be able to think critically about both legal and ethical issues. As noted in the chapter-opening quotation, “New occasions teach new duties.”
Suppose that Finn Clayborn dropped out of Harvard University to start a company in Silicon Valley that developed and sold finger-prick blood-test kits. Clayborn raised millions from investors by claiming that his new technology would revolutionize blood testing by providing a full range of laboratory tests from a few drops of blood. The kits were marketed as a better alternative to traditional, more expensive lab tests ordered by physicians. They were sold at drugstores for a few dollars each and touted as a way for consumers to test their blood type and monitor their cholesterol, iron, and many other conditions. Within six years, Clayborn and his company were making millions. But complaints started rolling in that the test kits didn’t work and the results were not accurate (because more blood was needed). Numerous consumers, drugstores, and government agencies sued the company for fraudulent and misleading marketing practices. Clayborn’s profitable start-up now faces an uncertain future.
The goal of business ethics is not to stifle innovation. There is nothing unethical about a company selling an idea or technology that is still being developed. In fact, that’s exactly what many successful start-ups do—take a promising idea and develop it into a reality. But businesspersons also need to consider what will happen if new technologies do not work. Do they go ahead with production and sales? What are the ethical problems with putting a product on the market that does not function as advertised? To be sure, there is not always one clear answer to an ethical question. What is clear is that rushing to production and not thinking through ...
Discussion 1 week 2 Crimes That Harm Business Versus Crimes Commit.docx
Discussion 1 week 2 Crimes That Harm Business Versus Crimes Committed by Business
Which do you believe presents the greatest threat to civil society: a corporation that commits crimes (e.g., murder, environmental crimes, or bribery), or persons who commit crimes that harm businesses (e.g., embezzlement, fraud, or larceny)? Defend your response, using at least one example from current events.
Guided Response: Respond to at least two of your fellow students’ posts in a substantive manner. Some ways to do this include the following, though you may choose a different approach, providing your response is substantive:
Review the posts made by your peers. In response to your peers, first identify a non-traditional or creative way in which a corporation might be punished for committing a crime. Then discuss the consequences of implementing that punishment to the example used by your peer.
Respond to Meas Khlaing post
In general, any type of crime being committed will be considered a threat to civil society. In this case, crimes that harm business vs crimes committed by business I would go with the persons who commit crimes that harm businesses is the greatest threat to society today. Not only does this affects the people but the organization structure as well. This can affect the image/reputation of how the consumers do business with that particular organization. Society as a whole, we humans are judgmental creatures and depending on the crime it can affect a lot of things towards that business. However, this all depends on the crime that has been brought up and for society, stakeholder, law regulation to decided what the outcome of the case can be and depending on the case of the crime, paying a simple fine is one option to remedy the situation. For example, Well Fargo sandal with the fraud account being created. According to the NY Times (2018), “Wells Fargo was found by regulators to have systematically created fake customer accounts and misled customers and government officials.” This has caused a lot of problem any many people got away with the scandal and made lots of money from this scheme. Seaquist p. 86, describe fraud are likely to be committed at work and are in one of these six departments: accounting, operations, sales, executive/ upper management, customer service, or purchasing. In the end of this fraud scandal, Well Fargo was fined with a bill as a result of their illegal activities and faced many lawsuits altogether. This also led to the resignation of the CEO at Wells Fargo. Overall, the bank's stable reputation was tarnished by this widespread fraud.
Flitter, E., Appelbaum, B. & Cowley, S. (2018). NY Times. Federal Reserve Shackles Wells Fargo After Fraud Scandal. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/02/business/wells-fargo-federal-reserve.html
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Learning Objectives
The five Learning Objectives below are designed to help improve your understanding. After reading this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions:
1. What are two different views of the role of business in society?
2. How do duty-based ethical standards differ from outcome-based ethical standards?
3. What is short-term profit maximization, and why does it lead to ethical problems?
4. What are the four steps in the IDDR approach to ethical decision making?
5. What ethical issues might arise in the context of global business transactions?
“New occasions teach new duties.”
James Russell Lowell 1819–1891 (American editor, poet, and diplomat)
One of the most complex issues that businesspersons and corporations face is ethics. Ethics is not as clearly defined as the law, and yet it can substantially impact a firm’s finances and reputation, especially when the firm is involved in a well-publicized scandal. Some scandals arise from conduct that is legal but ethically questionable. At other times, the conduct is both illegal and unethical. Business law and legal environment students must be able to think critically about both legal and ethical issues. As noted in the chapter-opening quotation, “New occasions teach new duties.”
Suppose that Finn Clayborn dropped out of Harvard University to start a company in Silicon Valley that developed and sold finger-prick blood-test kits. Clayborn raised millions from investors by claiming that his new technology would revolutionize blood testing by providing a full range of laboratory tests from a few drops of blood. The kits were marketed as a better alternative to traditional, more expensive lab tests ordered by physicians. They were sold at drugstores for a few dollars each and touted as a way for consumers to test their blood type and monitor their cholesterol, iron, and many other conditions. Within six years, Clayborn and his company were making millions. But complaints started rolling in that the test kits didn’t work and the results were not accurate (because more blood was needed). Numerous consumers, drugstores, and government agencies sued the company for fraudulent and misleading marketing practices. Clayborn’s profitable start-up now faces an uncertain future.
The goal of business ethics is not to stifle innovation. There is nothing unethical about a company selling an idea or technology that is still being developed. In fact, that’s exactly what many successful start-ups do—take a promising idea and develop it into a reality. But businesspersons also need to consider what will happen if new technologies do not work. Do they go ahead with production and sales? What are the ethical problems with putting a product on the market that does not function as advertised? To be sure, there is not always one clear answer to an ethical question. What is clear is that rushing to production and not thinking through ...
Discussion 1 week 2 Crimes That Harm Business Versus Crimes Commit.docx
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Which do you believe presents the greatest threat to civil society: a corporation that commits crimes (e.g., murder, environmental crimes, or bribery), or persons who commit crimes that harm businesses (e.g., embezzlement, fraud, or larceny)? Defend your response, using at least one example from current events.
Guided Response: Respond to at least two of your fellow students’ posts in a substantive manner. Some ways to do this include the following, though you may choose a different approach, providing your response is substantive:
Review the posts made by your peers. In response to your peers, first identify a non-traditional or creative way in which a corporation might be punished for committing a crime. Then discuss the consequences of implementing that punishment to the example used by your peer.
Respond to Meas Khlaing post
In general, any type of crime being committed will be considered a threat to civil society. In this case, crimes that harm business vs crimes committed by business I would go with the persons who commit crimes that harm businesses is the greatest threat to society today. Not only does this affects the people but the organization structure as well. This can affect the image/reputation of how the consumers do business with that particular organization. Society as a whole, we humans are judgmental creatures and depending on the crime it can affect a lot of things towards that business. However, this all depends on the crime that has been brought up and for society, stakeholder, law regulation to decided what the outcome of the case can be and depending on the case of the crime, paying a simple fine is one option to remedy the situation. For example, Well Fargo sandal with the fraud account being created. According to the NY Times (2018), “Wells Fargo was found by regulators to have systematically created fake customer accounts and misled customers and government officials.” This has caused a lot of problem any many people got away with the scandal and made lots of money from this scheme. Seaquist p. 86, describe fraud are likely to be committed at work and are in one of these six departments: accounting, operations, sales, executive/ upper management, customer service, or purchasing. In the end of this fraud scandal, Well Fargo was fined with a bill as a result of their illegal activities and faced many lawsuits altogether. This also led to the resignation of the CEO at Wells Fargo. Overall, the bank's stable reputation was tarnished by this widespread fraud.
Flitter, E., Appelbaum, B. & Cowley, S. (2018). NY Times. Federal Reserve Shackles Wells Fargo After Fraud Scandal. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/02/business/wells-fargo-federal-reserve.html
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PAGE 280APPLYING THE CONCEPTTRUTH OR CONSEQUENCES PONZI SCHEM.docx
PAGE 280
APPLYING THE CONCEPT
TRUTH OR CONSEQUENCES: PONZI SCHEMES AND OTHER FRAUDS
In the financial world, you always have to be on the lookout for crooks. Fraud is the most extreme version of moral hazard, and it is remarkably common.
The term Ponzi scheme has its origins in a 1920 scam run by serial con artist Charles Ponzi. Promising a 50 percent profit within 45 days, he swindled unsuspecting investors out of something like $250 million in 2014 dollars. Ponzi never invested their money. Instead, he paid off early investors handsomely with the money he obtained from subsequent investors.
Financial laws are now far more elaborate than in Ponzi’s day, and governments spend much more to enforce them, but frauds persist.
Bernie Madoff is the leading recent example. For decades, Madoff was a respected member of the investment community and able to escape detection. In the same manner as Ponzi, Madoff was redeeming requests for funds with the money he collected from more recent investors. Madoff’s con, which may have begun as early as the 1970s, failed only when the financial crisis of 2007–2009 depleted his funds, making it impossible for him to pay off the final cohort of wealthy, sophisticated—yet apparently quite gullible—investors and financial firms. The Madoff scandal dwarfed Ponzi’s racket: at the time the scheme blew up, the losses were estimated at $17.5 billion, and extensive efforts at recovery have put final losses in the neighborhood of $7 billion.
Unfortunately, in a complex financial system, the possibilities for fraud are widespread. Most cases are smaller and more mundane than those of Madoff or Ponzi, but their cumulative size is significant. One source devoted to tracking just Ponzi-type frauds in the United States listed 70 schemes worth an estimated $2.2 billion in 2014 alone.*
We aren’t going to get rid of Ponzi schemes and other frauds (see In the Blog: Conflicts of Interest in Finance). But the mission of ferreting them out and prosecuting those responsible is essential. A well-functioning financial system is based on trust. That is, when we make a bank deposit or purchase a share of stock or a bond, we need to believe that the terms of the agreement are being accurately represented and will be carried out. Economies where property rights are weak and enforcement is unreliable also usually supply less credit to worthy endeavors. That means lower production, lower income, and lower welfare.
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110 CHAPTER FOURLegal, Regulatory, and Political Iss.docx
110
CHAPTER FOUR
Legal, Regulatory,
and Political Issues
Chapter Objectives
●● To understand the rationale for
government regulation of business
●● To examine the key legislation that
structures the legal environment for
business
●● To analyze the role of regulatory agencies
in the enforcement of public policy
●● To compare the costs and benefits of
regulation
●● To examine how business participates in
and influences public policy
●● To describe the government’s approach
for legal and ethical compliance
Chapter Outline
Government’s Influence on Business
The Contemporary Political Environment
The Government’s Strategic Approach for
Legal and Ethical Compliance
02/18/2018 - RS0000000000000000000000973322 - BUSINESS and SOCIETY 5th edition
111
In the technology industry, protecting one’s intellectual
property through patents is crucial to the survival of
a company. A patent gives an organization such as
Microsoft a temporary monopoly over a new technol-
ogy. Patents are intended to reward firms for the risks
they take in developing new products. They not only
allow the firms to recoup their investment but also
give them the chance to earn a significant profit. This
prompts technology firms to constantly innovate and
stay ahead of the competition by patenting new items.
Companies will often file lawsuits seeking dam-
ages from those they believe violated their intellectual
property rights. One well-publicized case occurred
between two titans of the cell phone industry, Apple
and Samsung. After Apple introduced its iconic iPhone,
Samsung came out with its own smartphone called
Galaxy S. Apple filed a lawsuit against Samsung, accus-
ing it of violating its iPhone patent by copying many
components of the iPhone, including the rectangular
shape; the black color of the phone; the tap to zoom,
the flip to rotate, the slide to scroll features; and so
on. It also claimed that Samsung copied features of its
iPad product.
Samsung countersued, claiming that many of
these components had already been patented by
Samsung; thus, Samsung—and not Apple—held the
intellectual property rights. The lawsuit soon snow-
balled, with suits being filed in the United States, South
Korea, Germany, Japan, and other areas. Many of these
countries came to different conclusions. For instance,
the United States found Samsung guilty of intellectual
property violations and ordered Samsung to pay Apple
$1 billion in damages (this was later reduced). However,
South Korea determined that Apple violated two
of Samsung’s patents, while Samsung violated one
of Apple’s. The United Kingdom ruled in favor of
Samsung, while Germany banned sales of the Galaxy
Tab 2.0 because of its similarities to Apple’s iPad 2.
The different court rulings demonstrate the com-
plexities of international regulations. The ethical and
legal standards of intellectual property vary from coun-
try to country, mak ...
The debate on the ratification of the U.S. Constitution was conducte.docx
The debate on the ratification of the U.S. Constitution was conducted between those who favored its passage who were known as “Federalists” and opponents to the ratification known as “Anti-Federalists”.
http://web.archive.org/web/20120312200301/http://www.utulsa.edu/law/classes/rice/constitutional/antifederalist/84.htm
Cite the name of the paper and the Author.
Identify two main points of each commentary.
Cite two or more quotes that are relevant to our modern day and explain how the quotes are relevant.
Visit the Founding Fathers Home Page index of Federalist Papers (
http://www.foundingfathers.info/federalistpapers/fedi.htm
). Choose ANY three of those papers and:
Cite the name of the paper and the Author.
Identify the two main points of each commentary.
Identify two or more quotes from each paper that identify limits on government that are currently being ignored by people in elected office and explain how elected officials are ignoring those limits.
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The debate over the Constitution is not only crucial to understandin.docx
The debate over the Constitution is not only crucial to understanding politics in American society in this time, but it is also VERY relevant today. What brought about the drive for the Constitution? What were some of the arguments for it? Against it? (Remember to cite specific evidence from the module when talking about this.) Which would you have preferred, the Constitution or the Articles? Why?
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The US needs to crackdown on corporate crime, fraud and abuse that have in the last four years looted and drained trillions of dollars from workers, investors, pension holders and consumers. Among the reforms needed are resources to prosecute and convict the corporate executive crooks and to democratize corporate governance so shareholders have real power; pay back ill-gotten gains; rein in executive pay; and enact corporate sunshine laws, among others.
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PAGE 280APPLYING THE CONCEPTTRUTH OR CONSEQUENCES PONZI SCHEM.docx
PAGE 280
APPLYING THE CONCEPT
TRUTH OR CONSEQUENCES: PONZI SCHEMES AND OTHER FRAUDS
In the financial world, you always have to be on the lookout for crooks. Fraud is the most extreme version of moral hazard, and it is remarkably common.
The term Ponzi scheme has its origins in a 1920 scam run by serial con artist Charles Ponzi. Promising a 50 percent profit within 45 days, he swindled unsuspecting investors out of something like $250 million in 2014 dollars. Ponzi never invested their money. Instead, he paid off early investors handsomely with the money he obtained from subsequent investors.
Financial laws are now far more elaborate than in Ponzi’s day, and governments spend much more to enforce them, but frauds persist.
Bernie Madoff is the leading recent example. For decades, Madoff was a respected member of the investment community and able to escape detection. In the same manner as Ponzi, Madoff was redeeming requests for funds with the money he collected from more recent investors. Madoff’s con, which may have begun as early as the 1970s, failed only when the financial crisis of 2007–2009 depleted his funds, making it impossible for him to pay off the final cohort of wealthy, sophisticated—yet apparently quite gullible—investors and financial firms. The Madoff scandal dwarfed Ponzi’s racket: at the time the scheme blew up, the losses were estimated at $17.5 billion, and extensive efforts at recovery have put final losses in the neighborhood of $7 billion.
Unfortunately, in a complex financial system, the possibilities for fraud are widespread. Most cases are smaller and more mundane than those of Madoff or Ponzi, but their cumulative size is significant. One source devoted to tracking just Ponzi-type frauds in the United States listed 70 schemes worth an estimated $2.2 billion in 2014 alone.*
We aren’t going to get rid of Ponzi schemes and other frauds (see In the Blog: Conflicts of Interest in Finance). But the mission of ferreting them out and prosecuting those responsible is essential. A well-functioning financial system is based on trust. That is, when we make a bank deposit or purchase a share of stock or a bond, we need to believe that the terms of the agreement are being accurately represented and will be carried out. Economies where property rights are weak and enforcement is unreliable also usually supply less credit to worthy endeavors. That means lower production, lower income, and lower welfare.
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110 CHAPTER FOURLegal, Regulatory, and Political Iss.docx
110
CHAPTER FOUR
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and Political Issues
Chapter Objectives
●● To understand the rationale for
government regulation of business
●● To examine the key legislation that
structures the legal environment for
business
●● To analyze the role of regulatory agencies
in the enforcement of public policy
●● To compare the costs and benefits of
regulation
●● To examine how business participates in
and influences public policy
●● To describe the government’s approach
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02/18/2018 - RS0000000000000000000000973322 - BUSINESS and SOCIETY 5th edition
111
In the technology industry, protecting one’s intellectual
property through patents is crucial to the survival of
a company. A patent gives an organization such as
Microsoft a temporary monopoly over a new technol-
ogy. Patents are intended to reward firms for the risks
they take in developing new products. They not only
allow the firms to recoup their investment but also
give them the chance to earn a significant profit. This
prompts technology firms to constantly innovate and
stay ahead of the competition by patenting new items.
Companies will often file lawsuits seeking dam-
ages from those they believe violated their intellectual
property rights. One well-publicized case occurred
between two titans of the cell phone industry, Apple
and Samsung. After Apple introduced its iconic iPhone,
Samsung came out with its own smartphone called
Galaxy S. Apple filed a lawsuit against Samsung, accus-
ing it of violating its iPhone patent by copying many
components of the iPhone, including the rectangular
shape; the black color of the phone; the tap to zoom,
the flip to rotate, the slide to scroll features; and so
on. It also claimed that Samsung copied features of its
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Samsung countersued, claiming that many of
these components had already been patented by
Samsung; thus, Samsung—and not Apple—held the
intellectual property rights. The lawsuit soon snow-
balled, with suits being filed in the United States, South
Korea, Germany, Japan, and other areas. Many of these
countries came to different conclusions. For instance,
the United States found Samsung guilty of intellectual
property violations and ordered Samsung to pay Apple
$1 billion in damages (this was later reduced). However,
South Korea determined that Apple violated two
of Samsung’s patents, while Samsung violated one
of Apple’s. The United Kingdom ruled in favor of
Samsung, while Germany banned sales of the Galaxy
Tab 2.0 because of its similarities to Apple’s iPad 2.
The different court rulings demonstrate the com-
plexities of international regulations. The ethical and
legal standards of intellectual property vary from coun-
try to country, mak ...
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The debate on the ratification of the U.S. Constitution was conducted between those who favored its passage who were known as “Federalists” and opponents to the ratification known as “Anti-Federalists”.
http://web.archive.org/web/20120312200301/http://www.utulsa.edu/law/classes/rice/constitutional/antifederalist/84.htm
Cite the name of the paper and the Author.
Identify two main points of each commentary.
Cite two or more quotes that are relevant to our modern day and explain how the quotes are relevant.
Visit the Founding Fathers Home Page index of Federalist Papers (
http://www.foundingfathers.info/federalistpapers/fedi.htm
). Choose ANY three of those papers and:
Cite the name of the paper and the Author.
Identify the two main points of each commentary.
Identify two or more quotes from each paper that identify limits on government that are currently being ignored by people in elected office and explain how elected officials are ignoring those limits.
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The debate over the Constitution is not only crucial to understandin.docx
The debate over the Constitution is not only crucial to understanding politics in American society in this time, but it is also VERY relevant today. What brought about the drive for the Constitution? What were some of the arguments for it? Against it? (Remember to cite specific evidence from the module when talking about this.) Which would you have preferred, the Constitution or the Articles? Why?
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She has decided to proceed with an
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The deadline for the final paper is
Monday May 11th at 11:59pm
. We will workshop your topics in class next Friday, and you can submit your outlines for me to review by
Tuesday May, 5th.
I hope to give you all feedback on your essay by Wednesday May 6th. As before, it may be best for me to call you over phone (if possible), so if you send me your outline, please provide a contact number if you are comfortable.
And some additional info about the paper: (gratefully adapted from an email the other TA., Prof, Colebrook, send to students in his recitations)
What's the paper about?
As Dr. Appiah discussed in class today, for this final paper, you're being given a wide latitude to write an in-depth, argumentative essay on the subject of your choosing. The only limitations are that (1) it must be about gender, human rights, or economic inequality, either in a national or international context, and (2) it must include some of the philosophical thought of at least two of the traditions we've covered (Confucian, Islamic, or "Western"/Liberal).
How will I be grading it?
I will use the same rubric I used to evaluate the midterm papers for this essay. You can consult your midterm papers for details on this.
Where do I start?
Here are a few pointers on how to get started. (None of what I say here is
necessary
for the paper, just suggestions).
1. Start with a specific human right or moral claim. The
UDHR
is a great place to begin.
2. Pick a human right. For example, the UDHR guarantees the right to freedom of religion.
3. Pick two or three of the traditions we've covered. In my case, I'd compare, say, a liberal perspective on freedom of religion and an Islamic perspective on freedom of religion.
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argumentative
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George is working on the CRM implementation and 2 other smaller projects. His hours look okay when Ben first looks at them. However, when Ben adds up George's hours for the past month across all 3 projects, they total more than 65 hours per week. Ben knows that George is barely on-site more than 4 hours per day and does not feel that George is producing anything close to 65 hours of work.
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The “Darth” Side of Technology Use: An
Inductively Derived Typology of
Cyberdeviance
SRINIVASAN VENKATRAMAN, CHRISTY M. K. CHEUNG, ZACH
W. Y. LEE, FRED D. DAVIS, AND VISWANATH VENKATESH
SRINIVASAN VENKATRAMAN ([email protected]) is a Chief Data Scientist
and AI/Machine Learning leader for The Boeing Company. He leads teams of data
scientists in designing, developing, and deploying machine learning and artificial
intelligence algorithms ranging from regression and classification to computer
vision/deep learning models across engineering, manufacturing, supply chain,
robotics, in-flight mechanics, and a multitude of other functions in the aerospace
domain. Prior to joining Boeing, Dr. Venkatraman was on the Information Systems
faculty at Washington State University. He holds a Ph.D. in Information Systems.
CHRISTY M. K. CHEUNG ([email protected]; corresponding author) is an
Associate Professor at Hong Kong Baptist University. She earned a Ph.D. in
Information Systems from the College of Business at City University of Hong
Kong. Her research interests include technology use as related to well-being, IT
adoption and use, societal implications of IT use, and social media. She has
published over one hundred refereed articles in scholarly journals and conference
proceedings, including Journal of Information Technology, Journal of Management
Information Systems, Journal of the Association for Information Science and
Technology, and MIS Quarterly, among others. Dr. Cheung is President of the
Association for Information Systems (AIS-Hong Kong Chapter). She also serves
as Editor-in-Chief of Internet Research.
ZACH W. Y. LEE ([email protected]) is an Assistant Professor in Marketing at
Durham University Business School, United Kingdom. He holds a Ph.D. degree
from Hong Kong Baptist University. His research interests include online consumer
behaviors, organizational and societal implications of IT use, social media, and
e-commerce. He has published in such journals as Information & Management,
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, Journal of
Marketing Analytics, and others. Dr. Lee serves as an Associate Editor of Internet
Research.
FRED D. DAVIS ([email protected]) is Professor and Stevenson Chair in
Information Technology at Texas Tech University. He earned his Ph.D. from
MIT’s Sloan School of Management, and he served on the Business School
faculties of University of Michigan, University of Minnesota, University of
Maryland, and University of Arkansas. Dr. Davis’s research interests include user
acceptance of information technology, technology-supported decision making, sys-
tem development practices, and NeuroIS. His research has been published in MIS
Journal of Management Information Systems / 2018, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 1060–1091.
Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN 0742–1222 (print) / ISSN 1557–928X (online)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2018.1523531
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protec.
THE CRISIS A DECADE LATERLehman’s Last Hires LookBack.docx
THE CRISIS: A DECADE LATER
Lehman’s Last Hires Look
Back
Four people who started at Lehman Brothers the day it
failed reflect on the lessons they’ve learned.
By Corrie Driebusch
September 15, 2008, was one of the darkest days in the
history of Wall Street. For four new college graduates,
it was also their first day of work at Lehman Brothers
Holdings Inc.
Sohil Sheth, Luvleen Sidhu, Justin Gaines and Brian
Grossman walked through the doors of Lehman just as
the venerable investment bank filed for bankruptcy
protection, an event that sent shockwaves around the
globe. The aftershocks continue to define many aspects
of American life a decade later.
The crisis provided these unlucky millennials with a
new perspective. Big institutions were no longer
infallible. Wall Street no longer offered a guaranteed
career path. Life was more fragile than they knew.
One thing was certain: Their world would never again
look the same.Sohil Sheth
Works for Boston technology firm Harding Point
Works for Boston technology firm Harding Point
My junior year at Amherst, everyone was trying to get
an internship in New York at a bank, and I got one with
Lehman’s investment management division. All we
heard from executives was that Lehman was going to
be the next Goldman Sachs.
The summer of 2008 I moved to New York for training.
I was definitely getting nervous that maybe they would
start laying people off. But the messaging at Lehman
was ‘don’t worry.’ There’s no way the government
would let anything happen to a company as big as
Lehman.
I was preparing for a licensing exam in my apartment
on Sunday, Sept. 14, and there was a new news story
every minute. I refreshed my computer browser and all
a sudden there was a headline that Lehman declares
bankruptcy. I got that feeling in the pit of my stomach.
The next day we all went in to work, but everyone was a
zombie.
I kept working there, but this cloud was hanging over
us. I worked in the fund of hedge funds group for two
and a half years, but then got super jaded. I went to
Peru and worked for a nonprofit for almost a year.
A decade ago I defended the finance industry. Looking
back, it’s tough to be socially conscious and work in it.
I’m not saying tech is saving the world, but there’s
more practical applications that can apply to a lot of
people than just making the rich richer.Luvleen Sidhu
Co-founded digital banking startup BankMobile
I interned at Lehman after my sophomore and junior
years at Harvard. I graduated in 2008 and started six
weeks of training, and the first day on the job was the
bankruptcy. I remember contacting HR and I asked,
should I come in? I’ve locked the response in my head
because it was so unusual. The response was, ‘please
come in, it’s business as usual.’
My first day was kind of crazy, in an eerie way that we
were ignoring reality. No one was acting panicked. No
one was acting out of line, though maybe they were
behind closed doors.
For it to happen the first day of my car.
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The data in the case are quotes taken from interviews of parents, faculty, and staff of an elementary school by request of the school’s principal, Nancy:
Organize these data to present to Nancy. Notice demographic details such as grade level, interviewee role, and tenure.
Try organizing the data a different way. Did you notice anything different from the first time you analyzed the data? Which method do you think was more effective?
How would you structure the feedback meeting with Nancy? Which themes would you present and why?
case is on page 270. Please write at least 500 words.
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The Dark Side of the Force”Language & ProcessRisk Aversio.docx
“The Dark Side of the Force”
Language & Process
Risk Aversion & Risk Culture
Corruption & Unethical Behaviors
Reading
:
Please note, you have to log on to the NSU library to complete the link.
Ballante, Don & Link, Albert N. (1981). Are public sector workers more risk averse than private sector workers?
Industrial and Labor Relations Review
, 34, 3, 408-412.
http://lib.nova.edu/333 (Links to an external site.)
Baumol, W. J. (1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive and destructive.
Journal of
Political Economy
, 98(5), 893-921.
http://lib.nova.edu/148 (Links to an external site.)
Boettke, P. J. &, Coyne, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurship and development: Cause or
consequence?
Advances in Austrian Economics,
6
, 67-88. Retrieved from the Mercatus
Organization web site:
http://mercatus.org/uploadedFiles/Mercatus/Publications/Cause%20or%20Consequence.pdf (Links to an external site.)
Cohen, S., Eimicke, W., & Salazar, M. P. (1999, November).
Public ethics and public
entrepreneurship
. Paper presented at the Annual Research Meeting of the Association of
Public Policy Analysis and Management, Washington, D.C. Retrieved from
ResearchGate:
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/252936584_Public_Ethics_and_Public_Entreprenuership (Links to an external site.)
Schacter, H. L. (1995). Reinventing government or reinventing ourselves: Two models for
improving government performance.
Public Administration Review
,
55
(6), 530-537.
http://lib.nova.edu/138 (Links to an external site.)
Simmons, R., Yonk, R., & Thomas, D. (2011). Bootleggers, Baptists, and political entrepreneurs:
Key players in the rational game and morality play of regulatory politics.
The
Independent Review
,
15
(3), 367–381.
http://lib.nova.edu/183 (Links to an external site.)
Due
: Essay 6 Question: Entrepreneurial governance sounded like such a good idea, didn't it? What do you make of the critique against entrepreneurial governance/public management? Do you think the critique is valid, and why/why not?
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The Creation of the Ocean FloorSCI209Running head .docx
The Creation of the Ocean Floor
SCI/209
Running head: THE CREATION OF THE OCEAN FLOOR
1
THE CREATION OF THE OCEAN FLOOR
5
The Creation of the Ocean Floor
One scientific speculation about the beginning of ocean water declares that as Earth developed from a gas and dust cloud more than 4.5 billion years ago, an enormous quantity of insubstantial elements such as oxygen and hydrogen became confined inside the liquefied inner part of the newly formed planet (Advameg, 2013). In the course of the first few billion years following planets formation, these basic gases emerged across thousands of miles of red-hot and liquefying rock to discharge on the Earth’s surface through fissures (long narrow cracks) and volcanoes.
Inside the earth and atop the exterior, the gas hydrogen joined oxygen developing water. Massive amounts of liquid blanketed the planet as an extraordinarily heavy atmosphere of water cloud. Close to the uppermost part of the atmosphere, where high temperature may possibly dissipate to outward reaches of the earth, water vapor concentrated to a liquid form and dropped into the stratum below, chilling the level. This atmospheric cool down procedure lasted till the initial precipitation dropped to the planet’s young exterior and flared into a misty haze. This came to pass as the creation of an astonishing downpour that through the course of time, progressively filled the ocean cavities.
There are three major classes of tectonic plate boundaries: divergent boundaries, covergent boundaries, and transform boundaries. The divergent boundaries outstanding features are fresh crust is produced as two or more plates tear away from one other. Oceans are generated and grow broader where plates deviate or pull apart. Seafloor expanding is a process in which the molten rock produces new ground underneath water. This progression takes millions of years to establish a 10 foot hill because growth fluctuates from two to 10 centimeters yearly. The convergent boundaries outstanding features are here crust is demolished and reprocessed back into the inside of the Earth as one plate descents under another. These are recognized as Subduction Zones - volcanoes and mountains are often discovered where plates come together. The kinds of volcanoes that can occur depend on the chemical composition of the molten rock that decides its fluidity. There are three kinds of convergent boundaries: Oceanic-Continental Convergence, Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence, and Continental-Continental Convergence (Platetectonics, 2010). The transform boundaries outstanding features are when two plates are skimming parallel by each other. These are additionally identified as transform boundaries or in addition normally called faults. The San Andreas Fault is the best known and considered the most lethal translational line.
One natural event that occurs as a direct result of plate boundary interactions is a tsunami. Plate tectonics are the secondary trigger of tsunamis. When a maj.
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The creation of a weak acid titration plot is described in chapter 10-5 of your technique book. A generic four-step procedure is given. Rewrite the four steps to be a specific prcedure to be used to titrate a sample of potassium hydrogen phthalate (MM 204.22 g/mol) using the NaOH soluiton you will prepare.
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The Dark Ages: World History Crash Course #14
1. The period between ________ and _______________ is often called the ________________________ in Europe because it came between the Roman Empire and the beginning of the modern age. And it’s sometimes called the Dark Ages because it was purportedly ________________________.
2. What is feudalism?
3. How was feudalism an economic system in addition to the political system described above?
4. Regarding Islam in the Dark Ages, the Umayyad Dynasty was overthrown in _________ and was replaced by the ______________________. They moved the capital to Baghdad and were welcoming of _________________________________ into positions of power.
5. The “golden age” of Islamic learning was centered in Baghdad. What were five accomplishments of this time-period you found to be the most interesting?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6. Meanwhile, China was experiencing a golden age of its own where it ruled over _______________________________ across four million square miles.
7. What necessitated the Chinese inventing the use of paper money?
8. By the 11th century, the Chinese were writing down their recipe for a mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal that we now know as ________________________.
Here is the link to the video ...... https://youtu.be/QV7CanyzhZg
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The Culturally Responsive Social Service Agency The Application o.docx
The Culturally Responsive Social Service Agency: The Application of an Evolving Definition to a Case Study
Julian Chun-Chung Chow PhD & Michael J. Austin PhD
To cite this article: Julian Chun-Chung Chow PhD & Michael J. Austin PhD (2008) The Culturally Responsive Social Service Agency: The Application of an Evolving Definition to a Case Study, Administration in Social Work, 32:4, 39-64, DOI: 10.1080/03643100802293832
Published online: 11 Oct 2008.
Page 39
ABSTRACT. Most of the attention in the last few decades in the human services field has been on the development of culturally competent practice with little attention to the context of this practice. This analysis and case study focuses on the organizational context of social service practitioners seeking to respond effectively to an increasingly diverse client population. Specific attention is given to the development of a working definition of a culturally responsive social service agency. This definition is used to assess a case study of a public sector county social service agency that has a substantial history in promoting culturally responsive practices. The implications for future management practices are noted in the conclusion.
Julian Chun-Chung Chow, PhD, is an Associate Professor affiliated with the School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley. Michael J. Austin, PhD, is a Professor affiliated with the School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley. The authors want to acknowledge the significant roles played by Zonia Sandoval Waldon, MSW, and Gil Villagran, MSW, in the development of a culturally responsive organization prior to their recent retirements in 2004 from the Santa Clara County Social Service Agency. We also want to acknowledge the contributions of the following graduate students: Tiffany Woo, MSW; Allison De Marco, MSW; Jill Nielson, MSW; Sarah Taylor, MSW; Sunshine Wu, MSW; Christine Lou, BA; and Ericka Leer, MSW. Address correspondence to: Michael J. Austin, School of Social Welfare, University of California, 120 Haviland Hall, MC 7400, Berkeley, CA 94720–7400 (E-mail: [email protected]).
Administration in Social Work, Vol. 32(4) 2008 Available online at http://www.haworthpress.com © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved. doi:10.1080/03643100802293832
Page 40
KEYWORDS. Social services delivery, organizations, cultural responsiveness, ethnicity
INTRODUCTION
Since the War on Poverty in the 1960s, social service organizations have been searching for ways to become responsive to the cultural diversity of their client populations. Beginning in the 1970s, concerted attention was given to helping agency staff members become more culturally aware (Green, 1999), more culturally knowledgeable (Cox & Ephross, 1998; Davis & Proctor, 1989; Harrison & Wodarski, 1992), and recently more culturally competent (Devore & Schlesinger, 1999; Fong & Furuto, 2001; Leigh, 1998; Lum, 2003). With regard to training.
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The Culture
Books
du r ing t he f ir s t se a son of her cr i t i-
cally acclaimed HBO series, Girls, Lena
Dunham’s character Hannah Horvath,
high on opium, tells her parents, “I don’t
want to freak you out, but I think that I
may be the voice of my generation—or
at least a voice of a generation.” The line
made waves as people conflated the fic-
tional character with her creator, perhaps
not wrongly. How dare a young woman
make such a bold claim? All too often our
culture tells young women their voices
don’t matter or deserve to be heard.
In her debut essay collection, Not That
Kind of Girl: A Young Woman Tells You
What She’s “Learned,” Dunham demon-
strates her 28-year-old voice’s admirable
range. While some celebrity essay col-
lections and memoirs are lackluster,
even embarrassing to read, Not That Kind
of Girl suffers few missteps. Dunham’s
cinematic flair translates to the page
with vigor and clarity—not unlike the
late Nora Ephron, to whom she is often
compared and to whom the book is
dedicated (along with Dunham’s family
and her boyfriend Jack Antonoff of the
indie-rock band fun.). Instead of tossing
pithy, pseudo-motivational observations
at the reader, Dunham has crafted warm,
intelligent writing that is both deeply
personal and engaging, clustered in five
topical sections: “Love & Sex,” “Body,”
“Friendship,” “Work” and “Big Picture.”
Each of the 29 pieces—essays mixed
with lists, like “18 Unlikely Things I’ve
Said Flirtatiously”—is confident and
assured, sidestepping self-deprecation
and instead offering intense self-
examination. Dunham’s self-awareness
can almost overwhelm with truthiness,
as in “Barry,” her glancing, tragicomic
account of being raped by a “mustachioed
campus Republican” who, among other
nonconsensual acts, removes his condom
without her permission or knowledge.
“A sexual encounter that no one can
classify properly” sounds precisely like
a voice of her generation, one struggling
to come to terms with rape culture.
(And yet, “I feel like there are fifty ways
it’s my fault . . . But I also know that at no
moment did I consent to being handled
that way” sounds like a voice of every
generation of women.)
Unlike Hannah Horvath, Dunham in
her self-awareness does not come across
as self-obsessed. When she is absurd,
she acknowledges that absurdity. “13
Things I’ve Learned Are Not Okay to
Say to Friends” is among the most drolly
enlightened of the lists, made up of osten-
sible real-life Dunham quotes like “No,
please don’t apologize. If I had your moth-
er I’d be a nightmare, too” and “There’s
nothing about you in my book.”
She reveals her vulnerabilities in
a deadpan manner, showing us how she
loves and has been loved, how she has
wronged and been wronged. But it’s not
all laughing around the hard stuff. At
the end of “Barry” comes a teary phone
call with Antonoff, in which she tells
him what happened with the hipster
rapist; here the narrative tur.
The CultureBooksduring the first season of her criti-.docx
The Culture
Books
during the first season of her criti-
cally acclaimed HBO series, Girls, Lena
Dunham’s character Hannah Horvath,
high on opium, tells her parents, “I don’t
want to freak you out, but I think that I
may be the voice of my generation—or
at least a voice of a generation.” The line
made waves as people conflated the fic-
tional character with her creator, perhaps
not wrongly. How dare a young woman
make such a bold claim? All too often our
culture tells young women their voices
don’t matter or deserve to be heard.
In her debut essay collection, Not That
Kind of Girl: A Young Woman Tells You
What She’s “Learned,” Dunham demon-
strates her 28-year-old voice’s admirable
range. While some celebrity essay col-
lections and memoirs are lackluster,
even embarrassing to read, Not That Kind
of Girl suffers few missteps. Dunham’s
cinematic flair translates to the page
with vigor and clarity—not unlike the
late Nora Ephron, to whom she is often
compared and to whom the book is
dedicated (along with Dunham’s family
and her boyfriend Jack Antonoff of the
indie-rock band fun.). Instead of tossing
pithy, pseudo-motivational observations
at the reader, Dunham has crafted warm,
intelligent writing that is both deeply
personal and engaging, clustered in five
topical sections: “Love & Sex,” “Body,”
“Friendship,” “Work” and “Big Picture.”
Each of the 29 pieces—essays mixed
with lists, like “18 Unlikely Things I’ve
Said Flirtatiously”—is confident and
assured, sidestepping self-deprecation
and instead offering intense self-
examination. Dunham’s self-awareness
can almost overwhelm with truthiness,
as in “Barry,” her glancing, tragicomic
account of being raped by a “mustachioed
campus Republican” who, among other
nonconsensual acts, removes his condom
without her permission or knowledge.
“A sexual encounter that no one can
classify properly” sounds precisely like
a voice of her generation, one struggling
to come to terms with rape culture.
(And yet, “I feel like there are fifty ways
it’s my fault . . . But I also know that at no
moment did I consent to being handled
that way” sounds like a voice of every
generation of women.)
Unlike Hannah Horvath, Dunham in
her self-awareness does not come across
as self-obsessed. When she is absurd,
she acknowledges that absurdity. “13
Things I’ve Learned Are Not Okay to
Say to Friends” is among the most drolly
enlightened of the lists, made up of osten-
sible real-life Dunham quotes like “No,
please don’t apologize. If I had your moth-
er I’d be a nightmare, too” and “There’s
nothing about you in my book.”
She reveals her vulnerabilities in
a deadpan manner, showing us how she
loves and has been loved, how she has
wronged and been wronged. But it’s not
all laughing around the hard stuff. At
the end of “Barry” comes a teary phone
call with Antonoff, in which she tells
him what happened with the hipster
rapist; here the narrative turns deeply
.
The critique of the Musical Cats must include the following informat.docx
The critique of the Musical Cats must include the following information:
1- Who was in the play meaning the actors and the characters they played?
2- What era is the play supposed to be taking place in?
3- Where does it take place?
4- How and Why did you connect emotionally and intellectually?
5- What was it about (breif plot synopsis)?
6- Were you able to relate to a part or most of the play (what part if any?
This musical was based on Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats by TS. Eliot
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The CSI effect at university forensic science students’ telev.docx
The CSI effect at university: forensic science students’ television viewing
and perceptions of ethical issues
Roslyn Weavera*, Yenna Salamonsona, Jane Kocha,b and Glenn Porterc
aUniversity of Western Sydney, Family and Community Health Research Group; bUniversity of
Technology, Sydney, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health; cUniversity of Western Sydney,
School of Science and Health
(Received 3 January 2012; final version received 3 May 2012)
Although the so-called ‘CSI effect’ has received attention in the literature for the
influence of forensic science television on jurors’ expectations of evidence
admitted into trials, less research explores the influence of such television
programs on university students enrolled in forensic science degrees. This paper
describes the quantitative and qualitative results of a study of forensic science
students regarding the forensic-related television programs they watch, such as
CSI, Bones and Dexter. We asked students to share their impressions of the
accuracy, ethics, professionalism and role models in the programs. The results
show that forensic science students are almost universally disparaging about the
realism of these programs and have mixed impressions of how the programs
portray forensic science professionalism and ethics. Most students believed that
the programs gave an unrealistic representation of the profession to the public;
yet students were also able to identify positive elements for recruitment and
education purposes.
Keywords: forensic science; CSI effect; students; television; education; Australia
Introduction
Popular media have suggested that crime science television programs such as CSI
may influence how lay jurors consider forensic evidence during criminal trials1–8.
This influence has been described as the CSI effect and named after the popular
television drama. It is suggested that jurors confuse the capacity of forensic evidence
with the fictional idealisation of forensic evidence as portrayed on the television
program2. Goodman-Delahunty and Verbrugge4 suggest that, despite the popular
media claims, there is little objective evidence to support the notion that crime scene
dramas such as CSI have a negative impact on jury verdicts. Wise5 indicated that
there are two issues relating to the ‘CSI effect’ proposition, with each affecting either
the prosecution or defence position; (i) the jurors held an inflated value of the
forensic evidence producing guilty verdicts2–5,9, or (ii) in the absence of forensic
evidence or when the evidence failed to reach the juries’ idealised expectations the
juries would acquit2–3,5. Evidence of the influence of the CSI effect, as claimed in the
popular media, has been mixed1–9.
Although the so-called CSI effect has received attention in the literature for the
influence of CSI on jurors’ expectations of forensic evidence admitted into criminal
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences
Vol. 44.
The Covid-19 pandemic caused a slow time during the Thanksgiving f.docx
The Covid-19 pandemic caused a slow time during the Thanksgiving festival last year. At the time, my aunt decided that since we would not be inviting family from all over, as it was tradition, we would make it into a neighborhood Thanksgiving. She invited their neighbors over; I bumped into one of their new neighbors on the block, Mr. Landry, in the kitchen while he conversed with my aunt. As I walked into the kitchen, he went silent with no eye contact, and as soon as I left the kitchen, he got back to the conversation. I overheard part of the conversation where Mr. Landry talked about Mrs. Boudreaux’s hospitalization while describing how she looked to be reeling in pain when he visited her. By that snippet of the conversation, I assumed that Mr. Landry was a gossip, only to find out later that he was a doctor in the hospital where Mrs. Boudreaux was. He was pleading with us to visit Mrs. Boudreaux and offer blood donations for her upcoming surgery. I was mortified, having learned this later.
According to the social psychology theory, individuals make first impressions based on traits, beliefs, and non-verbal cues from people one meets. Aronson et al. (2019) state that one’s traits from birth or parenting help us interpret social cues. Some of these traits include openness and being sociable is part of these traits show individuals to be social. Flynn (2005) agrees with this, reiterating that non-verbal behavior adds to first impressions on individuals. Therefore, Mr. Landry’s silence when I walked into the room and continually talking about someone else's condition without their consent triggered my perception that he was a gossip.
Increasing my reason for the first impression of Mr. Landry was his lack of eye contact on top of his silence when I walked into the kitchen (Flynn, 2005). As an adaptive response, Mr. Landry went silent because of his privileged status of revealing information to children that would later get conveyed in the proper channels.
Conclusively, Mr. Landry went silent and did not keep eye contact to remain confidential when I walked into the kitchen. However, my perception of this is that he was a gossip, furthering my first impression that was later in the day debunked when adequately explained.
References:
Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., Akert, R. M., & Sommers, S. R. (Eds.). (2019).
Social psychology
(10th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Flynn, F. J. (2005). Having an Open Mind: The Impact of Openness to Experience on Interracial Attitudes and Impression Formation.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(5), 816-826. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.5.816
.
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