The document discusses the ratification of the US Constitution. Some states were reluctant to ratify it because they did not want to pay taxes to support a federal government and felt it threatened their freedom. The Federalists, comprised of educated elites like business owners, supported a strong federal government because they believed it would benefit economic growth and national defense. To address opposition, the Constitution protected citizens' rights and freedoms. It also established separation of powers and checks and balances between the three branches of government to prevent any one from becoming too powerful. The judicial system helped ensure the federal government did not overstep its authority with the states.