Nurse practitioners can benefit financially by contracting with managed care organizations, but many MCOs do not view NPs as primary care providers. Only 62.5% of Medicaid MCOs contract with NPs as primary care physicians. Contracting barriers prevent NPs from utilizing their full scope of practice and addressing primary care physician shortages. As healthcare needs rise under the Affordable Care Act, overcoming these barriers could allow NPs to fill an important gap by 2020. However, state regulations still define NPs' practice authority differently.