During the Cold War era in the United States, fear of communism and communist influence led to widespread investigations and blacklisting. President Truman established the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1947 to investigate communist influence. The HUAC interrogated citizens, including Hollywood figures, about their political views and ties. Those who refused to testify or were named as communists, like the Hollywood Ten, were blacklisted from working in the film industry. Senator Joseph McCarthy further exacerbated tensions by accusing government employees and others of being communists without providing evidence, until his accusations were eventually discredited.