The Catechesis Office and Discipleship and Parish Life Office are pleased to offer A Facilitator’s Guide for The Faith We Believe: Unpacking the Creed. Please visit our website to download. We have also created this PowerPoint Presentation to accompany the Facilitator’s Guide.
We hope parish groups and others wanting to deepen their reflection on the Creed find this resource helpful.
The document discusses the Trinity doctrine from historical and biblical perspectives. It summarizes the teachings of early creeds on the Trinity and examines how Greek philosophy and traditions of men may have influenced early Christian beliefs. The document asserts that the Bible presents God as one and Jesus as His human Son, while the Holy Spirit is God's power, not a person. It warns that traditions of men have led to corruption of Christian doctrine and urges holding fast to what is revealed in Scripture.
This document discusses the Christian doctrine of the Holy Trinity from an Islamic perspective. It makes the following key points:
1. Christianity believes in one God who exists in three persons - the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. This is not a contradiction to monotheism according to the document.
2. The Quran acknowledges Christian monotheism and references the Holy Trinity in the same way Christians understand it - as God, His Word, and His Spirit.
3. The names "Father", "Son", and "Holy Spirit" do not imply physical procreation or relationships, but rather spiritual concepts about the nature and attributes of God.
This document provides an overview and introduction to the Apostles' Creed. It begins with memorization verses related to faith and God. It then discusses symbols for the Trinity and includes prayers addressed to each person. The remainder of the document covers the history of creeds, the Trinity, and an application of doctrine. It aims to teach the basics of who Christians worship as Father, Son and Holy Spirit based on Scripture. Discussion topics include Arius and quotes on doctrine from Rick Warren and Augustine. The intent is to help understand the Apostles' Creed through a topical study of the Lutheran confessions.
Articles of belief which are regarded as essential or a brief summary of Christian doctrine. The Creed can be viewed as a response to the desire to believe and to have faith to what has been revealed to us. Just like the apostles of the old, the San Antonio Abad Parish community believes in the Word who has come down to earth in the person of Our Lord, Jesus Christ.
The document provides an overview of the doctrine of the Trinity according to Christianity. It defines the Trinity as God existing as three distinct persons - the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit - yet as one God. Several Bible passages are cited that reference all three persons together. Early church leaders before the 4th century are noted as defending the Trinity. Common misunderstandings about the Trinity are addressed.
The Catechesis Office and Discipleship and Parish Life Office are pleased to offer A Facilitator’s Guide for The Faith We Believe: Unpacking the Creed. Please visit our website to download. We have also created this PowerPoint Presentation to accompany the Facilitator’s Guide.
We hope parish groups and others wanting to deepen their reflection on the Creed find this resource helpful.
The document discusses the Trinity doctrine from historical and biblical perspectives. It summarizes the teachings of early creeds on the Trinity and examines how Greek philosophy and traditions of men may have influenced early Christian beliefs. The document asserts that the Bible presents God as one and Jesus as His human Son, while the Holy Spirit is God's power, not a person. It warns that traditions of men have led to corruption of Christian doctrine and urges holding fast to what is revealed in Scripture.
This document discusses the Christian doctrine of the Holy Trinity from an Islamic perspective. It makes the following key points:
1. Christianity believes in one God who exists in three persons - the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. This is not a contradiction to monotheism according to the document.
2. The Quran acknowledges Christian monotheism and references the Holy Trinity in the same way Christians understand it - as God, His Word, and His Spirit.
3. The names "Father", "Son", and "Holy Spirit" do not imply physical procreation or relationships, but rather spiritual concepts about the nature and attributes of God.
This document provides an overview and introduction to the Apostles' Creed. It begins with memorization verses related to faith and God. It then discusses symbols for the Trinity and includes prayers addressed to each person. The remainder of the document covers the history of creeds, the Trinity, and an application of doctrine. It aims to teach the basics of who Christians worship as Father, Son and Holy Spirit based on Scripture. Discussion topics include Arius and quotes on doctrine from Rick Warren and Augustine. The intent is to help understand the Apostles' Creed through a topical study of the Lutheran confessions.
Articles of belief which are regarded as essential or a brief summary of Christian doctrine. The Creed can be viewed as a response to the desire to believe and to have faith to what has been revealed to us. Just like the apostles of the old, the San Antonio Abad Parish community believes in the Word who has come down to earth in the person of Our Lord, Jesus Christ.
The document provides an overview of the doctrine of the Trinity according to Christianity. It defines the Trinity as God existing as three distinct persons - the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit - yet as one God. Several Bible passages are cited that reference all three persons together. Early church leaders before the 4th century are noted as defending the Trinity. Common misunderstandings about the Trinity are addressed.
The document discusses the development and importance of creeds in Christianity. It provides background on the Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed, including their origins, purposes, and key beliefs. The Apostles' Creed is considered a faithful summary of the apostles' teachings and is divided into sections about God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Nicene Creed was based on ecumenical church councils and provides a more detailed profession of faith.
This document discusses the creed, or profession of faith, in Christianity. It explores the origins and meaning of words related to creed, such as "credible", "credit", and "credo". It examines the Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed, summarizing the key beliefs in each. It describes the creed as Christians' response to God's revelation and a way to publicly declare their shared beliefs.
1. The document is from the Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate and discusses various topics related to the Apostles' Creed including: the definition of faith, the Holy Trinity, God the Creator, angels and demons, and original sin.
2. It provides explanations of theological concepts such as the three theological virtues of faith, hope and love. It also discusses heresies related to concepts like the Trinity.
3. The document aims to provide a complete explanation of the 12 Articles of the Apostles' Creed through discussions of the key concepts and inclusion of relevant biblical passages.
The document discusses the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, beginning with verses from the Bible about monotheism and faith in God. It then discusses how the Trinity belief developed over time, with influences from pagan religions. The Trinity holds that God exists as three persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) but is one being. The document examines the origins and evolution of the Trinity doctrine in early Christian thinkers and ecumenical councils, noting debates between views.
The document discusses different views on the nature of God, specifically the Trinity. It explains that the Athanasian view sees God as three co-equal persons of Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Alternatively, Oneness theology sees God manifesting in three forms but being one entity or person. The document analyzes scriptures like John 14:10 to argue that God dwells fully in Christ and the Spirit proceeded from him, supporting the Oneness view of one God manifest in three distinct forms.
The Trinity refers to the Christian belief that God exists as three persons in one entity: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ), and God the Holy Spirit. It is a core concept in Christianity, as it is the basis for all Christian beliefs and is explained by Jesus himself. While the concept of the Trinity may seem contradictory, the Bible provides truth and understanding about the connections between the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
The document is a sermon on ecclesiology given by Pastor Brian Tracy L. Dominguez. It discusses the five solas of the Protestant Reformation: Sola Scriptura (Scripture alone), Solus Christus (Christ alone), Sola Gratia (grace alone), Sola Fide (faith alone), and Soli Deo Gloria (glory to God alone). It examines how each of the five solas challenged Catholic doctrines and helped define evangelical Protestant theology and practice during the Reformation.
The document is a sermon on ecclesiology given by Pastor Brian Tracy L. Dominguez. It discusses the five solas of the Protestant Reformation: Sola Scriptura (Scripture alone), Solus Christus (Christ alone), Sola Gratia (grace alone), Sola Fide (faith alone), and Soli Deo Gloria (glory to God alone). It explores what each sola means, providing biblical support. It emphasizes that the solas establish the essential beliefs and practices of evangelical Christianity and guide believers to genuine truth.
The document provides information about the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed. It discusses the origins and history of the Apostles' Creed, including the medieval belief that each apostle contributed a clause. It notes that while the apostolic authorship is debated, the creed's teachings are consistent with the Apostolic Age. The document then presents the full text of the Nicene Creed and provides a brief explanation and context for some of its clauses and statements of belief.
The document outlines the Apostles' Creed, summarizing its key beliefs. It begins by professing faith in God the Father and Jesus Christ. It describes Jesus' conception, suffering under Pontius Pilate, death, and burial. It then details his descent into hell and resurrection on the third day. The creed goes on to profess beliefs in the Holy Spirit, Holy Catholic Church, forgiveness of sins, and life everlasting. The document then examines the meaning and origins of the creed, as well as its functions and individual articles of faith.
The document discusses the Apostles' Creed, including what a creed is, why creeds are used, facts about the origins of the Apostles' Creed, and what it has to do with individuals. It explains that a creed is a statement of faith or beliefs, and was first used as a means of confession. The Apostles' Creed was not actually written by the apostles, but emerged in Rome in the 2nd century AD. It connects individuals to something larger than themselves and helps people discover and articulate what they believe.
The document discusses the biblical evidence for the Trinity - the concept that God exists as three persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) in one Godhead. It provides scriptural references showing that God is simultaneously one entity and three persons. The document examines passages that reference the deity of each person - Jesus, the Holy Spirit - as well as their unity and equality as God. The Trinity, while complex, is crucial to understanding the nature of God and the plan of salvation.
The Apostles' Creed is divided into 12 sections or articles that outline key beliefs of Christianity. The first article states belief in God the Father Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth. Subsequent articles address beliefs about Jesus Christ, his suffering and resurrection, the Holy Spirit, the Catholic Church, forgiveness of sins, resurrection of the body, and life everlasting. The Creed summarizes the fundamental tenets of Christian faith.
This document provides background information and summaries of three books by Oswald Chambers: Our Brilliant Heritage, Grow Up into Him, and As He Walked. It discusses when and where Chambers gave the lectures that formed the basis for the books, as well as their subsequent publication histories as articles and booklets. The document also includes introductory notes and summaries of the contents and themes of each book.
This document discusses whether the concept of God as a Trinity is supported by the Bible. It provides quotes from theologians acknowledging that the Trinity is not explicitly stated in Scripture. It explains that the Trinity doctrine was established in the 4th century and incorporated ideas from Greek philosophers like Plato. While the Bible presents God the Father and Jesus Christ as divine, it does not present the Holy Spirit as a divine person. Paul's greetings and Jesus' prayers provide evidence that the Holy Spirit is not viewed as a separate deity. The document questions whether beliefs not clearly founded in the Bible should be considered definitive Christian doctrines.
This presentation describes the basic elementary teachings about Christ and also the foundation Christian creeds that form the basis of Christian Doctrinal setting.
Roman Catholic doctrine, as with any other organization, political party or religion, are its beliefs, tenets, principles, or teachings. “Christian” means follower of Jesus Christ.
The document discusses creeds, specifically the Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed. It explains that creeds are statements of belief that outline the core theology found in scripture in a memorable way. The Apostles' Creed originated in the 2nd century and has remained largely unchanged. The Nicene Creed was formulated in the 4th century in response to the Arian heresy which questioned the divinity of Christ. It asserts the co-equal and co-eternal nature of God the Father and Jesus Christ through the term "homoousios", establishing Trinitarian theology. Creeds aim to protect the church from false teachings and anchor it in orthodox tradition.
RH 09 Octubre 1894 - El tiempo no ha sido reveladoZafnat Panea
This document contains three articles:
1. A poem titled "Judge Not" that encourages not judging others and focusing on one's own faults.
2. A section from Malachi 3:16 about God listening to those who fear him.
3. An article by E.G. White discussing the consequences of Adam's sin as a warning, how obedience to God and his law is important for salvation, and that people should not seek hidden truths but focus on working while they have time before probation closes.
Now, Israel, hear the decrees and laws I am about to
teach you. Follow them so that you may live and may go in
and take possession of the land the LORD, the God of
your ancestors, is giving you.
The document discusses the development and importance of creeds in Christianity. It provides background on the Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed, including their origins, purposes, and key beliefs. The Apostles' Creed is considered a faithful summary of the apostles' teachings and is divided into sections about God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Nicene Creed was based on ecumenical church councils and provides a more detailed profession of faith.
This document discusses the creed, or profession of faith, in Christianity. It explores the origins and meaning of words related to creed, such as "credible", "credit", and "credo". It examines the Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed, summarizing the key beliefs in each. It describes the creed as Christians' response to God's revelation and a way to publicly declare their shared beliefs.
1. The document is from the Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate and discusses various topics related to the Apostles' Creed including: the definition of faith, the Holy Trinity, God the Creator, angels and demons, and original sin.
2. It provides explanations of theological concepts such as the three theological virtues of faith, hope and love. It also discusses heresies related to concepts like the Trinity.
3. The document aims to provide a complete explanation of the 12 Articles of the Apostles' Creed through discussions of the key concepts and inclusion of relevant biblical passages.
The document discusses the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, beginning with verses from the Bible about monotheism and faith in God. It then discusses how the Trinity belief developed over time, with influences from pagan religions. The Trinity holds that God exists as three persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) but is one being. The document examines the origins and evolution of the Trinity doctrine in early Christian thinkers and ecumenical councils, noting debates between views.
The document discusses different views on the nature of God, specifically the Trinity. It explains that the Athanasian view sees God as three co-equal persons of Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Alternatively, Oneness theology sees God manifesting in three forms but being one entity or person. The document analyzes scriptures like John 14:10 to argue that God dwells fully in Christ and the Spirit proceeded from him, supporting the Oneness view of one God manifest in three distinct forms.
The Trinity refers to the Christian belief that God exists as three persons in one entity: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ), and God the Holy Spirit. It is a core concept in Christianity, as it is the basis for all Christian beliefs and is explained by Jesus himself. While the concept of the Trinity may seem contradictory, the Bible provides truth and understanding about the connections between the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
The document is a sermon on ecclesiology given by Pastor Brian Tracy L. Dominguez. It discusses the five solas of the Protestant Reformation: Sola Scriptura (Scripture alone), Solus Christus (Christ alone), Sola Gratia (grace alone), Sola Fide (faith alone), and Soli Deo Gloria (glory to God alone). It examines how each of the five solas challenged Catholic doctrines and helped define evangelical Protestant theology and practice during the Reformation.
The document is a sermon on ecclesiology given by Pastor Brian Tracy L. Dominguez. It discusses the five solas of the Protestant Reformation: Sola Scriptura (Scripture alone), Solus Christus (Christ alone), Sola Gratia (grace alone), Sola Fide (faith alone), and Soli Deo Gloria (glory to God alone). It explores what each sola means, providing biblical support. It emphasizes that the solas establish the essential beliefs and practices of evangelical Christianity and guide believers to genuine truth.
The document provides information about the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed. It discusses the origins and history of the Apostles' Creed, including the medieval belief that each apostle contributed a clause. It notes that while the apostolic authorship is debated, the creed's teachings are consistent with the Apostolic Age. The document then presents the full text of the Nicene Creed and provides a brief explanation and context for some of its clauses and statements of belief.
The document outlines the Apostles' Creed, summarizing its key beliefs. It begins by professing faith in God the Father and Jesus Christ. It describes Jesus' conception, suffering under Pontius Pilate, death, and burial. It then details his descent into hell and resurrection on the third day. The creed goes on to profess beliefs in the Holy Spirit, Holy Catholic Church, forgiveness of sins, and life everlasting. The document then examines the meaning and origins of the creed, as well as its functions and individual articles of faith.
The document discusses the Apostles' Creed, including what a creed is, why creeds are used, facts about the origins of the Apostles' Creed, and what it has to do with individuals. It explains that a creed is a statement of faith or beliefs, and was first used as a means of confession. The Apostles' Creed was not actually written by the apostles, but emerged in Rome in the 2nd century AD. It connects individuals to something larger than themselves and helps people discover and articulate what they believe.
The document discusses the biblical evidence for the Trinity - the concept that God exists as three persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) in one Godhead. It provides scriptural references showing that God is simultaneously one entity and three persons. The document examines passages that reference the deity of each person - Jesus, the Holy Spirit - as well as their unity and equality as God. The Trinity, while complex, is crucial to understanding the nature of God and the plan of salvation.
The Apostles' Creed is divided into 12 sections or articles that outline key beliefs of Christianity. The first article states belief in God the Father Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth. Subsequent articles address beliefs about Jesus Christ, his suffering and resurrection, the Holy Spirit, the Catholic Church, forgiveness of sins, resurrection of the body, and life everlasting. The Creed summarizes the fundamental tenets of Christian faith.
This document provides background information and summaries of three books by Oswald Chambers: Our Brilliant Heritage, Grow Up into Him, and As He Walked. It discusses when and where Chambers gave the lectures that formed the basis for the books, as well as their subsequent publication histories as articles and booklets. The document also includes introductory notes and summaries of the contents and themes of each book.
This document discusses whether the concept of God as a Trinity is supported by the Bible. It provides quotes from theologians acknowledging that the Trinity is not explicitly stated in Scripture. It explains that the Trinity doctrine was established in the 4th century and incorporated ideas from Greek philosophers like Plato. While the Bible presents God the Father and Jesus Christ as divine, it does not present the Holy Spirit as a divine person. Paul's greetings and Jesus' prayers provide evidence that the Holy Spirit is not viewed as a separate deity. The document questions whether beliefs not clearly founded in the Bible should be considered definitive Christian doctrines.
This presentation describes the basic elementary teachings about Christ and also the foundation Christian creeds that form the basis of Christian Doctrinal setting.
Roman Catholic doctrine, as with any other organization, political party or religion, are its beliefs, tenets, principles, or teachings. “Christian” means follower of Jesus Christ.
The document discusses creeds, specifically the Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed. It explains that creeds are statements of belief that outline the core theology found in scripture in a memorable way. The Apostles' Creed originated in the 2nd century and has remained largely unchanged. The Nicene Creed was formulated in the 4th century in response to the Arian heresy which questioned the divinity of Christ. It asserts the co-equal and co-eternal nature of God the Father and Jesus Christ through the term "homoousios", establishing Trinitarian theology. Creeds aim to protect the church from false teachings and anchor it in orthodox tradition.
RH 09 Octubre 1894 - El tiempo no ha sido reveladoZafnat Panea
This document contains three articles:
1. A poem titled "Judge Not" that encourages not judging others and focusing on one's own faults.
2. A section from Malachi 3:16 about God listening to those who fear him.
3. An article by E.G. White discussing the consequences of Adam's sin as a warning, how obedience to God and his law is important for salvation, and that people should not seek hidden truths but focus on working while they have time before probation closes.
Now, Israel, hear the decrees and laws I am about to
teach you. Follow them so that you may live and may go in
and take possession of the land the LORD, the God of
your ancestors, is giving you.
The document discusses several biblical passages about righteousness and faith. It argues that having zeal without proper knowledge can be dangerous and cause people to act in harmful ways. It also asserts that people should not try to establish their own righteousness but should submit to God's righteousness as revealed through Jesus Christ. When people rely on their own strength and wisdom instead of God, they often end up fighting against God's plans and purposes.
1. The document discusses different types of laws including natural law, divine law, church law, and civil law. It explains that just laws must be reasonable, properly promulgated, decreed by legitimate authority, and for the common good.
2. Christ's law of love fulfills divine law by calling people to love God and their neighbor. Church teaching holds that human beings discern a law in their conscience that calls them to do good.
3. Moral laws are based on basic human values and express the standard for judging right and wrong. True freedom involves obedience to moral and divine law through conscience.
Kleptomaniac: Who's Really Robbing God Anyway Tithing StudyDr. Frank Chase Jr
This book started out as a 117-page power point study. The research for this book became a historical and biblical analysis of modern so-called monetary tithe verses the authentic and approved biblical agricultural and livestock tithe. Journey through the power point presentation and then read more exhaustive 400 page book analysis of tithing system and how it got commuted to cold hard cash. The truth is shocking and will inform you of the truth that was hidden in plain sight. Check out the Tithe No More blog at http://tithenomore.com
This document summarizes some key concepts in Islam from the book "Fundamentals of Islam, Part II" by Maulana Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi. It discusses the concepts of kufr (disbelief) versus Islam (submission to God), and identifies three main reasons that lead people to disobey God: following one's desires, blindly following social/cultural traditions, and obeying other human beings instead of God. True religion, according to the Quran, is complete and exclusive obedience and submission to God alone.
This document is an introduction to a book about the laws of prosperity as taught by Kenneth Copeland. It provides background on Copeland's journey to understanding these laws from God's word. It describes Copeland's early struggles financially and how applying God's principles of faith and obedience to scripture helped turn their situation around. The introduction sets up the rest of the book to explain the laws of prosperity as facts based on the Bible, not just theories, and invites the reader to test these principles for themselves from God's word.
This document argues that God's law provides the foundation for a moral, just, and prosperous society. It asserts that many Christians have rejected God's law and biblical principles of governance. As a result, societies are experiencing increasing corruption, crime, and chaos. The document claims the only solution is for individuals, churches, and nations to renew their commitment to fearing God and obeying his commands as revealed in the Bible.
The document provides an overview of Catholic teachings on morality and the moral life. It discusses that morality begins with acknowledging God and others, living according to the new law of love given by Jesus and the Holy Spirit. It explores concepts like conscience, virtues, passions, and the goal of holiness and beatitude. An example is given about a woman shopping for her children to illustrate how to make proper moral judgments by considering the object, intention, circumstances, virtues and vices in a situation.
God wants believers to keep His commandments perfectly, but our sinful nature makes this impossible. The law serves to condemn all people, control sin, and reveal our sinfulness. It also guides Christians in righteous living. However, no one can be saved by obeying the law, as it reveals our inability to fulfill it. We are saved solely by God's grace through faith in Christ, who fulfilled the law on our behalf. The law points to our need for the gospel's forgiveness and empowerment to live according to God's will.
1) The law, including the Law of Moses, only has power over people while they are alive and can no longer punish or bind those who have died.
2) Under the law, a woman was bound to her husband while he was alive, but if he died she was free to remarry without being considered an adulteress.
3) Before Christ, people were bound to the law of sin and death, but through Christ's sacrifice we are now set free from that law and bound to Christ as his bride.
1) Stewardship refers to the careful and responsible management of something that has been entrusted to one's care, such as property or an organization.
2) The document discusses different areas of stewardship including the church, family, our bodies, our neighbors, and property in general.
3) Effective stewardship involves using the talents and resources God has given us to serve and care for others.
This document laments that America has become a nation without God. It argues that by rejecting God and his commandments, embracing sin and unrighteousness, and prioritizing freedom over morality, America has turned away from its foundations and blessings. Unless the nation repents and returns to obeying God's laws and statutes, it will not endure and faces his judgment. The document calls for Americans to fear God over man and uphold righteousness rather than condone evil.
The document argues that God's law provides the foundation for a moral, just, and prosperous society while its rejection leads to chaos. It asserts that Christians have failed to renew their minds according to biblical principles and instead have been influenced by secular humanism promoted by media and education. Returning to biblical teachings on fearing God and obeying his commandments for individuals and society is presented as the solution to social and political problems.
This is a study of Jesus urging us to reconcile. Do not wait until you are before the judge, but be reconciled with your adversary before you get there. Make peace with him and not war, for in the end you will lose.
The document provides an explanation and summary of the Lord's Prayer in 7 sentences or less for each part of the prayer. It begins with an introduction on the importance of prayer and why we should pray. It then proceeds to summarize each line of the Lord's Prayer, explaining the meaning and what is being requested. For example, it states that the first petition "Hallowed be Thy name" means we pray God's name is holy among us through His word being taught and lived rightly. The summary concludes by briefly discussing the doxology and closing "Amen."
This document contains a prayer thanking God for blessings like the opportunity to study, good teachers and parents, and caring classmates. It asks God to bless the country and its leaders, and to help the students be attentive, patient and diligent in their lessons. The prayer expresses gratitude to God for these things and asks for his continued blessings through Christ our Lord.
Week 33 - Lectures on Faith - Lecture Third.pptxGlenMartineau
The document discusses the necessary attributes of God that people must understand in order to exercise faith in Him. It outlines three things needed: 1) The idea that God exists, 2) A correct understanding of His character/perfections, 3) Knowledge that following His will leads to salvation. It then examines what revelations teach about God's character, including that He is eternal, merciful, gracious, consistent, and loves all people equally. Understanding God's excellent attributes strengthens faith by removing doubts about salvation due to human weakness and liability to sin.
Portal / BI 2008 Presentation by Ted TschoppTed Tschopp
This document summarizes how Southern California Edison used a service oriented architecture approach to integrate legacy web applications into its SAP NetWeaver portal. It discusses the problems with existing legacy applications and integration approaches. It then describes how SCE transformed legacy applications into web services, integrated those services into the portal using XML and XSLT, and demonstrated the new application architecture. The document emphasizes that most websites can be converted to web services quickly and that this approach solves user problems without needing "sexy" IT solutions.
Usability behaviors: Usability and the SDLCTed Tschopp
A rather long overview of Usability. Mainly taken from elsewhere on the internet. Can be used to see how well you are doing with usability as a behavior your company involves itself in.
The document discusses usability and user experience (UX) in several contexts:
1. It defines usability according to ISO usability standard 9241 as how effectively, efficiently, and satisfactorily users can achieve goals within a specified context.
2. It lists 47 common usability activities including heuristic evaluation, personas, usability testing, and more.
3. It describes how to measure usability through effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction metrics like tasks completed, time on task, errors, and user ratings.
4. It notes that usability is complex and interdisciplinary, drawing on fields like information architecture, interaction design, industrial design, and more.
5. It suggests that
The document provides guidance on how to blog effectively in 4 key steps:
1) Create a topic by keeping a journal of ideas and combining notes into blog topics. Consider turning topics into a series.
2) Draft the blog beginning with an opening line, main points, and call to action. Revise by adding depth, links, and editing.
3) Finalize the draft with good writing that is useful, scannable, and uses a plain style and style guide. Consider the audience.
4) Post the blog and continue engaging by responding to feedback, updating posts, and promoting conversation.
A long presentation that gives a primer on how Gamification can be used to build collaboration in a corporate community. I am rather proud of the information I collected and synthesized in this presentation, but I was never able to convince enough people its value.
This document provides an overview of different Christian denominations' views on the Eucharist, also known as Communion or the Lord's Supper. It discusses the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Calvinist, Anglican, Baptist, Methodist, and Lutheran perspectives on elements such as the real presence of Christ's body and blood, transubstantiation, and the purpose of the ritual. The Lutheran view is explained in more depth, drawing on Martin Luther's Large Catechism. It emphasizes that Christ's true body and blood are really present "in, with and under" the bread and wine, and that one receives spiritual benefits through faith.
This document provides an agenda and discussion topics for a catechism class. The agenda includes introductions, objectives, prayers, and discussions on various theological topics like the two kingdoms, civil government, and Christian duties. Tables of duties are also provided that outline biblical teachings on roles like pastors, congregants, husbands, wives, children, employees and employers. Questions for Christian instruction are also listed that cover basic doctrines of sin, salvation through Christ, and the Trinity.
This document provides an overview and analysis of the Lord's Prayer. It breaks down the prayer into its main components, including the invocation, seven petitions, doxology, and closing. The document aims to teach about how God has asked us to communicate with Him through prayer, and examines what the Lord's Prayer reveals about how we should pray.
This document contains a prayer for confession of sins and receiving forgiveness from God. It includes several forms or templates to guide self-examination of one's life, considering sins in areas like thoughts, words, deeds, relationships, and duties. The goal is to thoughtfully review one's life, acknowledge sins, and pray for cleansing and renewal through God's mercy.
The document discusses various Christian creeds and hymns of praise. It mentions the Apostles' Creed and its articles of faith. It also references the Athanasian Creed and lists parts of the hymn "Te Deum Laudamus". The majority of the document consists of the lyrics to the hymn praising God, Jesus Christ, and asking for protection from sin.
This document provides an overview and breakdown of the 10 Commandments. It begins with introducing information from a previous talk and providing a source to access it. The document then discusses what defines a law and different types of covenants before examining the three uses of the law. It concludes by listing and likely explaining each of the 10 Commandments individually.
This document provides an agenda and objectives for a series of catechism classes. It includes introductions, prayers, bible verses, discussions of confession and the office of the keys. The document outlines the schedule and objectives for upcoming classes which will cover topics like the sacraments of communion and baptism, as well as the Christian life. Sample questions for catechism are provided. The overall purpose is to give participants a greater understanding of Lutheran Christian doctrine and theology.
2 Peter 3: Because some scriptures are hard to understand and some will force them to say things God never intended, Peter warns us to take care.
https://youtu.be/nV4kGHFsEHw
The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - MessageCole Hartman
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
The forces involved in this witchcraft spell will re-establish the loving bond between you and help to build a strong, loving relationship from which to start anew. Despite any previous hardships or problems, the spell work will re-establish the strong bonds of friendship and love upon which the marriage and relationship originated. Have faith, these stop divorce and stop separation spells are extremely powerful and will reconnect you and your partner in a strong and harmonious relationship.
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A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...franktsao4
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
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A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...OH TEIK BIN
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/presentations
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/documents
3. Who are we? Turn to someone you don’t know and tell them Your Name Ask them their name and one of the following questions: What is the greatest thing you accomplished in the last year What is the biggest thing you are looking forward to in the next year What city were you born in What does your first and last name mean? Where did you get your education and what did you focus on or what was your favorite subject What is your favorite time of year and why
5. Objective: For The Course To gain a greater understanding of the Creator of the Universe To Gain a greater understanding of the Lutheran understanding of the Christian Faith
7. Prayer Prior to Studying the Bible Almighty God, heavenly Father, you give all the gifts of life and living, and you bid us to love you with our heart, soul, mind, and strength. During this time of study and learning and writing, grant to us the protection of your Holy Spirit, that we become neither weary nor proud, and that in all things we might, with our words, bring honor and glory to your Word, Jesus Christ your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever.Amen.
9. Objective: Week Two To gain a greater understanding on what God Demands of us To gain a greater understanding of what God as Done for us To gain a greater understanding of the Ten commandments To gain a greater understanding of Laws
10. What Makes a Law a Law? True. By definition, there have never been repeatable contradicting observations. Universal. They appear to apply everywhere in the universe. Simple. They are typically expressed in terms of a single mathematical equation. Absolute. Nothing in the universe appears to affect them. Stable. Unchanged since first discovered (although they may have been shown to be approximations of more accurate laws) Omnipotent. Everything in the universe apparently must comply with them (according to observations).
13. The Code of Lipit-Ishtar(circa 1868 B.C.) If a man entered the orchard of another man and was seized there for stealing, he shall pay ten shekels of silver. If a man cut down a tree in the garden of another man, he shall pay one-half mina of silver. If a man married his wife and she bore him children and those children are living, and a slave also bore children for her master but the father granted freedom to the slave and her children, the children of the slave shall not divide the estate with the children of their former master. If a man's wife has not borne him children but a harlot from the public square has borne him children, he shall provide grain, oil and clothing for that harlot. The children which the harlot has borne him shall be his heirs, and as long as his wife lives the harlot shall not live in the house with the wife. If adjacent to the house of a man the bare ground of another man has been neglected and the owner of the house has said to the owner of the bare ground, "Because your ground has been neglected someone may break into my house: strengthen your house," and this agreement has been confirmed by him, the owner of the bare ground shall restore to the owner of the house any of his property that is lost. If a man rented an ox and damaged its eye, he shall pay one-half its price. If a man rented an ox and injured the flesh at the nose ring, he shall pay one-third of its price. If a man rented an ox and broke its horn, he shall pay one-fourth its price. If a man rented an ox and damaged its tail, he shall pay one-fouth its price.
14. If a son strike his father, his hands shall be hewn off. If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death. If any one bring an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death. The Code of Hammurabi
15. The Bible & the Law The Bible refers to laws established by covenants between God and his creation Adamic Covenant Noahic covenant Abrahamic covenant Mosaic covenant Davidic covenant
16. Types of Biblical Covenants Parity Covenant -Both parties are equal and bound under the covenant Covenant Between David & Jonathan Suzerainty Covenant - One party is more powerful than the other and demands things of the weaker Mosaic Covenant Promissory / Patron Covenant - The more powerful party gives something to the lesser Abrahamic Covenant
17. Content of a Covenant Preamble: identifying the Lordship of the Great King & stressing his greatness, dominance & immanence HistoricalPrologue: recounting the Great King's previous relationship to his vassal (with special emphasis on the benefits or blessing of that relationship). Ethical Stipulations: enumerating the vassal's obligations to the Great King (his guide to maintaining the relationship) Sanctions: a list of the blessings for obedience and the curses that will fall on the vassal if he breaks the covenant. Succession: Arrangements and provisions for the continuity of the covenant relationship over future generations.
18.
19. Where Is this Moral Law? For when Gentiles, who do not have the law, by nature do what the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have the law. They show that the work of the law is written on their hearts, while their conscience also bears witness, and their conflicting thoughts accuse or even excuse them on that day when, according to my gospel, God judges the secrets of men by Christ Jesus.
20. Three Uses of the Law The law has been given to men for three reasons: (1) to maintain external discipline against unruly and disobedient men, (2) to lead men to a knowledge of their sin, (3) after they are reborn to give them a definite rule according to which they should pattern and regulate their entire life. The question is whether or not the law is to be urged upon reborn Christians.
21. Preaching the Law to the Believer The preaching of the Law is to be urged with diligence, not only upon the unbelieving and impenitent, but also upon true believers, who are truly converted, regenerate, and justified by faith. Believers are regenerate and renewed in the spirit of their mind, however this regeneration and renewal is not complete, but only begun. (Sanctification) In order that they may not from human devotion institute wanton and self-elected cults The old Adam also may not employ his own will, but may be subdued against his will, not only by the admonition and threatening of the Law, but also by punishments and blows, so that he may follow and surrender himself captive to the Spirit
22. The Law & the Fruits of the Spirit The distinction between the works of the Law and the fruits of the Spirit The works which are done according to the Law are called works of the Law as long as they are only extorted from man by urging the punishment and threatening of God's wrath. Fruits of the Spirit are the works which the Holy Spirit who dwells in believers works through them
23. The Law & the Believer Thus the Law is the immutable will of God for both the regenerate and unregenerate man; The man who is not yet regenerate complies with the Law out of constraint and unwillingness The believer, so far as he is regenerate, does without constraint and with a willing spirit that which no threatening, however severe, of the Law could ever extort from him.
24. 1 God:The 1st Commandment Thou shalt have no other gods. We should fear, love, and trust in God above all things.
25. 1 How do we break this commandment? What do you rely on to solve problems? Money Possessions Skill Prudence Power Favor Friendships Honor Do any of these things make you feel more: Presumptuous Secure Proud Are you despondent when they are: Withdrawn Destroyed Harmed
26. 1 What does it mean to have a “God”? See to it that you let Me alone be your God, and never seek another," Whatever you lack of good things, expect it of Me, and look to Me for it, and whenever you suffer misfortune and distress, creep and cling to Me. I, yes, I, will give you enough and help you out of every need; only let not your heart cleave to or rest in any other.” – Martin Luther “
27. 2 God’s Name: The 2nd Commandment Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord, thy God, in vain. We should fear and love God that we may not curse, swear, use witchcraft, lie, or deceive by His name, but call upon it in every trouble, pray, praise, and give thanks.
28. 2 How do we misuse God’s Name? Overtly False Oaths In Business In Court In the Market In Matters Concerning Money Possessions Honor In Marriage False Teaching Covertly When we associate ourselves with any of the activities that are listed in the second table and ruin God’s Name by our association with it as believers.
29. “ 2 How are we to swear and take oaths? For it is a truly good work, by which God is praised, truth and right are established, falsehood is refuted, peace is made among men, obedience is rendered, and quarrels are settled.” – Martin Luther
30. 3 God’s Due:The 3rd Commandment Thou shalt sanctify the holy-day. We should fear and love God that we may not despise preaching and His Word, but hold it sacred, and gladly hear and learn it.
31. 3 Why do we Sanctify Holy-days? We keep holy days We have bodily needs for Rest Relaxation Refreshment We have needs to worship God Hear Gods Word Apply God’s Word Praise God Sing Praise
32. 3 Why do we Sanctify Holy-days? For the day needs no sanctification for itself; for in itself it has been created holy from the beginning of the creation it was sanctified by its Creator. But God desires it to be holy to you. Therefore it becomes holy or unholy on your account, according as you are occupied on the same with things that are holy or unholy.” – Martin Luther “
33. God’s Representatives: The 4th Commandment 4 Thou shalt honor thy father and thy mother [that it may be well with thee and thou mayest live long upon the earth]. We should fear and love God that we may not despise nor anger our parents and masters, but give them honor, serve, obey, and hold them in love and esteem.
34. 4 The Estate of Fatherhood & Motherhood Honor & Love We are commanded to love How is love more than honor? The estate places them at God’s Side Honor includes Humility Modesty Deference Honor means we Address them kindly Reverence them Show them esteem Whom to Honor The people our parents delegate or confers this authority to School teachers Friends Family Neighbors People whom are our masters Boss Church Elders Governments Police
35. 4 The Estate of Fatherhood & Motherhood The same also is to be said of obedience to civil government, which (as we have said) is all embraced in the estate of fatherhood and extends farthest of all relations. For here the father is not one of a single family, but of as many people as he has tenants, citizens, or subjects. For through them, as through our parents, God gives to us food, house and home, protection and security. Therefore, since they bear such name and title with all honor as their highest dignity, it is our duty to honor them and to esteem them great as the dearest treasure and the most precious jewel upon earth.” – Martin Luther “
36. 5 God’s Image bearer:The 5th Commandment Thou shalt not kill. We should fear and love God that we may not hurt nor harm our neighbor in his body, but help and befriend him in every bodily need
37. 5 Help & Befriend Him How can we break this commandment? When we ignore our neighbor When we don’t prevent evil from happing to our neighbor When we don’t defend our neighbor When we allow bodily hurt or harm to occur to our neighbor When we withhold our love from our neighbor
38. 5 Hurt nor Harm our Neighbor Now this commandment is easy enough, and has been often treated, because we hear it annually in the Gospel of St. Matthew, where Christ Himself explains and sums it up, namely, that we must not kill, neither with hand, heart, mouth, signs, gestures, help, nor counsel. Therefore it is here forbidden to every one to be angry, except those who are in the place of God, that is, parents and the government. For it is proper for God and for every one who is in a divine estate to be angry, to reprove and punish, namely, on account of those very persons who transgress this and the other commandments.” – Martin Luther “
39. 6 Spouses:The 6th Commandment Thou shalt not commit adultery. We should fear and love God that we may lead a chaste and decent life in words and deeds, and each love and honor his spouse.
40. 6 What is prohibited & commanded? What is Prohibited Vice Lewdness Unchastely Fornication The act To cause To incite Provide the means To help To persuade What is Commanded Make resistance Afford protection Rescue wherever there is danger and need Give help Provide Godly Council
41. 6 What is the purpose of this commandment? Thus, to state it in the briefest manner, there is required this much, that every one both live chastely himself and help his neighbor do the same, so that God by this commandment wishes to hedge round about and shield every spouse that no one trespass against them.” – Martin Luther “
42. 7 Possessions: The 7th Commandment Thou shalt not steal. We should fear and love God that we may not take our neighbor's money or property, nor get them by false ware or dealing, but help him to improve and protect his property and business [that his means are preserved and his condition is improved].
43. 7 What is forbidden by this commandment? When you don’t work worth your wage When you don’t prevent damage to your employer or his goods When you neglect his goods Indolence Idleness Malice When you do things your way When you over charge people When you are lazy When you are unfaithful on your job
44. “ 7 What is forbidden by this commandment? Furthermore, in the market and in common trade likewise, this practice is in full swing and force to the greatest extent, where one openly defrauds another with bad merchandise, false measures, weights, coins, and by nimbleness and queer finances or dexterous tricks takes advantage of him; likewise, when one overcharges a person in a trade and wantonly drives a hard bargain, skins and distresses him. And who can recount or think of all these things? To sum up, this is the commonest craft and the largest guild on earth, and if we regard the world throughout all conditions of life, it is nothing else than a vast, wide stall, full of great thieves. Therefore they are also called swivel-chair robbers, land- and highway-robbers, not pick-locks and sneak-thieves who snatch away the ready cash, but who sit on the chair at home and are styled great noblemen, and honorable, pious citizens, and yet rob and steal under a good pretext.” – Martin Luther
45. 8 Honor & Good Reputation: The 8th Commandment Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor. We should fear and love God that we may not deceitfully belie, betray, slander, or defame our neighbor, but defend him, [think and] speak well of him, and put the best construction on everything.
46. 8 Rights and the Tongue Secure Your Neighbors Rights* Don’t allow them to be hindered & twisted Deal truly & uprightly Allow right to remain right Don’t allow right to be turned into a wrong Don’t allow rights to be glossed over Don’t remain silent Don’t show favoritism False Use of the Tongue Lying Slander Gossip Speaking Evil False Witnessing False Judging False Preaching *Note: The above also applies to the Church and Christian Doctrine
47. 8 God wishes the reputation, good name, and upright character of our neighbor to be taken away or diminished as little as his money and possessions, that every one may stand in his integrity before wife, children, servants, and neighbors.” – Martin Luther “
48. 9 The 9thCommandment Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house. We should fear and love God that we may not craftily seek to get our neighbor's inheritance or house, and obtain it by a show of [justice and] right, etc., but help and be of service to him in keeping it.
49. 10 The 10th Commandment Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his cattle, nor anything that is his. We should fear and love God that we may not estrange, force, or entice away our neighbor's wife, servants, or cattle, but urge them to stay and [diligently] do their duty.
50. 9&10 What is Prohibited We are not to… Think Purpose Plan Alienate …anything that is our neighbors We are not to even if It seems right We can do it with honor No one would accuse us No one would blame us
51. “ 9&10 And yet we who pretend to be godly, know how to adorn ourselves most finely and conceal our rascality, resort to and invent adroit devices and deceitful artifices (such as now are daily most ingeniously contrived) as though they were derived from the law codes; yea, we even dare impertinently to refer to it, and boast of it, and will not have it called rascality, but shrewdness and caution. In this lawyers and jurists assist, who twist and stretch the law to suit it to their cause, stress words and use them for a subterfuge, irrespective of equity or their neighbor's necessity. And, in short, whoever is the most expert and cunning in these affairs finds most help in law, as they themselves say: Vigilantibusiurasubveniunt. [The laws favor the watchful] ” – Martin Luther
52. What does God remind us about? I the Lord, thy God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate Me, and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love Me and keep My commandments. God threatens to punish all that transgress these commandments. Therefore we should dread His wrath and not act contrary to these commandments. But He promises grace and every blessing to all that keep these commandments. Therefore we should also love and trust in Him, and gladly do [zealously and diligently order our whole life] according to His commandments.
He who has money and possessions feels secure, and is joyful and undismayed as though he were sitting in the midst of Paradise. On the other hand, he who has none doubts and is despondent, as though he knew of no God. For very few are to be found who are of good cheer, and who neither mourn nor complain if they have not Mammon. This care and desire for money sticks and clings to our nature, even to the grave. So, too, whoever trusts and boasts that he possesses great skill, prudence, power, favor, friendship, and honor has also a god, but not this true and only God. This appears again when you notice how presumptuous, secure, and proud people are because of such possessions, and how despondent when they no longer exist or are withdrawn.
See to it that you let Me alone be your God, and never seek another," i.e.: Whatever you lack of good things, expect it of Me, and look to Me for it, and whenever you suffer misfortune and distress, creep and cling to Me. I, yes, I, will give you enough and help you out of every need; only let not your heart cleave to or rest in any other.
Yet, to tell it in a few words, all misuse of the divine name occurs, first, in worldly business and in matters which concern money, possessions, honor, whether it be publicly in court, in the market, or wherever else men make false oaths in God's name, or pledge their souls in any matter. And this is especially prevalent in marriage affairs, where two go and secretly betroth themselves to one another, and afterward abjure [their plighted troth]. But, the greatest abuse occurs in spiritual matters, which pertain to the conscience, when false preachers rise up and offer their lying vanities as God's Word.
We are not to swear in support of evil, that is, of falsehood, and where there is no need or use; but for the support of good and the advantage of our neighbor we should swear. For it is a truly good work, by which God is praised, truth and right are established, falsehood is refuted, peace is made among men, obedience is rendered, and quarrels are settled. For in this way God Himself interposes and separates between right and wrong, good and evil.
We keep holy days not for the sake of intelligent and learned Christians (for they have no need of it [holy days]), but first of all for bodily causes and necessities, which nature teaches and requires; for the common people, man-servants and maid-servants, who have been attending to their work and trade the whole week, that for a day they may retire in order to rest and be refreshed. Secondly, and most especially, that on such day of rest (since we can get no other opportunity) freedom and time be taken to attend divine service, so that we come together to hear and treat of God's Word, and then to praise God, to sing and pray.
To this God has given the special distinction above all estates that are beneath it that He not simply commands us to love our parents, but to honor them. For with respect to brothers, sisters, and our neighbors in general He commands nothing higher than that we love them, so that He separates and distinguishes father and mother above all other persons upon earth, and places them at His side. For it is a far higher thing to honor than to love one, inasmuch as it comprehends not only love, but also modesty, humility, and deference as to a majesty there hidden, and requires not only that they be addressed kindly and with reverence, but, most of all, that both in heart and with the body we so act as to show that we esteem them very highly, and that, next to God, we regard them as the very highest. For one whom we are to honor from the heart we must truly regard as high and great.
Secondly, under this commandment not only he is guilty who does evil to his neighbor, but he also who can do him good, prevent, resist evil, defend and save him, so that no bodily harm or hurt happen to him, and yet does not do it. If, therefore, you send away one that is naked when you could clothe him, you have caused him to freeze to death; if you see one suffer hunger and do not give him food, you have caused him to starve. So also, if you see any one innocently sentenced to death or in like distress, and do not save him, although you know ways and means to do so, you have killed him. And it will not avail you to make the pretext that you did not afford any help, counsel, or aid thereto, for you have withheld your love from him and deprived him of the benefit whereby his life would have been saved.
But because among us there is such a shameful mess and the very dregs of all vice and lewdness, this commandment is directed also against all manner of unchastity, whatever it may be called; and not only is the external act forbidden, but also every kind of cause, incitement, and means, so that the heart, the lips, and the whole body may be chaste and afford no opportunity, help, or persuasion to inchastity.And not only this, but that we also make resistance, afford protection and rescue wherever there is danger and need; and again, that we give help and counsel, so as to maintain our neighbor's honor. For whenever you omit this when you could make resistance, or connive at it as if it did not concern you, you are as truly guilty as the one perpetrating the deed.
But because among us there is such a shameful mess and the very dregs of all vice and lewdness, this commandment is directed also against all manner of unchastity, whatever it may be called; and not only is the external act forbidden, but also every kind of cause, incitement, and means, so that the heart, the lips, and the whole body may be chaste and afford no opportunity, help, or persuasion to inchastity.And not only this, but that we also make resistance, afford protection and rescue wherever there is danger and need; and again, that we give help and counsel, so as to maintain our neighbor's honor. For whenever you omit this when you could make resistance, or connive at it as if it did not concern you, you are as truly guilty as the one perpetrating the deed.
When a manservant or maid-servant does not serve faithfully in the house, and does damage, or allows it to be done when it could be prevented, or otherwise ruins and neglects the goods entrusted to him, from indolence, idleness, or malice, to the spite and vexation of master and mistress, and in whatever way this can be done purposely (for I do not speak of what happens from oversight and against one's will), you can in a year abscond thirty, forty florins, which if another had taken secretly or carried away, he would be hanged with the rope. But here you [while conscious of such a great theft] may even bid defiance and become insolent, and no one dare call you a thief. The same I say also of mechanics, workmen, and day-laborers, who all follow their wanton notions, and never know enough ways to overcharge people, while they are lazy and unfaithful in their work. All these are far worse than sneak-thieves, against whom we can guard with locks and bolts, or who, if apprehended, are treated in such a manner that they will not do the same again. But against these no one can guard, no one dare even look awry at them or accuse them of theft, so that one would ten times rather lose from his purse. For here are my neighbors, good friends, my own servants, from whom I expect good [every faithful and diligent service], who defraud me first of all.
Therefore this commandment is given first of all that every one shall help his neighbor to secure his rights, and not allow them to be hindered or twisted, but shall promote and strictly maintain them, no matter whether he be judge or witness, and let it pertain to whatsoever it will. And especially is a goal set up here for our jurists that they be careful to deal truly and uprightly with every case, allowing right to remain right, and, on the other hand, not perverting anything [by their tricks and technical points turning black into white and making wrong out to be right], nor glossing it over or keeping silent concerning it, irrespective of a person's money, possession, honor, or power. This is one part and the plainest sense of this commandment concerning all that takes place in court. Next, it extends very much further, if we are to apply it to spiritual jurisdiction or administration; here it is a common occurrence that every one bears false witness against his neighbor. For wherever there are godly preachers and Christians, they must bear the sentence before the world that they are called heretics, apostates, yea, seditious and desperately wicked miscreants. Besides, the Word of God must suffer in the most shameful and malicious manner, being persecuted, blasphemed, contradicted, perverted, and falsely cited and interpreted. But let this pass; for it is the way of the blind world that she condemns and persecutes the truth and the children of God, and yet esteems it no sin. In the third place, what concerns us all, this commandment forbids all sins of the tongue whereby we may injure or approach too closely to our neighbor. For to bear false witness is nothing else than a work of the tongue. Now, whatever is done with the tongue against a fellow-man God would have prohibited, whether it be false preachers with their doctrine and blasphemy, false judges and witnesses with their verdict, or outside of court by lying and evil-speaking. Here belongs particularly the detestable, shameful vice of speaking behind a person's back and slandering, to which the devil spurs us on, and of which there would be much to be said. For it is a common evil plague that every one prefers hearing evil to hearing good of his neighbor; and although we ourselves are so bad that we cannot suffer that any one should say anything bad about us, but every one would much rather that all the world should speak of him in terms of gold, yet we cannot bear that the best is spoken about others.
Therefore (I say) they thus interpreted these commandments, and that rightly (although their scope reaches somewhat farther and higher), that no one think or purpose to obtain what belongs to another, such as his wife, servants, house and estate, land, meadows, cattle, even with a show of right or by a subterfuge, yet with injury to his neighbor. For above, in the Seventh Commandment, the vice is forbidden where one wrests to himself the possessions of others, or withholds them from his neighbor, which he cannot do by right. But here it is also forbidden to alienate anything from your neighbor, even though you could do so with honor in the eyes of the world, so that no one could accuse or blame you as though you had obtained it wrongfully.For we are so inclined by nature that no one desires to see another have as much as himself, and each one acquires as much as he can; the other may fare as best he can. 298] And yet we pretend to be godly, know how to adorn ourselves most finely and conceal our rascality, resort to and invent adroit devices and deceitful artifices (such as now are daily most ingeniously contrived) as though they were derived from the law codes; yea, we even dare impertinently to refer to it, and boast of it, and will not have it called rascality, but shrewdness and caution. 299] In this lawyers and jurists assist, who twist and stretch the law to suit it to their cause, stress words and use them for a subterfuge, irrespective of equity or their neighbor's necessity. And, in short, whoever is the most expert and cunning in these affairs finds most help in law, as they themselves say: Vigilantibusiurasubveniunt [that is, The laws favor the watchful].