The e-book details the most interesting and important characteristics of the automobiles, car maintenance, styling features, car body style, the standard classification of the cars, an history of the automobiles, introduction in the automotive industry, and the traffic code, rules and signs.
An automobile, usually called a car (an old word for carriage) or a truck, is a wheeled vehicle that carries its own engine. Older terms include horseless carriage and motor car, with “motor” referring to what is now usually called the engine. It has seats for the driver and, almost without exception, for at least one passenger. The automobile was hailed as an environmental improvement over horses when it was first introduced. Before its introduction, in New York City, over 10,000 tons of manure had to be removed from the streets daily. However, in 2006 the automobile is one of the primary sources of worldwide air pollution and cause of substantial noise and health effects.
Insurance terminology and risk management.
Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of potential financial loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a potential loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium and duty of care.
Movie is considered to be an important art form; films entertain, educate, enlighten and inspire audiences.
Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as — in metonymy — the field in general. The origin of the name comes from the fact that photographic film (also called filmstock) has historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist — motion pictures (or just pictures or “picture”), the silver screen, photoplays, the cinema, picture shows, flicks — and commonly movies.
Sports betting is the general activity of predicting sports results by making a wager on the outcome of a sporting event.
Aside from simple wagers–betting a friend that one’s favorite baseball team will win its division, for instance, or buying a football “square” for the Super Bowl–sports betting is commonly done through a bookmaker. Bookmakers generally offer two types of wagers on the winner of a sporting event: a straight-up or money line bet, or a point spread wager. Moneylines and straight-up prices are used to set odds on sports such as soccer, baseball and hockey (the scoring nature of which renders point spreads impractical) as well as individual vs. individual matches, like boxing.
An animated cartoon is a short, hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn) moving picture for the cinema, TV or computer screen, featuring some kind of story or plot.
Animation is the optical illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static elements. In film and video production, this refers to techniques by which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually. Computer animation is the art of creating moving images via the use of computers. It is a subfield of computer graphics and animation. Anime is a medium of animation originating in Japan, with distinctive character and background aesthetics that visually set it apart from other forms of animation. An animated cartoon is a short, hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn) moving picture for the cinema, TV or computer screen, featuring some kind of story or plot (even if it is a very short one). Manga is the Japanese word for comics and print cartoons. Outside of Japan, it usually refers specifically to Japanese comics. Special effects (abbreviated SPFX or SFX) are used in the film, television, and entertainment industry to visualize scenes that cannot be achieved by normal means, such as space travel. Stop motion is a generic gereral term for an animation technique which makes static objects appear to move.
A guide for the cat lovers about the cat behavior, cat attractants, cat breeds, cat health and food, type of cats, cats as pets, fictional cats, films about cats, historical cats. A book full with pictures of the most important cat breeds, tips and advice for cat behavior, cat diseases and how to take care of the cats.
The cat, also called the domestic cat or house cat, is a small feline carnivorous mammal of the subspecies Felis silvestris catus. Its most immediate pre-domestication ancestor is the African wild cat, Felis silvestris lybica. The cat has been living in close association with humans for at least 3,500 years; the Ancient Egyptians routinely used cats to keep mice and other rodents (mostly rats) away from their grain (and also believed that cats were sacred to the goddess Bastet). The history of the domestic cat may stretch back even further, as 8,000-year-old bones of humans and cats were found buried together on the island of Cyprus.
An introduction to interpersonal relationship – methods, advice and tips for friendship, dating and online dating, intimate relationship, love and kiss, flirting, seduction, romance, marriage and wedding.
Interpersonal relationships are social associations, connections, or affiliations between two or more people. They vary in differing levels of intimacy and sharing, implying the discovery or establishment of common ground, and may be centered around something(s) shared in common. The study of relationships is of concern to sociology, psychology and anthropology. Dating is a form of courtship consisting of social activities done by two persons with the aim of each assessing the other’s suitability as a partner in an intimate relationship or as a spouse.
Gambling as a betting action – wagering money or something of material value on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary intent of winning additional money or material goods.
A guide about what is gambling (with a special section for online gambling), casino games with both beatable casino games (poker , blackjack, video poker with progressive jackpot, pai gow poker, betting, horse racing – parimutuel, slot machines and other gambling machines) and unbeatable casino games (baccarat, craps, roulette, keno, casino war, faro, pachinko, sic bo, let it ride, 3-card poker, 4-card poker, red dog, Caribbean stud poker, etc.), and non-casino gambling games (bingo, lottery, mahjong, backgammon, bridge, etc.).
Fixed-odds gambling in sports is also present in this book with horse racing, greyhound racing, football (particularly association football, American football and rugby), golf, tennis, cricket, baseball, basketball, ice hockey, snooker, motor sports, boxing, darts, cross-country skiing and biathlon. Please, don’t forget to take a look to the legality of the gambling and online gambling, as well as to the articles, warnings and links dedicated to the gambling addiction. Extreme cases of problem gambling may cross over into the realm of mental disorders.
A guide for online marketers, advertisers and publishers, to increase the digital marketing and optimize their costs and benefits.
Internet marketing, also known as digital marketing, web marketing, online marketing, search marketing or e-marketing, is the marketing (generally promotion) of products or services over the Internet. Search engine optimization (SEO) is a set of methods aimed at improving the ranking of a website in search engine listings.
Generally speaking, advertising is the promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas, usually by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy.
Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public relations, personal selling and SHOP SHOP SALE s promotion.
Online advertising is advertising on the Internet. This particular form of advertising is a source of revenue for an increasing number of websites and companies.
Insurance terminology and risk management.
Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of potential financial loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a potential loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium and duty of care.
Movie is considered to be an important art form; films entertain, educate, enlighten and inspire audiences.
Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as — in metonymy — the field in general. The origin of the name comes from the fact that photographic film (also called filmstock) has historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist — motion pictures (or just pictures or “picture”), the silver screen, photoplays, the cinema, picture shows, flicks — and commonly movies.
Sports betting is the general activity of predicting sports results by making a wager on the outcome of a sporting event.
Aside from simple wagers–betting a friend that one’s favorite baseball team will win its division, for instance, or buying a football “square” for the Super Bowl–sports betting is commonly done through a bookmaker. Bookmakers generally offer two types of wagers on the winner of a sporting event: a straight-up or money line bet, or a point spread wager. Moneylines and straight-up prices are used to set odds on sports such as soccer, baseball and hockey (the scoring nature of which renders point spreads impractical) as well as individual vs. individual matches, like boxing.
An animated cartoon is a short, hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn) moving picture for the cinema, TV or computer screen, featuring some kind of story or plot.
Animation is the optical illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static elements. In film and video production, this refers to techniques by which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually. Computer animation is the art of creating moving images via the use of computers. It is a subfield of computer graphics and animation. Anime is a medium of animation originating in Japan, with distinctive character and background aesthetics that visually set it apart from other forms of animation. An animated cartoon is a short, hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn) moving picture for the cinema, TV or computer screen, featuring some kind of story or plot (even if it is a very short one). Manga is the Japanese word for comics and print cartoons. Outside of Japan, it usually refers specifically to Japanese comics. Special effects (abbreviated SPFX or SFX) are used in the film, television, and entertainment industry to visualize scenes that cannot be achieved by normal means, such as space travel. Stop motion is a generic gereral term for an animation technique which makes static objects appear to move.
A guide for the cat lovers about the cat behavior, cat attractants, cat breeds, cat health and food, type of cats, cats as pets, fictional cats, films about cats, historical cats. A book full with pictures of the most important cat breeds, tips and advice for cat behavior, cat diseases and how to take care of the cats.
The cat, also called the domestic cat or house cat, is a small feline carnivorous mammal of the subspecies Felis silvestris catus. Its most immediate pre-domestication ancestor is the African wild cat, Felis silvestris lybica. The cat has been living in close association with humans for at least 3,500 years; the Ancient Egyptians routinely used cats to keep mice and other rodents (mostly rats) away from their grain (and also believed that cats were sacred to the goddess Bastet). The history of the domestic cat may stretch back even further, as 8,000-year-old bones of humans and cats were found buried together on the island of Cyprus.
An introduction to interpersonal relationship – methods, advice and tips for friendship, dating and online dating, intimate relationship, love and kiss, flirting, seduction, romance, marriage and wedding.
Interpersonal relationships are social associations, connections, or affiliations between two or more people. They vary in differing levels of intimacy and sharing, implying the discovery or establishment of common ground, and may be centered around something(s) shared in common. The study of relationships is of concern to sociology, psychology and anthropology. Dating is a form of courtship consisting of social activities done by two persons with the aim of each assessing the other’s suitability as a partner in an intimate relationship or as a spouse.
Gambling as a betting action – wagering money or something of material value on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary intent of winning additional money or material goods.
A guide about what is gambling (with a special section for online gambling), casino games with both beatable casino games (poker , blackjack, video poker with progressive jackpot, pai gow poker, betting, horse racing – parimutuel, slot machines and other gambling machines) and unbeatable casino games (baccarat, craps, roulette, keno, casino war, faro, pachinko, sic bo, let it ride, 3-card poker, 4-card poker, red dog, Caribbean stud poker, etc.), and non-casino gambling games (bingo, lottery, mahjong, backgammon, bridge, etc.).
Fixed-odds gambling in sports is also present in this book with horse racing, greyhound racing, football (particularly association football, American football and rugby), golf, tennis, cricket, baseball, basketball, ice hockey, snooker, motor sports, boxing, darts, cross-country skiing and biathlon. Please, don’t forget to take a look to the legality of the gambling and online gambling, as well as to the articles, warnings and links dedicated to the gambling addiction. Extreme cases of problem gambling may cross over into the realm of mental disorders.
A guide for online marketers, advertisers and publishers, to increase the digital marketing and optimize their costs and benefits.
Internet marketing, also known as digital marketing, web marketing, online marketing, search marketing or e-marketing, is the marketing (generally promotion) of products or services over the Internet. Search engine optimization (SEO) is a set of methods aimed at improving the ranking of a website in search engine listings.
Generally speaking, advertising is the promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas, usually by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy.
Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public relations, personal selling and SHOP SHOP SALE s promotion.
Online advertising is advertising on the Internet. This particular form of advertising is a source of revenue for an increasing number of websites and companies.
This book is intended to be an introduction to the poker game, emphasizing on the online poker, the betting structure, poker variants, poker strategy and specific poker tournaments.
Online poker is the game of poker played over the Internet. Online poker rooms tend to be viewed as more player-friendly and allow the players to play for very low stakes. It has been partly responsible for a dramatic increase in the number of poker players worldwide. While the practice of comping players with free meals, hotel rooms, and merchandise is quite common in B&M casinos, online poker rooms have needed to develop new ways to reward faithful customers. The most common way of doing this is through deposit bonuses, where the player is given a bonus code to enter when placing money into an account. One common feature of the online poker sites is to offer tournaments called satellites by which the winners gain entry to real-life poker tournaments. Online poker rooms reward customers through deposit bonuses, where the player is given a bonus code to enter when placing money into an account.
Internet casino guide – best gambling on net and casino bonus.
Online casinos, also known as virtual casinos, are the online version of land-based (“brick and mortar”) casinos. They allow you to play casino games through the Internet. Some online casinos provide various games, while others only provide only one type of game. Online poker is also very popular and there are many dedicated companies that provide this activity.
https://www.telework.ro/en/e-books/gaming-online-casinos/
Dog anatomy, breeding, breeds, equipment, health, law, monuments, organizations, related professions and professionals, shows and showing, sports, training and behavior, types, working dogs. Dogs in popular culture, famous dogs, fictional dogs, films.
The dog is a canine mammal of the Order Carnivora. Dogs were first domesticated from wolves at least 12,000 years ago but perhaps as long as 150,000 years ago based on recent genetic fossil evidence and DNA evidence. In this time, the dog has developed into hundreds of breeds with a great degree of variation. This guide details the dog anatomy, breeding, breeds, equipment, health, law, monuments, organizations, related professions and professionals, shows and showing, dog sports, training and behavior, dog types, working dogs, as well as dogs in popular culture, famous dogs, fictional dogs, films about dogs, dogs as pets, and many other related aspects.
Dog anatomy, breeding, breeds, equipment, health, law, monuments, organizations, related professions and professionals, shows and showing, sports, training and behavior, types, working dogs. Dogs in popular culture, famous dogs, fictional dogs, films.
The dog is a canine mammal of the Order Carnivora. Dogs were first domesticated from wolves at least 12,000 years ago but perhaps as long as 150,000 years ago based on recent genetic fossil evidence and DNA evidence. In this time, the dog has developed into hundreds of breeds with a great degree of variation. This guide details the dog anatomy, breeding, breeds, equipment, health, law, monuments, organizations, related professions and professionals, shows and showing, dog sports, training and behavior, dog types, working dogs, as well as dogs in popular culture, famous dogs, fictional dogs, films about dogs, dogs as pets, and many other related aspects.
A detailed guide of everything you want and need to know about fish.
A fish is a water-dwelling vertebrate with gills that doesn”t change form, as amphibians do, during its life. Most are cold-blooded, though some (such as some species of tuna and shark) are warm-blooded. There are over 29,000 species of fish, making them the most diverse group of vertebrates. Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. Fishing is a very ancient practice that dates back at least to the Mesolithic period which began about 10,000 years ago.
Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. By extension, the term fishing is also applied to hunting for other aquatic animals such as various types of shellfish as well as squid, octopus, turtles, frogs and some edible marine invertebrates. Fish as a food describes the edible parts of water-dwelling, cold-blooded vertebrates with gills, as well as certain other water-dwelling animals such as mollusks, crustaceans, and shellfish. An aquarium (plural aquariums or aquaria) is a vivarium, usually contained in a clear-sided container (typically constructed of glass or high-strength plastic) in which water-dwelling plants and animals (usually fish, and sometimes invertebrates, as well as amphibians, marine mammals, and reptiles) are kept in captivity, often for public display; or it is an establishment featuring such displays. A detailed guide of everything you want and need to know about fish.
This document provides an overview of American music. It discusses various genres that originated or developed substantially in the United States, including folk, classical, popular music, as well as American Indian music, jazz, blues, and rock. It also examines the music industry and provides historical context on the development of music education and holidays/festivals in America. The document is compiled from various articles on American music genres. It includes chapters on the history and characteristics of specific styles as well as biographies of influential artists.
A comprehensive guide of chess: history, famous games and players, rules, strategy, tactics, chess and the computer, documentation and literature, variants.
Chess (the “Game of Kings”) is a board game for two players, which requires 32 chesspieces (or chessmen) and a board demarcated by 64 squares. Gameplay does not involve random luck; consisting solely of strategy, (see also tactics, and theory). Chess is one of humanity’s more popular games; it is has been described not only as a game, but also as both art and science. Chess is sometimes seen as an abstract wargame; as a “mental martial art”.
A comprehensive guide of chess: history, famous games and players, rules, strategy, tactics, chess and the computer, documentation and literature, variants.
Chess (the “Game of Kings”) is a board game for two players, which requires 32 chesspieces (or chessmen) and a board demarcated by 64 squares. Gameplay does not involve random luck; consisting solely of strategy, (see also tactics, and theory). Chess is one of humanity’s more popular games; it is has been described not only as a game, but also as both art and science. Chess is sometimes seen as an abstract wargame; as a “mental martial art”.
A short guide about how to play blackjack, blackjack variants, strategies, tournaments, card counting, advantage gambling techniques, terminology.
The rules of casino blackjack are generally determined by law or regulation, which establishes certain rule variations allowed at the discretion of the casino. The rules of any particular game are generally posted on or near the table, failing which there is an expectation that casino staff will provide them on request. Over 100 variations of blackjack have been documented.
Each blackjack game has a basic strategy, which is playing a hand of any total value against any dealer’s up-card, which loses the least money to the house in the long term.
Blackjack can be played in tournament form, where players start with equal numbers of chips and the aim is to finish among the top chip-holders.
Christmas characters and food, Christmas-linked holidays and music, Santa Claus and traditions. Related to Annunciation, Incarnation; Crucifixion; Advent, the four weeks preceding Christmas; and the period between the day after Thanksgiving and the Sunday after New Year”s Day, the American holiday season.
Christmas or Christmas Day is a holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus, the central figure of Christianity. Aspects of celebration may include gift-giving, Christmas trees, display of Nativity sets, church attendance, the Father Christmas/Santa Claus myth, and family gatherings. Users of the Gregorian calendar observe the holiday on December 25. Some Eastern Orthodox Churches celebrate on December 25 by the Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 on the Gregorian calendar. These dates are merely traditional; the great majority of scholars agree that the actual birthdate of Jesus is unknown. In Western culture, the holiday is characterized by the exchange of gifts among friends and family members, some of the gifts being attributed to Santa Claus (also known as Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, Saint Basil and Father Frost). However, various local and regional Christmas traditions are still practiced, despite the widespread influence of American, British and Australian Christmas motifs disseminated by film, popular literature, television, and other media.
Dance music is music composed, played, or both, specifically to accompany dancing.
It can be either the whole musical piece or part of a larger musical arrangement. Dance music works usually bear the name of the corresponding dance, e.g. waltzes, the tango, the bolero, the can-can, minuets, salsa, various kinds of jigs and the breakdown. Other dance forms include contradance, the merengue, the cha-cha-cha. Often it is difficult to know whether the name of the music came first or the name of the dance. Although dance is often accompanied by music, it can also be presented alone (Postmodern dance) or provide its own accompaniment (tap dance). Dance presented with music may or may not be performed in time to the music depending on the style of dance. Dance performed without music is said to be danced to its own rhythm. An introduction to classical and modern dance including hip hop dance, what is dance, and the dance music (electronic music, rock and roll, disco, house, techno, trance, etc.)
A short guide about what is and how to play bingo, the game in US and United Kingdom, and its major variations.
Since its invention in 1934, modern bingo has evolved into multiple variations, with each jurisdiction’s gambling laws regulating how the game is played. There are also nearly unlimited patterns that may be specified for play. Some patterns only require one number to be matched, up to cover-all games which award the jackpot for covering an entire card and certain games award prizes to players for matching no numbers or achieving no pattern.
Bingo is often used as an instructional tool in American primary schools and in teaching English as a foreign language in many countries. It became increasingly more popular across the UK with more purpose-built bingo halls.
Keno is an important variation of bingo game, often played at modern casinos, and also offered as a game in some state lotteries.
Scratchcard is another major variation. The scratchcard is a small token, usually made of cardboard, where one or more areas contain concealed information: they are covered by a substance (usually latex) that cannot be seen through, but can be scratched off.
The book is an overview of the major subfields and concepts in physics, including a brief outline of the history of physics and its subfields.
Physics (from Greek from φυσικός (phusikos): natural, from φύσις (fysis): Nature) is the science of Nature in the broadest sense. Physicists study the behaviour and interactions of matter and radiation. Theories of physics are generally expressed as mathematical relations. Well-established theories are often referred to as physical laws or laws of physics; however, like all scientific theories, they are ultimately provisional. Physics is very closely related to the other natural sciences, particularly chemistry. The book is an overview of the major subfields and concepts in physics, including a brief outline of the history of physics and its subfields.
https://www.telework.ro/en/e-books/physics-help/
Introduction in poetry: nature of poetry, tools, history, terms (periods, styles and movements, technical means, tropes, measures of verse, verse forms, national poetry...
Poetry is traditionally a written art form (although there is also an ancient and modern poetry which relies mainly upon oral or pictorial representations) in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content.
The increased emphasis on the aesthetics of language and the deliberate use of features such as repetition, meter and rhyme, are what are commonly used to distinguish poetry from prose, but debates over such distinctions still persist, while the issue is confounded by such forms as prose poetry and poetic prose.
Some modernists (such as the Surrealists) approach this problem of definition by defining poetry not as a literary genre within a set of genres, but as the very manifestation of human imagination, the substance which all creative acts derive from.
A guide for game preview and rules: history, definitions, classification, theory, video game consoles, cheating, links, etc.
While many different subdivisions have been proposed, anthropologists classify games under three major headings, and have drawn some conclusions as to the social bases that each sort of game requires. They divide games broadly into, games of pure skill, such as hopscotch and target shooting; games of pure strategy, such as checkers, go, or tic-tac-toe; and games of chance, such as craps and snakes and ladders. A guide for game preview and rules: history, definitions, classification, theory, video game consoles, cheating, links, etc.
English Translation Style Guide for European UnionNicolae Sfetcu
This Style Guide is intended primarily for English-language authors and translators, both in-house and freelance, working for the European Commission. But now that so many texts in and around the EU institutions are drafted in English by native and non-native speakers alike, its rules, reminders and handy references aim to serve a wider readership as well.
The Guide is divided into two clearly distinct parts, the first dealing with linguistic conventions applicable in all contexts and the second with the workings of the European Union — and with how those workings are expressed and reflected in English. This should not be taken to imply that ‘EU English’ is different from ‘real English’; it is simply a reflection of the fact that the European Union as a unique body has had to invent a terminology to describe itself. However, the overriding aim in both parts of the Guide is to facilitate and encourage the writing of clear and reader-friendly English.
AutoCAD is a Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) software application, developed by Autodesk and used across a wide range of industries by architects, engineers, graphic designers, project managers, and in 3D modeling, just to mention a few.
Autodesk also develops vertical solutions, using AutoCAD as a base platform, including enhanced features for many different disciplines, and a light version called AutoCAD LT (or AutoCAD Light) which does not include 3D design capabilities and advanced customization and programming, while AutoCAD offers very powerful tools for 3D modeling and customization.
This book covers common AutoCAD 2016 features. Users running other AutoCAD vertical solutions or AutoCAD LT and some older releases of AutoCAD may use this book as a quick-start guide for working with the product.
Try my comprehensive quiz to assess your knowledge at: http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=NzIyMzUz5920&setprice=NzIyMDgy
We all know that life is full of uncertainties. Nonetheless, that doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t have dreams you intend to achieve. Your goals drive you toward your destination in life and give you a sense of purpose. One of the tools you need to reach that lofty height you desire is visualization. As you would have noticed, visualization is simple. However, it is tremendously effective in driving you to your dreams.
Stop listening to people with a negative and pessimistic view of life. Indeed, it’s good to be cautious and be modest in your expectations. Nonetheless, there are many great examples of people who have achieved their dreams. Read more about such people, especially in your field. It resonates and is inspirational when you read about individuals who have defied the odds to achieve a goal that is similar to yours.
It gives you confidence that you can also do the same when you are ready to pay the price. Remember that dreams and visualization aren’t enough to drive you to your paradise. You need to be determined and ready to put in the required hard work. However, visualization and industry aren’t mutually exclusive. They are either side of a coin, and you need both. You are unstoppable! Chase your dreams and become the best version of yourself!
As mentioned early, visualization isn’t all about creating images in your head and expecting things to work out somehow. Anyone who thinks they can make a mark in life with that languid and lackadaisical approach has no clue regarding what it takes to be an achiever. Visualization isn’t a magical practice that gives you results from thin air. Anyone who tells you that you can become great by just imagining greatness is only introducing you to a Ponzi scheme.
There are certain rules you have to follow before you can stand up to be counted among the successful people in this world. One of them is that you have to be committed to whatever it is you want to achieve. Once you visualize the dream, you have to be ready to put in the hard work necessary to accomplish it.
Read this book and start your journey of successful life.
This document provides an overview of agile development principles and approaches. It begins by looking back at traditional software development models like code-and-fix, waterfall, and spiral development. It then introduces the Agile Manifesto, which values individuals, collaboration, customer feedback, and response to change over comprehensive documentation and following a plan. The document defines what agile means today, noting its growing popularity and scalability. It provides high-level descriptions of agile roles, practices like user stories and daily stand-ups, and approaches like Scrum, XP, Lean, Kanban, and Disciplined Agile Delivery. It also discusses scaling agile, evaluating agile tools, common adoption pitfalls, and myths about ag
The quote above and many others that have been spoken by wise men in the history of human beings point out the importance of visualizing an event before it occurs. “Dream” in the context of the above statement doesn’t refer to the images and visuals you see when sleeping or taking a nap. Rather, this refers to the goals you plan to achieve in your life.
Riscuri și provocări în inteligența artificială: Cutii negre și actorii de am...Nicolae Sfetcu
Inteligența artificială a creat oportunități fără precedent, dar și noi riscuri. Creșterea exponențială a capabilităților modelelor de inteligența artificială permite atingerea unor niveluri de valoare și generalizare neatinse până acum. Cu toate acestea, opacitatea acestor modele a crescut, de asemenea, iar natura lor de cutie neagră face dificilă, chiar și pentru experți, explicarea justificării concluziilor lor. Acest lucru poate reprezenta un punct critic din punct de vedere tehnologic și social, deoarece riscul este real, după cum demonstrează episoadele recente, ale sistemelor de antrenament care sunt compromise de părtiniri și prejudecăți de discriminare, care au învățat din datele de instruire. Prin urmare, este posibil ca învățarea din urmele digitale ale deciziilor trecute să poată duce la încorporarea prejudecăților invizibile existente în modelele rezultate, perpetuându-le.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 41-47
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT21269
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/riscuri-si-provocari-in-inteligenta-artificiala-cutii-negre-si-actorii-de-amenintare/
EU Clear English Tips for Translators - eBookNicolae Sfetcu
Here are some tips to help translators avoid copying structure and wording from other languages that would be awkward in English.
They should be useful to non-native speakers, but may serve as handy reminders for native speakers too.
This book is intended to be an introduction to the poker game, emphasizing on the online poker, the betting structure, poker variants, poker strategy and specific poker tournaments.
Online poker is the game of poker played over the Internet. Online poker rooms tend to be viewed as more player-friendly and allow the players to play for very low stakes. It has been partly responsible for a dramatic increase in the number of poker players worldwide. While the practice of comping players with free meals, hotel rooms, and merchandise is quite common in B&M casinos, online poker rooms have needed to develop new ways to reward faithful customers. The most common way of doing this is through deposit bonuses, where the player is given a bonus code to enter when placing money into an account. One common feature of the online poker sites is to offer tournaments called satellites by which the winners gain entry to real-life poker tournaments. Online poker rooms reward customers through deposit bonuses, where the player is given a bonus code to enter when placing money into an account.
Internet casino guide – best gambling on net and casino bonus.
Online casinos, also known as virtual casinos, are the online version of land-based (“brick and mortar”) casinos. They allow you to play casino games through the Internet. Some online casinos provide various games, while others only provide only one type of game. Online poker is also very popular and there are many dedicated companies that provide this activity.
https://www.telework.ro/en/e-books/gaming-online-casinos/
Dog anatomy, breeding, breeds, equipment, health, law, monuments, organizations, related professions and professionals, shows and showing, sports, training and behavior, types, working dogs. Dogs in popular culture, famous dogs, fictional dogs, films.
The dog is a canine mammal of the Order Carnivora. Dogs were first domesticated from wolves at least 12,000 years ago but perhaps as long as 150,000 years ago based on recent genetic fossil evidence and DNA evidence. In this time, the dog has developed into hundreds of breeds with a great degree of variation. This guide details the dog anatomy, breeding, breeds, equipment, health, law, monuments, organizations, related professions and professionals, shows and showing, dog sports, training and behavior, dog types, working dogs, as well as dogs in popular culture, famous dogs, fictional dogs, films about dogs, dogs as pets, and many other related aspects.
Dog anatomy, breeding, breeds, equipment, health, law, monuments, organizations, related professions and professionals, shows and showing, sports, training and behavior, types, working dogs. Dogs in popular culture, famous dogs, fictional dogs, films.
The dog is a canine mammal of the Order Carnivora. Dogs were first domesticated from wolves at least 12,000 years ago but perhaps as long as 150,000 years ago based on recent genetic fossil evidence and DNA evidence. In this time, the dog has developed into hundreds of breeds with a great degree of variation. This guide details the dog anatomy, breeding, breeds, equipment, health, law, monuments, organizations, related professions and professionals, shows and showing, dog sports, training and behavior, dog types, working dogs, as well as dogs in popular culture, famous dogs, fictional dogs, films about dogs, dogs as pets, and many other related aspects.
A detailed guide of everything you want and need to know about fish.
A fish is a water-dwelling vertebrate with gills that doesn”t change form, as amphibians do, during its life. Most are cold-blooded, though some (such as some species of tuna and shark) are warm-blooded. There are over 29,000 species of fish, making them the most diverse group of vertebrates. Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. Fishing is a very ancient practice that dates back at least to the Mesolithic period which began about 10,000 years ago.
Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. By extension, the term fishing is also applied to hunting for other aquatic animals such as various types of shellfish as well as squid, octopus, turtles, frogs and some edible marine invertebrates. Fish as a food describes the edible parts of water-dwelling, cold-blooded vertebrates with gills, as well as certain other water-dwelling animals such as mollusks, crustaceans, and shellfish. An aquarium (plural aquariums or aquaria) is a vivarium, usually contained in a clear-sided container (typically constructed of glass or high-strength plastic) in which water-dwelling plants and animals (usually fish, and sometimes invertebrates, as well as amphibians, marine mammals, and reptiles) are kept in captivity, often for public display; or it is an establishment featuring such displays. A detailed guide of everything you want and need to know about fish.
This document provides an overview of American music. It discusses various genres that originated or developed substantially in the United States, including folk, classical, popular music, as well as American Indian music, jazz, blues, and rock. It also examines the music industry and provides historical context on the development of music education and holidays/festivals in America. The document is compiled from various articles on American music genres. It includes chapters on the history and characteristics of specific styles as well as biographies of influential artists.
A comprehensive guide of chess: history, famous games and players, rules, strategy, tactics, chess and the computer, documentation and literature, variants.
Chess (the “Game of Kings”) is a board game for two players, which requires 32 chesspieces (or chessmen) and a board demarcated by 64 squares. Gameplay does not involve random luck; consisting solely of strategy, (see also tactics, and theory). Chess is one of humanity’s more popular games; it is has been described not only as a game, but also as both art and science. Chess is sometimes seen as an abstract wargame; as a “mental martial art”.
A comprehensive guide of chess: history, famous games and players, rules, strategy, tactics, chess and the computer, documentation and literature, variants.
Chess (the “Game of Kings”) is a board game for two players, which requires 32 chesspieces (or chessmen) and a board demarcated by 64 squares. Gameplay does not involve random luck; consisting solely of strategy, (see also tactics, and theory). Chess is one of humanity’s more popular games; it is has been described not only as a game, but also as both art and science. Chess is sometimes seen as an abstract wargame; as a “mental martial art”.
A short guide about how to play blackjack, blackjack variants, strategies, tournaments, card counting, advantage gambling techniques, terminology.
The rules of casino blackjack are generally determined by law or regulation, which establishes certain rule variations allowed at the discretion of the casino. The rules of any particular game are generally posted on or near the table, failing which there is an expectation that casino staff will provide them on request. Over 100 variations of blackjack have been documented.
Each blackjack game has a basic strategy, which is playing a hand of any total value against any dealer’s up-card, which loses the least money to the house in the long term.
Blackjack can be played in tournament form, where players start with equal numbers of chips and the aim is to finish among the top chip-holders.
Christmas characters and food, Christmas-linked holidays and music, Santa Claus and traditions. Related to Annunciation, Incarnation; Crucifixion; Advent, the four weeks preceding Christmas; and the period between the day after Thanksgiving and the Sunday after New Year”s Day, the American holiday season.
Christmas or Christmas Day is a holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus, the central figure of Christianity. Aspects of celebration may include gift-giving, Christmas trees, display of Nativity sets, church attendance, the Father Christmas/Santa Claus myth, and family gatherings. Users of the Gregorian calendar observe the holiday on December 25. Some Eastern Orthodox Churches celebrate on December 25 by the Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 on the Gregorian calendar. These dates are merely traditional; the great majority of scholars agree that the actual birthdate of Jesus is unknown. In Western culture, the holiday is characterized by the exchange of gifts among friends and family members, some of the gifts being attributed to Santa Claus (also known as Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, Saint Basil and Father Frost). However, various local and regional Christmas traditions are still practiced, despite the widespread influence of American, British and Australian Christmas motifs disseminated by film, popular literature, television, and other media.
Dance music is music composed, played, or both, specifically to accompany dancing.
It can be either the whole musical piece or part of a larger musical arrangement. Dance music works usually bear the name of the corresponding dance, e.g. waltzes, the tango, the bolero, the can-can, minuets, salsa, various kinds of jigs and the breakdown. Other dance forms include contradance, the merengue, the cha-cha-cha. Often it is difficult to know whether the name of the music came first or the name of the dance. Although dance is often accompanied by music, it can also be presented alone (Postmodern dance) or provide its own accompaniment (tap dance). Dance presented with music may or may not be performed in time to the music depending on the style of dance. Dance performed without music is said to be danced to its own rhythm. An introduction to classical and modern dance including hip hop dance, what is dance, and the dance music (electronic music, rock and roll, disco, house, techno, trance, etc.)
A short guide about what is and how to play bingo, the game in US and United Kingdom, and its major variations.
Since its invention in 1934, modern bingo has evolved into multiple variations, with each jurisdiction’s gambling laws regulating how the game is played. There are also nearly unlimited patterns that may be specified for play. Some patterns only require one number to be matched, up to cover-all games which award the jackpot for covering an entire card and certain games award prizes to players for matching no numbers or achieving no pattern.
Bingo is often used as an instructional tool in American primary schools and in teaching English as a foreign language in many countries. It became increasingly more popular across the UK with more purpose-built bingo halls.
Keno is an important variation of bingo game, often played at modern casinos, and also offered as a game in some state lotteries.
Scratchcard is another major variation. The scratchcard is a small token, usually made of cardboard, where one or more areas contain concealed information: they are covered by a substance (usually latex) that cannot be seen through, but can be scratched off.
The book is an overview of the major subfields and concepts in physics, including a brief outline of the history of physics and its subfields.
Physics (from Greek from φυσικός (phusikos): natural, from φύσις (fysis): Nature) is the science of Nature in the broadest sense. Physicists study the behaviour and interactions of matter and radiation. Theories of physics are generally expressed as mathematical relations. Well-established theories are often referred to as physical laws or laws of physics; however, like all scientific theories, they are ultimately provisional. Physics is very closely related to the other natural sciences, particularly chemistry. The book is an overview of the major subfields and concepts in physics, including a brief outline of the history of physics and its subfields.
https://www.telework.ro/en/e-books/physics-help/
Introduction in poetry: nature of poetry, tools, history, terms (periods, styles and movements, technical means, tropes, measures of verse, verse forms, national poetry...
Poetry is traditionally a written art form (although there is also an ancient and modern poetry which relies mainly upon oral or pictorial representations) in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content.
The increased emphasis on the aesthetics of language and the deliberate use of features such as repetition, meter and rhyme, are what are commonly used to distinguish poetry from prose, but debates over such distinctions still persist, while the issue is confounded by such forms as prose poetry and poetic prose.
Some modernists (such as the Surrealists) approach this problem of definition by defining poetry not as a literary genre within a set of genres, but as the very manifestation of human imagination, the substance which all creative acts derive from.
A guide for game preview and rules: history, definitions, classification, theory, video game consoles, cheating, links, etc.
While many different subdivisions have been proposed, anthropologists classify games under three major headings, and have drawn some conclusions as to the social bases that each sort of game requires. They divide games broadly into, games of pure skill, such as hopscotch and target shooting; games of pure strategy, such as checkers, go, or tic-tac-toe; and games of chance, such as craps and snakes and ladders. A guide for game preview and rules: history, definitions, classification, theory, video game consoles, cheating, links, etc.
English Translation Style Guide for European UnionNicolae Sfetcu
This Style Guide is intended primarily for English-language authors and translators, both in-house and freelance, working for the European Commission. But now that so many texts in and around the EU institutions are drafted in English by native and non-native speakers alike, its rules, reminders and handy references aim to serve a wider readership as well.
The Guide is divided into two clearly distinct parts, the first dealing with linguistic conventions applicable in all contexts and the second with the workings of the European Union — and with how those workings are expressed and reflected in English. This should not be taken to imply that ‘EU English’ is different from ‘real English’; it is simply a reflection of the fact that the European Union as a unique body has had to invent a terminology to describe itself. However, the overriding aim in both parts of the Guide is to facilitate and encourage the writing of clear and reader-friendly English.
AutoCAD is a Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) software application, developed by Autodesk and used across a wide range of industries by architects, engineers, graphic designers, project managers, and in 3D modeling, just to mention a few.
Autodesk also develops vertical solutions, using AutoCAD as a base platform, including enhanced features for many different disciplines, and a light version called AutoCAD LT (or AutoCAD Light) which does not include 3D design capabilities and advanced customization and programming, while AutoCAD offers very powerful tools for 3D modeling and customization.
This book covers common AutoCAD 2016 features. Users running other AutoCAD vertical solutions or AutoCAD LT and some older releases of AutoCAD may use this book as a quick-start guide for working with the product.
Try my comprehensive quiz to assess your knowledge at: http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=NzIyMzUz5920&setprice=NzIyMDgy
We all know that life is full of uncertainties. Nonetheless, that doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t have dreams you intend to achieve. Your goals drive you toward your destination in life and give you a sense of purpose. One of the tools you need to reach that lofty height you desire is visualization. As you would have noticed, visualization is simple. However, it is tremendously effective in driving you to your dreams.
Stop listening to people with a negative and pessimistic view of life. Indeed, it’s good to be cautious and be modest in your expectations. Nonetheless, there are many great examples of people who have achieved their dreams. Read more about such people, especially in your field. It resonates and is inspirational when you read about individuals who have defied the odds to achieve a goal that is similar to yours.
It gives you confidence that you can also do the same when you are ready to pay the price. Remember that dreams and visualization aren’t enough to drive you to your paradise. You need to be determined and ready to put in the required hard work. However, visualization and industry aren’t mutually exclusive. They are either side of a coin, and you need both. You are unstoppable! Chase your dreams and become the best version of yourself!
As mentioned early, visualization isn’t all about creating images in your head and expecting things to work out somehow. Anyone who thinks they can make a mark in life with that languid and lackadaisical approach has no clue regarding what it takes to be an achiever. Visualization isn’t a magical practice that gives you results from thin air. Anyone who tells you that you can become great by just imagining greatness is only introducing you to a Ponzi scheme.
There are certain rules you have to follow before you can stand up to be counted among the successful people in this world. One of them is that you have to be committed to whatever it is you want to achieve. Once you visualize the dream, you have to be ready to put in the hard work necessary to accomplish it.
Read this book and start your journey of successful life.
This document provides an overview of agile development principles and approaches. It begins by looking back at traditional software development models like code-and-fix, waterfall, and spiral development. It then introduces the Agile Manifesto, which values individuals, collaboration, customer feedback, and response to change over comprehensive documentation and following a plan. The document defines what agile means today, noting its growing popularity and scalability. It provides high-level descriptions of agile roles, practices like user stories and daily stand-ups, and approaches like Scrum, XP, Lean, Kanban, and Disciplined Agile Delivery. It also discusses scaling agile, evaluating agile tools, common adoption pitfalls, and myths about ag
The quote above and many others that have been spoken by wise men in the history of human beings point out the importance of visualizing an event before it occurs. “Dream” in the context of the above statement doesn’t refer to the images and visuals you see when sleeping or taking a nap. Rather, this refers to the goals you plan to achieve in your life.
Riscuri și provocări în inteligența artificială: Cutii negre și actorii de am...Nicolae Sfetcu
Inteligența artificială a creat oportunități fără precedent, dar și noi riscuri. Creșterea exponențială a capabilităților modelelor de inteligența artificială permite atingerea unor niveluri de valoare și generalizare neatinse până acum. Cu toate acestea, opacitatea acestor modele a crescut, de asemenea, iar natura lor de cutie neagră face dificilă, chiar și pentru experți, explicarea justificării concluziilor lor. Acest lucru poate reprezenta un punct critic din punct de vedere tehnologic și social, deoarece riscul este real, după cum demonstrează episoadele recente, ale sistemelor de antrenament care sunt compromise de părtiniri și prejudecăți de discriminare, care au învățat din datele de instruire. Prin urmare, este posibil ca învățarea din urmele digitale ale deciziilor trecute să poată duce la încorporarea prejudecăților invizibile existente în modelele rezultate, perpetuându-le.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 41-47
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT21269
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/riscuri-si-provocari-in-inteligenta-artificiala-cutii-negre-si-actorii-de-amenintare/
EU Clear English Tips for Translators - eBookNicolae Sfetcu
Here are some tips to help translators avoid copying structure and wording from other languages that would be awkward in English.
They should be useful to non-native speakers, but may serve as handy reminders for native speakers too.
Funcții PHP definite de utilizator în dezvoltarea WordPressNicolae Sfetcu
PHP definește o gamă largă de funcții ca blocuri reutilizabile de instrucțiuni în limbajul de bază, și multe sunt, de asemenea, disponibile în diferite extensii. Aceste funcții sunt bine documentate în documentația online PHP. Funcțiile personalizate pot fi definite de dezvoltator. O funcție nu se va executa automat când se încarcă o pagină, ea poate fi apelată de oriunde și oricând în cadrul programului. PHP acceptă declarații de tip privind parametrii funcției, care sunt aplicate în timpul execuției.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 37-40
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT37237
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/functii-php-definite-de-utilizator-in-dezvoltarea-wordpress/
Practici comune pentru limbajul de programare în CNicolae Sfetcu
Odată cu utilizarea pe scară largă, o serie de practici și convenții comune au evoluat pentru a ajuta la evitarea erorilor în programele C. Acestea sunt simultan o demonstrație a aplicării bunelor principii de inginerie software într-un limbaj, și o indicație a limitărilor C. Deși puține sunt utilizate universal, iar unele sunt controversate, fiecare dintre acestea se bucură de o utilizare largă.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 30-36
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT80750
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/practici-comune-pentru-programarea-in-c/
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 3, Septembrie 2023 - RezumateNicolae Sfetcu
Revista IT & C este o publicație trimestrială din domeniile tehnologiei informației și comunicații, și domenii conexe de studiu și practică.
Cuprins:
EDITORIAL
Provocări în inteligența artificială
TEHNOLOGIA INFORMAȚIEI
Blockchain Design and Modelling
TELECOMUNICAȚII
Arhitectura de bază a rețelelor 5G
INTERNET
Big Data Ethics in Education and Research
SOFTWARE
Tableau Software: Vizualizarea și analiza datelor
PROGRAMARE
Rezumarea automată în inteligența artificială prin învățare nesupravegheată: TextRank
DEZVOLTARE WEB
Argumentele funcțiilor PHP – Transmiterea argumentelor prin referință
SECURITATE CIBERNETICĂ
Criptomonede și criptosecurități – Contracte inteligente
ISSN 2821– 8469 ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT55267
EAN , Cod IT23 , ID 32330
IT & C (PDF, EPUB, MOBI pentru Kindle) https://www.internetmobile.ro/revista/revista-it-c-volumul-2-numarul-3-septembrie-2023/
Vizualizarea datelor cu aplicațiile Tableau SoftwareNicolae Sfetcu
Tableau este un instrument de analiză și vizualizare a datelor care se poate conecta cu multe surse de date, creând tablouri de bord interactive. Tableau utilizează inovații de integrare a aplicațiilor, cum ar fi API-urile JavaScript și aplicația de conectare unică, pentru a include în mod constant analiza Tableau în aplicațiile de afaceri de bază. Tableau interoghează baze de date relaționale, cuburi de procesare analitică online, baze de date în cloud și foi de calcul pentru a genera vizualizări de date de tip grafic. De asemenea, software-ul poate extrage, stoca și prelua date dintr-un motor de date în memorie.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 23-29
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT10117
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/vizualizarea-datelor-cu-aplicatiile-tableau-software/
La revendication de Hooke sur la loi de la gravitéNicolae Sfetcu
Dans une note intitulée « Un état vrai de l'affaire et la controverse entre Sr Isaak Newton et le Dr Robert Hooke comme priorité de cette noble hypothèse du mouvement des planètes autour du Soleil en tant que leurs centres » non publié au cours de sa vie, Hooke a décrit sa théorie de la gravité. Pour soutenir sa « priorité », Hooke cite ses conférences sur les mouvements planétaires du 23 mai 1666, « Une tentative de prouver le mouvement de la Terre à partir d'observations » publiées en 1674 et la correspondance avec Isaac Newton en 1679.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26375.24485
Procesarea Big Data cu instrumente avansateNicolae Sfetcu
Datele trebuie procesate cu instrumente avansate de colectare și analiză, pe baza unor algoritmi prestabiliți, pentru a putea obține informații relevante. Algoritmii trebuie să ia în considerare și aspecte invizibile pentru percepțiile directe. Big Data în procesele guvernamentale cresc eficiența costurilor, productivitatea și inovația. Registrele civile sunt o sursă pentru Big Data. Datele prelucrate ajută în domenii critice de dezvoltare, cum ar fi îngrijirea sănătății, ocuparea forței de muncă, productivitatea economică, criminalitatea, securitatea și gestionarea dezastrelor naturale și a resurselor.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 18-22
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT91785
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/procesarea-big-data/
Corupţia, Globalizarea și NeocolonialismulNicolae Sfetcu
O introducere în conceptele interdependente despre corupţie, globalizare prin instituţiile financiare internaţionale, şi neocolonialism înţeles ca exploatarea resurselor şi materiilor prime a ţărilor sărace şi în curs de dezvoltare de unele mari corporaţii multinaţionale.
Corupţia este atât o cauză majoră cât şi un rezultat al sărăciei în întreaga lume. Ea apare la toate nivelurile societăţii, de la autorităţile locale şi naţionale, la societatea civilă, sistemul judiciar, întreprinderile mari şi mici, unităţile militare, etc. Corupţie sistemică (sau corupţia endemică) este corupţia, care se datorează în primul rând punctelor slabe ale unei organizaţii sau proces. Aceasta poate fi contrastată la funcţionarii sau agenţii individuali corupţi din cadrul sistemului. Factorii care încurajează corupţia sistemică includ stimulente contradictorii, puteri discreţionare, puteri de monopol, lipsa de transparenţă, salarii mici, şi o cultură a impunităţii. printre actele specifice de corupţie se numără luarea de mită, şantaj, şi deturnarea de fonduri, într-un sistem în care corupţia devine regula mai degrabă decât excepţia.
Neocolonialismului este practica de utilizare a capitalismului, globalizării, şi a forţelor culturale, pentru a controla o ţară, în locul unui control direct militar sau politic. Un astfel de control poate fi economic, cultural, sau lingvistic. Societăţile corporative care aparţin culturii impuse pot pătrunde mult mai uşor pe pieţele din aceste ţări. Astfel, neocolonialismului este rezultatul final al unor interese de afaceri sau geopolitice se obţine prin deformarea culturii ţărilor colonizate.
În urma unei ideologii cunoscut sub numele de neoliberalism, şi răspândită de instituţii financiare similare, cunoscută sub numele de "Consensul de la Washington", au fost impuse politici de ajustare structurală pentru a se asigura de rambursarea datoriilor şi restructurarea economică. Dar, în realitate s-a cerut ţărilor sărace să-şi reducă cheltuielile cu sănătatea, educaţia şi dezvoltarea, făcându-se o prioritate din rambursarea datoriilor şi a altor politici economice favorizante pentru ţările dezvoltate.Practic, FMI şi Banca Mondială au cerut ţărilor sărace să reducă nivelul de trai al populaţiei.
Corupţia, crimele de stat corporativ, şi crima organizată, sunt oricum considerate atât crime internaţionale cât şi crime de stat la nivel naţional. În cele mai multe cazuri crima de stat este considerată ca aplicabilă atunci când statul se implică direct în secretomania excesivă şi acoperirea unor activităţi ilegale, dezinformarea, şi o evidenţă financiară superficială sau chiar incorectă (care încurajează evaziunea fiscală în cazul unora din oficialii guvernamentali), reflectănd adesea interesele doar a anumitor clase sociale şi interese de grup, şi încălcând astfel drepturile omului.
Corupţia presupune cel puţin o persoană care corupe, una coruptă, şi o masă mare de păgubiţi inerţi. Vina este a tuturor!
Performanța și standardele rețelelor de telecomunicații 5GNicolae Sfetcu
Pentru măsurarea precisă a performanței 5G se utilizează simulatoare și teste specifice. Inițial, termenul a fost asociat cu standardul IMT-2020 al Uniunii Internaționale de Telecomunicații, care necesita o viteză maximă teoretică de descărcare de 20 gigabiți pe secundă și 10 gigabiți pe secundă viteza de încărcare, împreună cu alte cerințe. Apoi, grupul de standarde industriale 3GPP a ales standardul 5G NR (New Radio) împreună cu LTE ca propunere pentru transmitere la standardul IMT-2020.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 13-17
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT52354
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/performanta-si-standardele-retelelor-de-telecomunicatii-5g/
Intelligence Info, Volumul 2, Numărul 3, Septembrie 2023Nicolae Sfetcu
Revista Intelligence Info este o publicație trimestrială din domeniile intelligence, geopolitică și securitate, și domenii conexe de studiu și practică.
Cuprins:
EDITORIAL
Rolul serviciilor de informații în război, de Nicolae Sfetcu
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Analysis, de Nicolae Sfetcu
ISTORIA
Reformele serviciilor secrete de la Mihail Moruzov la Eugen Cristescu, între inovație și decadență, de Rodica Liseanu
Take Ionescu – O biografie vectorială în istoria partidelor politice și în semantica diplomației, de Rodica Liseanu
GEOPOLITICA
Apusul universalismului european, de Lisa-Maria Achimescu
Chinese Hegemony in the Production of Rare Earths, de Emilian M. Dobrescu
România. Între ‘gura de rai’ geografică şi răspântia geopolitică, de Radu Carp
SECURITATE
Schimbarea paradigmelor în mediul internațional de securitate, de Alexandru Cristian
Adevăr și dezinformare în fenomenul OZN, de Dan D. Farcaș
ȘTIINȚA INFORMAȚIEI
Utilizarea analiticii rețelelor sociale în intelligence, de Nicolae Sfetcu
ISSN 2821-8159 ISSN-L 2821-8159, DOI: 10.58679/II30199
EAN , Cod II23 , ID 22330
Intelligence Info (PDF, EPUB, MOBI pentru Kindle) https://www.intelligenceinfo.org/revista/revista-intelligence-info-volumul-2-numarul-3-septembrie-2023/
Ontologii narative în tehnologia blockchainNicolae Sfetcu
Paul Ricoeur a examinat o serie de forme diferite de discurs extins, începând cu discursul metaforic. Discursul narativ este una din formele investigate, configurând concepte eterogene care identifică acțiunile într-un moment în care un lucru se întâmplă nu numai după altceva, ci și din cauza altui lucru dintr-o poveste sau istorie care poate fi urmată. Reformează evenimentele fizice ca evenimente narative, care au sens deoarece spun ceea ce se întâmplă într-o poveste sau într-o istorie. Narațiunile sunt întotdeauna o sinteză a conceptelor eterogene care configurează episoadele povestirii.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 7-12
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT70323
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/ontologii-narative-in-tehnologia-blockchain/
Philosophy of Blockchain Technology - OntologiesNicolae Sfetcu
About the necessity and usefulness of developing a philosophy specific to the blockchain technology, emphasizing on the ontological aspects. After an Introduction that highlights the main philosophical directions for this emerging technology, in Blockchain Technology I explain the way the blockchain works, discussing ontological development directions of this technology in Designing and Modeling. The next section is dedicated to the main application of blockchain technology, Bitcoin, with the social implications of this cryptocurrency. There follows a section of Philosophy in which I identify the blockchain technology with the concept of heterotopia developed by Michel Foucault and I interpret it in the light of the notational technology developed by Nelson Goodman as a notational system. In the Ontology section, I present two developmental paths that I consider important: Narrative Ontology, based on the idea of order and structure of history transmitted through Paul Ricoeur's narrative history, and the Enterprise Ontology system based on concepts and models of an enterprise, specific to the semantic web, and which I consider to be the most well developed and which will probably become the formal ontological system, at least in terms of the economic and legal aspects of blockchain technology. In Conclusions I am talking about the future directions of developing the blockchain technology philosophy in general as an explanatory and robust theory from a phenomenologically consistent point of view, which allows testability and ontologies in particular, arguing for the need of a global adoption of an ontological system for develop cross-cutting solutions and to make this technology profitable.
Inteligența artificială, o provocare esențialăNicolae Sfetcu
Inteligența artificială a progresat până la punctul în care este o componentă esențială în aproape toate sectoarele economiei moderne actuale, cu un impact semnificativ asupra vieții noastre private, sociale și politice. Ea a fost întemeiată pe presupunerea că inteligența umană poate fi descrisă atât de precis încât să poată fi făcută o mașină să o simuleze. Acest lucru ridică argumente filozofice despre minte și etica creării de ființe artificiale înzestrate cu inteligență asemănătoare omului. Inteligența artificială sunt o sursă a unui set complet nou de probleme de explicabilitate, responsabilitate și încredere.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 3-6
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT30677
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/inteligenta-artificiala-o-provocare-esentiala/
Ghidul de faţă se bazează în general pe ghidul în limba engleză „How to write clearly”, aducând o serie de recomandări specifi ce redactării textelor în limba română.
https://www.telework.ro/ro/e-books/ghid-ue-pentru-traduceri/
Activitatea de intelligence – Ciclul intelligenceNicolae Sfetcu
David Singer afirmă că, în prezent, amenințarea constituie principalul obiectiv al agențiilor de informații. Activitatea de informații poate fi considerată ca fiind procesul prin care anumite tipuri de informații sunt solicitate, colectate, analizate și diseminate, și modul în care sunt concepute și desfășurate anumite tipuri de acțiuni secrete. Ciclul intelligence reprezintă un set de procese utilizate pentru a furniza informații utile în luarea deciziilor. Ciclul constă din mai multe procese. Domeniul conex al contrainformațiilor este însărcinat cu împiedicarea eforturilor informative ale altora.
INTELLIGENCE INFO, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 34-40
ISSN 2821 – 8159, ISSN – L 2821 – 8159, DOI: 10.58679/II18551
URL: https://www.intelligenceinfo.org/activitatea-de-intelligence-ciclul-intelligence/
Cunoașterea Științifică, Volumul 2, Numărul 3, Septembrie 2023Nicolae Sfetcu
Revista Cunoașterea Științifică este o publicație trimestrială din domeniile științei și filosofiei, și domenii conexe de studiu și practică.
Cuprins:
EDITORIAL
Știința schimbărilor climatice, de Nicolae Sfetcu
ȘTIINȚE NATURALE
Interactions between the brain, the biofields, and the physical, de Adrian Klein și Robert Neil Boyd
The Psycho-Neural Connectivity, de Adrian Klein
ȘTIINȚE SOCIALE
School dropout rate in Romania, de Alexandra Mocanu
Ipoteza hipercivilizațiilor, de Dan D. Farcas
The Importance of the Rare Earths for the World Economy, de Emilian M. Dobrescu
Puteri emergente şi noile paradigme în mediul internațional de securitate, de Alexandru Cristian
Models of Emotional Intelligence in Research and Education, de Nicolae Sfetcu
Cultura anime în România, de Alexandra Mocanu
ȘTIINȚE FORMALE
Etica în inteligența artificială: provocări și perspective, de Sebastian Bidașcă
FILOSOFIE
Portretul biblic al unicornilor și paranoia fără fundamente privind seria „My Little Pony”, de Valentina-Andrada Minea
Materialism şi realitatea esteticii: Argumente şi contraargumente la scrisorile lui Friedrich Schiller privind educaţia estetică a omului (1/3), de Petru Ababii
Unele aspecte ale filosofiei lui Albert Einstein și Henri Bergson, timpul şi paradoxul lui Zenon în viziune critică nonsofisticată, de Petru Ababii
RECENZII CĂRȚI
Humanism, Becoming and the Demiurge in The Adventures of Pinocchio, de Nicolae Sfetcu
ISSN 2821-8086 ISSN-L 2821-8086, DOI: 10.58679/CS90773
EAN 725657205492, Cod CS23P , ID 12330
Cunoașterea Științifică (PDF, EPUB, MOBI pentru Kindle) https://www.cunoasterea.ro/revista/revista-cunoasterea-stiintifica-volumul-2-numarul-3-septembrie-2023/
Manual pentru începători pentru întreţinerea şi depanarea calculatoarelor, cu o introducere în noţiuni de calculatoare, hardware, software (inclusiv sisteme de operare) şi securitatea pe Internet.
Un calculator de uz general are patru componente principale: unitatea logică aritmetică (ALU), unitatea de control, memoria, şi dispozitive de intrare şi ieşire (denumite colectiv I/O). Aceste piese sunt interconectate prin bus-uri, de multe ori făcut din grupuri de fire.
Caracteristica definitorie a computerelor moderne, care le distinge de toate celelalte maşini, este că acestea pot fi programate. Asta presupune că un anumit tip de instrucţiuni (program) poate fi implementat în calculator, care le va procesa. Calculatoare moderne, bazate pe arhitectura von Neumann, au adesea codul maşină în forma unui limbaj de programare imperativ.
Drobeta Turnu Severin Heavy Water Plant: ConstructionNicolae Sfetcu
The heavy water plant was established under the name of Combinatul Chimic Drobeta, by Decree 400/16.11.1979, under the Inorganic Products Industrial Center (CIPA) Râmnicu Vâlcea. The thermo-electric plant for supplying the heavy water factory with steam was decided to be located in Halânga village, three kilometers from the factory. The process water required for the factory was brought from the Danube, and the hydrogen sulphide used in the process was produced in the plant, through a specific technology, and then compressed, liquefied and stored in special tanks. The works on the heavy water factory at Drobeta Turnu Severin started in 1979, based on a derogatory HCM. The equipment for the heavy water plant was purchased through the Industrial Center for Chemical and Refinery Equipment (CIUTCR). All equipment and facilities that transported hydrogen sulphide had to meet strict quality assurance conditions.
CUNOAȘTEREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 39-44
ISSN 2821 – 8086, ISSN – L 2821 – 8086, DOI: 10.58679/CS96723
URL: https://www.cunoasterea.ro/drobeta-turnu-severin-heavy-water-plant-construction/
Din punct de vedere metodologic, atât Newton cât și Einstein, și ulterior Dirac, au susținut fără rezerve principiul simplității matematice în descoperirea noilor legi fizice ale naturii. Lor li s-au alăturat și Poincaré și Weyl. Eduard Prugovecki afirmă că gravitația cuantică a impus luarea în considerare a unor întrebări epistemologice fundamentale, care pot fi identificate în filosofie cu problema minții-corp și cu problema liberului arbitru. Aceste întrebări au influențat epistemologia mecanicii cuantice sub forma “paralelismului psiho-fizic” al lui von Neumann și analiza ulterioară a tezei de către Wigner că “colapsul pachetului de unde” are loc în mintea “observatorului”.
CUNOAȘTEREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 20-38
ISSN 2821 – 8086, ISSN – L 2821 – 8086, DOI: 10.58679/CS96800
URL: https://www.cunoasterea.ro/epistemologia-gravitatiei-cuantice/
The Octavia range embodies the design trend of the Škoda brand: a fusion of
aesthetics, safety and practicality. Whether you see the car as a whole or step
closer and explore its unique features, the Octavia range radiates with the
harmony of functionality and emotion
What Could Be Behind Your Mercedes Sprinter's Power Loss on Uphill RoadsSprinter Gurus
Unlock the secrets behind your Mercedes Sprinter's uphill power loss with our comprehensive presentation. From fuel filter blockages to turbocharger troubles, we uncover the culprits and empower you to reclaim your vehicle's peak performance. Conquer every ascent with confidence and ensure a thrilling journey every time.
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
Implementing ELDs or Electronic Logging Devices is slowly but surely becoming the norm in fleet management. Why? Well, integrating ELDs and associated connected vehicle solutions like fleet tracking devices lets businesses and their in-house fleet managers reap several benefits. Check out the post below to learn more.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
3. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
2
The book is made by organizing Telework articles (main sources: my own articles, Wikipedia under the CC
BY-SA 3.0 license adapted by Nicolae Sfetcu, and other sources). Text license: CC BY-SA 3.0
The information in this book (licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License) is from 2006 and has
not been updated.
DISCLAIMER:
The author and publisher are providing this book and its contents on an “as is” basis and make
no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to this book or its contents. The author
and publisher disclaim all such representations and warranties for a particular purpose. In addition,
the author and publisher do not represent or warrant that the information accessible via this book
is accurate, complete or current.
Except as specifically stated in this book, neither the author or publisher, nor any authors,
contributors, or other representatives will be liable for damages arising out of or in connection
with the use of this book. This is a comprehensive limitation of liability that applies to all damages
of any kind, including (without limitation) compensatory; direct, indirect or consequential
damages, including for third parties.
You understand that this book is not intended as a substitute for consultation with a licensed,
educational, legal or finance professional. Before you use it in any way, you will consult a licensed
professional to ensure that you are doing what’s best for your situation.
This book provides content related to educational topics. As such, use of this book implies
your acceptance of this disclaimer.
4. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
3
Cuprins
The Car Show ................................................................................................................................................1
1 Automobile ................................................................................................................................................ 29
History................................................................................................................................................... 29
Alternative fuels and batteries..................................................................................................... 34
Current Production........................................................................................................................... 35
Future of the car ................................................................................................................................ 36
Automobile platforms .......................................................................................................................... 39
Automobiles ............................................................................................................................................. 39
Drivetrain ............................................................................................................................................. 39
Military.................................................................................................................................................. 40
Slangs..................................................................................................................................................... 40
Uncategorized..................................................................................................................................... 40
See also.................................................................................................................................................. 40
Car companies that do not make FWD models........................................................................... 40
Vehicle models used in the military................................................................................................ 41
Great Britain........................................................................................................................................ 41
USA and Canada................................................................................................................................. 41
Slang terms for automobiles.............................................................................................................. 41
Generic................................................................................................................................................... 42
RV ............................................................................................................................................................ 44
Truck ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
Van .......................................................................................................................................................... 45
See also.................................................................................................................................................. 45
Hooptie....................................................................................................................................................... 46
Semi-trailer............................................................................................................................................... 46
Regional Configurations ................................................................................................................. 46
Construction........................................................................................................................................ 49
Drivers license.................................................................................................................................... 50
Road trains........................................................................................................................................... 50
Role in Industry.................................................................................................................................. 50
5. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
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Television ............................................................................................................................................. 50
Taxicab ....................................................................................................................................................... 51
History and etymology.................................................................................................................... 51
Vehicles ................................................................................................................................................. 52
See also.................................................................................................................................................. 52
Slang terms for police vehicles ......................................................................................................... 52
Generic................................................................................................................................................... 52
Police bicycle....................................................................................................................................... 53
Police van.............................................................................................................................................. 54
SWAT van ............................................................................................................................................. 54
Jam sandwich........................................................................................................................................... 54
See also.................................................................................................................................................. 54
Panda car................................................................................................................................................... 55
Description........................................................................................................................................... 55
History................................................................................................................................................... 55
Models of car used ............................................................................................................................ 55
See also.................................................................................................................................................. 56
Ambulance................................................................................................................................................ 56
Ambulances in North America ..................................................................................................... 56
Ambulances in France ..................................................................................................................... 57
Ambulances in the UK...................................................................................................................... 59
Ambulances is Germany and Austria......................................................................................... 60
Military ambulances......................................................................................................................... 61
References............................................................................................................................................ 61
Police car ................................................................................................................................................... 61
Characteristics.................................................................................................................................... 62
Markings and paint schemes ........................................................................................................ 62
Deterrence............................................................................................................................................ 63
See also.................................................................................................................................................. 63
Police Emergency Wagon.................................................................................................................... 63
Paddywagon............................................................................................................................................. 64
SWAT van.................................................................................................................................................. 64
See also.................................................................................................................................................. 64
6. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
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Automobile manufacturers ................................................................................................................ 65
Companies by Country .................................................................................................................... 65
Automobile model and marque oddities ....................................................................................111
Single-vehicle marques.................................................................................................................111
Eponymous marques .....................................................................................................................112
Multi-marque models ....................................................................................................................112
Unrelated models............................................................................................................................113
Identical models...............................................................................................................................114
Racing homologation specials....................................................................................................115
Not for sale.........................................................................................................................................116
See also................................................................................................................................................116
Automobile model nameplates with a discontiguous timeline..........................................117
Near-miss ...........................................................................................................................................118
Notes.....................................................................................................................................................118
Automotive superlatives...................................................................................................................118
Some notes about units of measurement used herein......................................................119
Engine capacity ................................................................................................................................119
Dimensions ........................................................................................................................................121
Power...................................................................................................................................................123
Performance......................................................................................................................................125
Sales......................................................................................................................................................126
Firsts.....................................................................................................................................................126
Pre-War...............................................................................................................................................136
See also................................................................................................................................................136
Bestselling vehicle nameplates.......................................................................................................136
See also................................................................................................................................................137
Diesel automobiles ..............................................................................................................................137
Alfa Romeo.........................................................................................................................................137
AM General.........................................................................................................................................137
Audi.......................................................................................................................................................137
Buick.....................................................................................................................................................138
BMW.....................................................................................................................................................138
Cadillac ................................................................................................................................................138
7. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
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Chevrolet.............................................................................................................................................138
Chrysler...............................................................................................................................................139
Citroën.................................................................................................................................................140
DaimlerChrysler...............................................................................................................................140
Dodge ...................................................................................................................................................140
Fiat ........................................................................................................................................................140
Ford.......................................................................................................................................................140
International .....................................................................................................................................140
GMC.......................................................................................................................................................142
Honda...................................................................................................................................................142
Hyundai...............................................................................................................................................142
Jaguar...................................................................................................................................................142
Kia..........................................................................................................................................................142
Land Rover.........................................................................................................................................143
Lincoln.................................................................................................................................................143
Mazda...................................................................................................................................................143
Mercedes-Benz.................................................................................................................................143
Mercury...............................................................................................................................................144
Nissan...................................................................................................................................................144
Opel.......................................................................................................................................................144
Peugeot................................................................................................................................................145
Renault ................................................................................................................................................145
Rover....................................................................................................................................................145
SAAB.....................................................................................................................................................146
Seat........................................................................................................................................................146
Skoda....................................................................................................................................................146
Suzuki...................................................................................................................................................146
TATA.....................................................................................................................................................146
Toyota..................................................................................................................................................146
Vauxhall...............................................................................................................................................147
Volkswagen........................................................................................................................................147
Volvo.....................................................................................................................................................147
Famous automobiles...........................................................................................................................147
8. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
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Real .......................................................................................................................................................148
From fiction .......................................................................................................................................148
See also................................................................................................................................................150
Unrelated vehicles with identical nameplates..........................................................................150
Songs about automobiles..................................................................................................................153
0-9 .........................................................................................................................................................153
A .............................................................................................................................................................153
B .............................................................................................................................................................153
C..............................................................................................................................................................154
D.............................................................................................................................................................154
E..............................................................................................................................................................155
F..............................................................................................................................................................155
G .............................................................................................................................................................155
H.............................................................................................................................................................155
I...............................................................................................................................................................155
J...............................................................................................................................................................156
K .............................................................................................................................................................156
L..............................................................................................................................................................156
M ............................................................................................................................................................156
N.............................................................................................................................................................157
O.............................................................................................................................................................157
P..............................................................................................................................................................157
Q.............................................................................................................................................................157
R .............................................................................................................................................................157
S..............................................................................................................................................................158
T .............................................................................................................................................................158
U.............................................................................................................................................................158
V .............................................................................................................................................................159
W............................................................................................................................................................159
Y..............................................................................................................................................................159
See also................................................................................................................................................159
Automotive flops..................................................................................................................................159
Vehicles ...............................................................................................................................................159
9. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
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Brands..................................................................................................................................................164
Management......................................................................................................................................165
Mini based cars .....................................................................................................................................165
Australia..............................................................................................................................................166
Italy.......................................................................................................................................................166
United Kingdom...............................................................................................................................166
Automotive packages .........................................................................................................................169
Convenience package .........................................................................................................................169
See also................................................................................................................................................170
Handling package.................................................................................................................................171
See also................................................................................................................................................171
Navigation package .............................................................................................................................171
See also................................................................................................................................................172
Performance package.........................................................................................................................172
See also................................................................................................................................................172
Safety package.......................................................................................................................................172
See also................................................................................................................................................173
Sports package ......................................................................................................................................173
See also................................................................................................................................................174
Trim package .........................................................................................................................................174
See also................................................................................................................................................175
Most expensive cars............................................................................................................................175
Automobile awards .............................................................................................................................178
European Car of the Year..................................................................................................................178
Current rules.....................................................................................................................................179
Comments on each winner..........................................................................................................179
North American Car of the Year .....................................................................................................187
World Car of the Year .........................................................................................................................188
2006......................................................................................................................................................188
2005......................................................................................................................................................189
Fictional automobiles.........................................................................................................................189
Automobiles ......................................................................................................................................189
Recreational Vehicles.....................................................................................................................191
10. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
9
Flying cars/personal spacecraft................................................................................................191
Railroads and trains.......................................................................................................................192
See also................................................................................................................................................192
Auto racing..............................................................................................................................................192
History.................................................................................................................................................192
Categories...........................................................................................................................................194
Use of flags .........................................................................................................................................198
Accidents.............................................................................................................................................199
Formula One...........................................................................................................................................199
History.................................................................................................................................................200
Racing and strategy........................................................................................................................203
Drivers and constructors..............................................................................................................204
Grands Prix ........................................................................................................................................205
Circuits.................................................................................................................................................206
The future of Formula One ..........................................................................................................207
Notes.....................................................................................................................................................210
Rallying ....................................................................................................................................................211
History.................................................................................................................................................211
Rally cars.............................................................................................................................................212
Rally courses .....................................................................................................................................212
Reconnaissance drives..................................................................................................................213
Notable rallies...................................................................................................................................213
Auto show ...............................................................................................................................................214
List of Auto Shows...........................................................................................................................214
2 Maintenance............................................................................................................................................216
Auto mechanic.......................................................................................................................................216
Tire rotation...........................................................................................................................................216
Wheel alignment...................................................................................................................................217
See also................................................................................................................................................218
3 Styling Features .....................................................................................................................................219
Hidden headlights................................................................................................................................219
Partial list of cars with hidden headlights.............................................................................219
Personal luxury car .............................................................................................................................221
11. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
10
Definition............................................................................................................................................221
Origins..................................................................................................................................................221
The personal luxury market emerges .....................................................................................222
Decline.................................................................................................................................................223
Partial list ...........................................................................................................................................223
Streetfighter...........................................................................................................................................224
Modifications are commonly made to Streetfighter:.........................................................224
Controversy.......................................................................................................................................225
Tailfin........................................................................................................................................................225
Vinyl roof.................................................................................................................................................226
History.................................................................................................................................................226
Styles ....................................................................................................................................................227
Issues for Collectors .......................................................................................................................228
Whitewall tire........................................................................................................................................229
4 Car body style .........................................................................................................................................230
Styles in current use.......................................................................................................................230
Historical body styles.....................................................................................................................235
See also..........................................................................................................................................................236
A-pillar ..........................................................................................................................................................238
Bangle-butt.............................................................................................................................................238
Brougham................................................................................................................................................239
Cab forward............................................................................................................................................239
Cabrio coach...........................................................................................................................................239
Coupe ........................................................................................................................................................241
Pronunciation ...................................................................................................................................241
History.................................................................................................................................................241
Coupe de Ville........................................................................................................................................243
Model History ...................................................................................................................................243
Popular culture.................................................................................................................................244
Coupe de Ville songs.......................................................................................................................244
Combi coupé...........................................................................................................................................244
Coupe Utility...........................................................................................................................................245
Features...............................................................................................................................................245
12. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
11
Origins..................................................................................................................................................245
The Term "Ute".................................................................................................................................246
Vehicles of This Style .....................................................................................................................246
References..........................................................................................................................................246
Coupe roadster......................................................................................................................................246
Crew cab ..................................................................................................................................................247
References..........................................................................................................................................247
Dune buggy.............................................................................................................................................247
Design ..................................................................................................................................................247
Function..............................................................................................................................................248
History.................................................................................................................................................248
Military buggy's................................................................................................................................248
Tube Framed Buggies....................................................................................................................248
Fastback...................................................................................................................................................249
Examples of two-door fastback cars........................................................................................249
Examples of four-door fastback cars .......................................................................................249
See also................................................................................................................................................249
Hackney carriage..................................................................................................................................250
Black cabs...........................................................................................................................................250
History.................................................................................................................................................250
City of Boston....................................................................................................................................251
Hardtop....................................................................................................................................................251
Detachable hardtops......................................................................................................................251
Pillarless hardtops..........................................................................................................................252
See also................................................................................................................................................253
Hearse.......................................................................................................................................................253
Cultural references .........................................................................................................................255
See also................................................................................................................................................255
High Wheeler.........................................................................................................................................255
Kammback ..............................................................................................................................................255
Landau......................................................................................................................................................256
Coachbuilding...................................................................................................................................256
Automobiles ......................................................................................................................................257
13. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
12
Reference............................................................................................................................................257
Notchback ...............................................................................................................................................259
Examples.............................................................................................................................................259
See also................................................................................................................................................259
Panel van .................................................................................................................................................259
Australian panel vans ....................................................................................................................259
See also................................................................................................................................................260
Phaeton body.........................................................................................................................................261
Retractable hardtop............................................................................................................................261
History.................................................................................................................................................261
List of cars with retractable hardtops.....................................................................................261
References..........................................................................................................................................262
Roadster...................................................................................................................................................262
See also................................................................................................................................................263
Runabout.................................................................................................................................................263
Shooting-brake......................................................................................................................................264
Softtop ......................................................................................................................................................264
Sportwagon ............................................................................................................................................264
Spyder.......................................................................................................................................................264
See also................................................................................................................................................265
Stanhope body.......................................................................................................................................265
T-bucket...................................................................................................................................................265
T-top..........................................................................................................................................................266
See also................................................................................................................................................266
Targa top .................................................................................................................................................266
Three window coupe..........................................................................................................................268
Tonneau...................................................................................................................................................268
Touring car .............................................................................................................................................268
Van.............................................................................................................................................................269
Word usage and etymology.........................................................................................................269
Examples.............................................................................................................................................270
Usage....................................................................................................................................................270
Criticism..............................................................................................................................................270
14. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
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Alternatives .......................................................................................................................................271
See also................................................................................................................................................271
Makes of van......................................................................................................................................271
Woodie .....................................................................................................................................................273
5 Car classifications..................................................................................................................................275
Microcar..............................................................................................................................................275
Hatchback...........................................................................................................................................276
Sedan/saloon and station wagon / estate.............................................................................278
Sportive cars......................................................................................................................................280
Cabriolet / convertible..................................................................................................................282
4x4.........................................................................................................................................................283
Minivan / MPV..................................................................................................................................284
Other.....................................................................................................................................................285
See also................................................................................................................................................285
List of cars...............................................................................................................................................285
Argentina............................................................................................................................................285
Armenia...............................................................................................................................................285
Australia..............................................................................................................................................286
Austria .................................................................................................................................................287
Belarus.................................................................................................................................................287
Belgium ...............................................................................................................................................288
Brazil ....................................................................................................................................................288
Bulgaria...............................................................................................................................................288
Canada .................................................................................................................................................289
China.....................................................................................................................................................290
Czech Republic .................................................................................................................................290
Denmark .............................................................................................................................................291
Estonia.................................................................................................................................................291
Finland.................................................................................................................................................291
France ..................................................................................................................................................291
Germany..............................................................................................................................................293
Greece ..................................................................................................................................................295
Hungary...............................................................................................................................................296
15. NICOLAE SFETCU: THE CAR SHOW
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India......................................................................................................................................................296
Iran........................................................................................................................................................296
Ireland..................................................................................................................................................297
Israel.....................................................................................................................................................297
Italy.......................................................................................................................................................297
Japan.....................................................................................................................................................300
Latvia....................................................................................................................................................300
Liechtenstein.....................................................................................................................................300
Lithuania.............................................................................................................................................300
Malaysia ..............................................................................................................................................300
Namibia...............................................................................................................................................301
Netherlands.......................................................................................................................................301
North Korea.......................................................................................................................................301
Norway................................................................................................................................................301
Philippines .........................................................................................................................................301
Poland..................................................................................................................................................301
Portugal...............................................................................................................................................302
Romania..............................................................................................................................................302
Russia...................................................................................................................................................302
Serbia ...................................................................................................................................................302
Slovenia...............................................................................................................................................302
South Korea .......................................................................................................................................303
Spain.....................................................................................................................................................303
Sweden ................................................................................................................................................303
Switzerland........................................................................................................................................304
Turkey..................................................................................................................................................304
Ukraine................................................................................................................................................305
United Arab Emirates ....................................................................................................................305
United Kingdom...............................................................................................................................305
United States .....................................................................................................................................310
Vietnam...............................................................................................................................................317
See also................................................................................................................................................317
Vehicle size class ..................................................................................................................................317
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North America ..................................................................................................................................318
Europe .................................................................................................................................................319
Microcars.................................................................................................................................................320
Reasons for microcars...................................................................................................................320
Microcars by countries..................................................................................................................321
Electric microcars ...........................................................................................................................325
See also................................................................................................................................................326
References..........................................................................................................................................326
Hatchback................................................................................................................................................326
History.................................................................................................................................................327
Similar body styles..........................................................................................................................328
See also................................................................................................................................................329
City car......................................................................................................................................................329
Internal combustion engine (ICE) city cars...........................................................................329
Battery electric city cars...............................................................................................................331
See also................................................................................................................................................331
Supermini car ........................................................................................................................................331
History.................................................................................................................................................332
See also................................................................................................................................................334
Subcompact cars...................................................................................................................................334
See also................................................................................................................................................335
Family car................................................................................................................................................335
Small family cars..............................................................................................................................335
Large family cars .............................................................................................................................336
Full-size family cars........................................................................................................................336
Compact car............................................................................................................................................336
See also................................................................................................................................................336
Economy car...........................................................................................................................................337
Sedan.........................................................................................................................................................337
Description.........................................................................................................................................338
Types of sedan..................................................................................................................................338
Small sedans......................................................................................................................................339
Terminology......................................................................................................................................339
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Sports sedan...........................................................................................................................................340
6 passenger Sedans .............................................................................................................................340
Station wagon........................................................................................................................................341
History.................................................................................................................................................341
All-steel wagons...............................................................................................................................342
Declining popularity in North America...................................................................................344
Station wagons around the world.............................................................................................344
Tailgate evolution............................................................................................................................345
See also................................................................................................................................................346
Sources ................................................................................................................................................346
Sportive cars ..........................................................................................................................................347
Hot hatch .................................................................................................................................................347
Development of the hot hatch ....................................................................................................347
See also................................................................................................................................................350
Sports car ................................................................................................................................................350
Layout ..................................................................................................................................................351
Seating .................................................................................................................................................353
Safety....................................................................................................................................................353
Examples.............................................................................................................................................353
See also................................................................................................................................................355
Grand tourers ........................................................................................................................................355
Supercars.................................................................................................................................................356
Performance criteria......................................................................................................................356
Other criteria.....................................................................................................................................357
See also................................................................................................................................................358
List of supercars ...................................................................................................................................358
Supercars............................................................................................................................................358
Unproduced supercars..................................................................................................................360
Planned supercars...........................................................................................................................361
Disputed/questionable supercars............................................................................................361
See also................................................................................................................................................362
Muscle cars .............................................................................................................................................362
Definition............................................................................................................................................362
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Origins..................................................................................................................................................362
Politics of the Muscle Car .............................................................................................................363
Outside the US ..................................................................................................................................364
Modern muscle cars .......................................................................................................................364
American muscle cars....................................................................................................................365
See also................................................................................................................................................366
Cabriolet ..................................................................................................................................................366
See also................................................................................................................................................366
Convertible .............................................................................................................................................366
Notable convertibles......................................................................................................................367
See also................................................................................................................................................367
Four-wheel drive..................................................................................................................................368
Design ..................................................................................................................................................368
History.................................................................................................................................................370
4WD in road racing.........................................................................................................................371
Terminology......................................................................................................................................371
Four wheel drives in Australia...................................................................................................372
Unusual four-wheel drive systems...........................................................................................372
See also................................................................................................................................................372
Sport utility vehicle .............................................................................................................................373
Design characteristics....................................................................................................................373
History.................................................................................................................................................373
SUVs in remote areas.....................................................................................................................374
Other names ......................................................................................................................................374
Hybrid technology...........................................................................................................................375
SUVs in recreation and motorsport..........................................................................................375
Criticism..............................................................................................................................................375
Protests ...............................................................................................................................................379
See also................................................................................................................................................379
Notes and references .....................................................................................................................380
Additional reading ..........................................................................................................................380
Mini SUV ..................................................................................................................................................380
List of mini SUVs..............................................................................................................................380
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Crossover SUV.......................................................................................................................................381
History.................................................................................................................................................381
Advantages.........................................................................................................................................382
Continuing proliferation...............................................................................................................382
See also................................................................................................................................................384
Minivan ....................................................................................................................................................384
History.................................................................................................................................................384
Current models.................................................................................................................................385
Public image in the USA................................................................................................................386
Minivan model prototype oddities...........................................................................................386
Minivan examples ...........................................................................................................................386
Recreational vehicle............................................................................................................................387
Vintage car..............................................................................................................................................389
Full-size vehicles ..................................................................................................................................389
Decline and renaissance ...............................................................................................................390
List of full-size cars.........................................................................................................................390
See also................................................................................................................................................391
Keicars......................................................................................................................................................391
History and regulations ................................................................................................................392
Manufacturers of keicars..............................................................................................................393
Famous example cars.....................................................................................................................393
See also................................................................................................................................................393
Hybrid vehicles .....................................................................................................................................393
Hybrids currently available.........................................................................................................395
Types....................................................................................................................................................397
Engines and fuel sources..............................................................................................................402
Benefits................................................................................................................................................405
Hybrids vs. electric vehicles........................................................................................................407
Other hybrid vehicles.....................................................................................................................408
See also................................................................................................................................................408
Footnotes & references.................................................................................................................408
List of hybrid vehicles ........................................................................................................................409
Early designs.....................................................................................................................................409
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1990s....................................................................................................................................................409
2000s....................................................................................................................................................409
Unknown date...................................................................................................................................410
Planned................................................................................................................................................410
Gas-electric hybrid engine................................................................................................................410
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle ........................................................................................................411
Types....................................................................................................................................................411
Advantages.........................................................................................................................................412
Implementations .............................................................................................................................412
Battery electric vehicle..................................................................................................................413
Vehicle-to-grid..................................................................................................................................413
Luxury vehicles.....................................................................................................................................413
General definition (for American cars)...................................................................................414
Non-luxury prestige vehicles......................................................................................................414
Luxury market segments (for American cars).....................................................................415
Luxury SUV (United States).........................................................................................................416
European (German) definition...................................................................................................417
Luxury car manufacturers ...........................................................................................................418
References..........................................................................................................................................419
See also................................................................................................................................................419
Mid-size car ............................................................................................................................................419
North America ..................................................................................................................................419
Europe, Australia & New Zealand.............................................................................................420
Japan.....................................................................................................................................................421
See also................................................................................................................................................421
Pickup trucks .........................................................................................................................................421
Types of pickups..............................................................................................................................422
Pickup cab styles..............................................................................................................................424
Pickup bed styles.............................................................................................................................426
The cultural significance of the pickup...................................................................................427
Military use........................................................................................................................................428
Other uses...........................................................................................................................................428
Miscellaneous....................................................................................................................................429
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Prestige vehicles...................................................................................................................................429
Guidelines...........................................................................................................................................429
Semi-luxury Prestige vehicles ....................................................................................................429
Non-luxury Prestige vehicles......................................................................................................430
Prestige categories..........................................................................................................................430
List of prestige marques...............................................................................................................431
Production Electric vehicles ............................................................................................................431
History.................................................................................................................................................432
Efficiency ............................................................................................................................................432
Performance......................................................................................................................................434
Fuels .....................................................................................................................................................434
Range....................................................................................................................................................434
Battery charging ..............................................................................................................................435
Battery life..........................................................................................................................................435
Safety....................................................................................................................................................436
Future...................................................................................................................................................437
Owners ................................................................................................................................................437
Controversy.......................................................................................................................................438
United States .....................................................................................................................................439
Outside the United States.............................................................................................................439
Production vehicles........................................................................................................................439
Prototypes..........................................................................................................................................440
Production announcements........................................................................................................441
Hobbyists, research, and racing.................................................................................................441
See also................................................................................................................................................442
Patents.................................................................................................................................................442
2 plus 2.....................................................................................................................................................443
Air car .......................................................................................................................................................443
Compact SUV..........................................................................................................................................443
List of compact SUVs......................................................................................................................443
Concept cars...........................................................................................................................................444
See also................................................................................................................................................446
Cyclecar....................................................................................................................................................446
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General description ........................................................................................................................446
The cyclecars appear......................................................................................................................446
Sporting cars and cyclecar races...............................................................................................448
The decline of cyclecars................................................................................................................448
Cyclecars by countries...................................................................................................................448
See also................................................................................................................................................453
Books....................................................................................................................................................453
Leisure activity vehicle ......................................................................................................................454
Limousine................................................................................................................................................454
Limousine ownership and rental..............................................................................................454
Limousine types...............................................................................................................................454
See also................................................................................................................................................456
Pony car ...................................................................................................................................................456
Origins of the breed........................................................................................................................457
Defining the class.............................................................................................................................457
Pony car competitors.....................................................................................................................458
Expansion and decline...................................................................................................................458
Later developments........................................................................................................................459
Professional car ....................................................................................................................................460
Safety car.................................................................................................................................................460
Formula One......................................................................................................................................460
Indianapolis 500..............................................................................................................................461
NASCAR...............................................................................................................................................461
Production safety cars...................................................................................................................462
Show car ..................................................................................................................................................462
History.................................................................................................................................................464
See also................................................................................................................................................464
Sport compact........................................................................................................................................464
Classification & debate..................................................................................................................464
Tuning..................................................................................................................................................465
Motorsports.......................................................................................................................................466
Market trends ...................................................................................................................................466
See also................................................................................................................................................466
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Voiturette ................................................................................................................................................466
Green vehicles .......................................................................................................................................467
Alternative propulsion.......................................................................................................................467
Definition............................................................................................................................................467
Motivation..........................................................................................................................................468
Application fields.............................................................................................................................468
Criteria for successful application of alternative propulsion.........................................468
See also................................................................................................................................................468
Electric vehicles....................................................................................................................................468
History.................................................................................................................................................470
Future...................................................................................................................................................470
Electric vehicles and the automotive industry ....................................................................471
Patents.................................................................................................................................................471
See also................................................................................................................................................471
History of the electric vehicle..........................................................................................................473
Flexible-fuel vehicles ..........................................................................................................................473
Flexible-fuel vehicles in the United States.............................................................................473
Flexible-fuel vehicles in Brazil ...................................................................................................474
Flexible-fuel vehicles in Europe.................................................................................................475
List of currently-produced flexible fuel vehicles ................................................................475
See also................................................................................................................................................475
Hydrogen vehicle .................................................................................................................................476
Hydrogen fuel cell ...........................................................................................................................476
Hydrogen internal combustion..................................................................................................478
Automobile and bus makers .......................................................................................................479
Fuel stations ......................................................................................................................................480
Planes...................................................................................................................................................480
References..........................................................................................................................................482
See also................................................................................................................................................482
Low-energy vehicles ...........................................................................................................................482
Motivation..........................................................................................................................................482
Preconditions....................................................................................................................................483
Facts......................................................................................................................................................483